教育的目的 the aim of education

1、further discussion about chinese education,outline,brief introduction general analysis of the text contrast between western and chinese education the exploration of educational reform”weichang class” the current situation of education in china,教,教：甲骨文的“教”字是个会意字，其右是一只手拿了一条教鞭（或是棍子），左下方是个“子”（小孩），“子”上面的

2、两个叉是被教鞭抽打的象征性符号。东汉许慎说文解字将其释为“上所施，下所效也。” 意即我们今天所说的“教育”。,what is the aims of education？,prepared us to think about the natural world knowledge in basic skills, academics, techniques, discipline, citizenship develop the knowledge, skill, or character of students a quality education is custom design tha

3、t addresses the unique abilities of each student and has a positive emotional experience,“what we should aim at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction.” -alfred north whitehead,alfred north whitehead,alfred north whitehead (15 february 1861 30 decemb

4、er 1947) an english mathematician and philosopher. he wrote on algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education. whitehead supervised the doctoral dissertations of bertrand russell and willard van orman quine, thus influencing logic and virtually

5、 all of analytic philosophy. he co-authored the epochal principia mathematica with russell and later the metaphysical treatise process and reality.,赞可夫（，19011977) the principle of implementing education with high challenge; the principle of implementing education with high speed; the principle of th

6、e importance of theoretical knowledge; the principle of making ss understand the process of learning; the principle of making all ss receive the general development;,dewey , american educator, the representative of pragmatism education life is development, and the interrupted development is life. so

7、 the best education is to learn from life, learn from experience. education has to provide ss the sufficient life capital.,in this selection, whitehead sets forth his views on education and stresses the need to recognize the interdependence among various disciplines and to avoid the narrowness of pe

8、rspective that he felt characterizes much of a university education. the selection can be seen as composed of two parts. in the first part whitehead clarifies some key nations concerning education, and in the second he presents his commandments.,organization and development,part one: (p1- 3) clarify

9、ing some key notions concerning education part two: (p4 - 9) presenting his commandments/instructions/advice,para.1 - distinction between culture and training culture refers to the cultivation of the ability to think, to make discovery, which is ultimate aim of education. training refers to the acqu

10、isition of skills and information, which is part of education, but not the most essential part;,para. 2-3 - inert ideas are not only useless but even harmful to education schools of learning, overladen with inert ideas, exhibit pedantryand routine. women, who are uneducated and thus not infected wit

11、h inert ideas, are the more cultured part of their community. intellectual revolutions fail to have the desired effect whey they, in their turn, bind humanity with inert ideas of their own fashion.,para. 4 - two educational commandments do not teach too many subjects. what you teach, teach thoroughl

12、y. para. 5 - ideas should be combined and put into application,para. 6 - the understanding provided by the literary side of education: the joining of ideas whitehead emphasize the importance of the present. the present is where ideas are connected; it is the hall of meeting for all the past saints a

13、nd the point of departure of the future.,para. 7- 8 - the understanding provided by the scientific side of education: the proof of ideas; proposition should be used in combination para. 9 - the relation between theory and utilization,three common notions,culture normally defined as education or a se

14、t of beliefs that shared by members of a community, is defined by whitehead as activity of thought, etc. in contrast with informedness, culture means the ability to think, to judge, and to create.,understanding not just logical analysis, but in the sense it is used in the french proverb “to understa

15、nd all is to forgive all.” prove not just to show the truth of some idea, but the worth of it.,the school bus driver heart attack and coma(昏迷) american children calm self-help,校车司机心脏病发昏迷 美国孩子镇定自救,driver,heart attack and coma,school bus,12 students,school bus,out of control,jeremy,two children,implem

16、entation heart pressing resuscitation (心脏按压急救术),bus driver,elective class,someone call the ambulance someone reported the most accurate location someone asked for the best heart disease emergency plan someone waved to passing bus to get help others placed a red warning light,two little doctors,emerg

17、ency physician,specialized training,team spirit training,my opinion,perhaps in our chinese teachers and parents opinion, to cultivate collectivism spirit in a simple game seems a bit “fantastic. in fact, we should recognize, shape some important spirit”, not necessary through the classroom or lectur

18、e, sometimes in the collective game can generate imperceptibly, but may also generate more naturally, more ingrained.,innovation,苏州教育改革的探索创新人才培养模式“伟长计划”the exploration of educational reform in suzhouthe pattern of cultivating innovative talents“weichang project”,weichang experimental class 伟长实验班,a b

19、rief introdution to“weichang project”,“伟长计划”是苏州中学为继承和发扬苏中杰出校友、科学家钱伟长“科学报国”的崇高精神发现和培育一流创新人才，在2011年制定的。目前，“伟长计划”已成功实施了两个项目，即“西安交通大学少年班苏州中学预科班高本硕八年一贯直通车”、“南京大学苏州中学匡亚明实验班2+4高中本科六年一贯直通车”。 为加快培养拔尖创新人才，作为全市唯一省“普通高中创新人才培养试点学校”的苏州中学，今年将实施“伟长计划”向下延伸方案，开办“伟长实验班”，招收市区应届优秀小学毕业生，探索初、高中衔接培养创新人才模式。 “伟长计划”有这样的特点：坚持系

20、统培养理念，努力构建小学、初中、高中、大学联合育才的人才培养体系;坚持因材施教，关注学生的特点和个性差异，开发个性化课程;坚持改革创新，探索基础教育段的学制改革，创新教育教学方法。,innovation of weichang experimental class,ideas of admission: the first time to recruit pupils leaving primary school in “weichang project”. a way to explore the education integration of middle and high school

21、. strengthen the relations between different parts of elementary education. break down the barriers between middle school education and university education. methods of selection: authorize the third party to test students quality excluding chinese, math and english. focus on the innovation ability.

22、 schemes of curriculum: formulated by the special-class teachers and the main force in suzhou academy of education science. systems of cultivation: two-year system & three-year system, based on students ability. say no to “one size fits all”.,weichang class interests thoughts values,other classes ob

23、jectives skills authority,getting rid of utilitarianism makes it possible for elementary education to lay a foundation of cultivating innovative talents. if middle school education is confined to the campus of middle school, it can not avoid the exam-orientation pattern. if the reform of university

24、education is confined to the campus of university, it can not avoid the war of looking for excellent students.,outweigh,doubts and questions towards weichang experimental class,headmaster recommendation: black-box operation. standards are not clear and unified. publicity of self-recommendation: many

25、 parents missed the application date. 713号公布，14、15号公开报名。 assessment papers: questions to test iq&eq . who is the third-party? unbalanced education resources.,fair transparent ?standard,the unfairness of “weichang class”,is “weichang class”a practice of teaching students in accordance of their aptitu

26、de or a shortcut for closely-related units? 有的孩子有鞋穿，有的孩子没鞋穿vs所有的孩子都穿一样大小的鞋 所有的孩子都有合适的鞋穿,class（阶层间） economy（经济收入） region（地区间）,unfairness,college entrance examination immigrants school district house,fair transparentstandard,to achieve the aim of education we come up with, we must ensure the following

27、 three points in admission :, which needs a joint effort of state, society and school. “weichang class” is the pioneer of suzhous educational reform. doubts and questions are inevitable. shortcomings and deficiencies should be pointed out.,the current situation of the education system of china,intro

28、duction 2. issues and problems 3. our opinions,2.1 inappropriate 2.2 imbalance 2.3 teachers 2.4 text books,a. introduction of education system of china,in china the education system is divided in to three stages: basic educational period higher educational period adult educational period the compuls

29、ory education law stipulates thateach childhave nine years of formal education.,b. issues and problems,1. inappropriate 1.1 doesnt fit childrens thinking mode it is known to all that the character of childrens thinking mode is mainly intuitive but the overall goal of present educational system is to

30、 develop childrens logical thinking. the ability of being logical should be trained but i dont think this is the right stage.,i can give you an example. each of us could remember that during the period when we were little kids, we would be deeply moved by the slightest emotional fluctuation. childho

31、ods are sensitive and this is human nature. actually this kind of sensitivity which we usually ignore is as important as logic. the sensitivity is the source of inspiration which is the spark for poets as well as scientists. lets imagine that if newton were a stiff man was there any tiny possibility

32、 that he would pay attention to a fallen apple we havent realized the value of this sensitivity but it doesnt mean it is not a mistake.,1.2 neglect the importance of mental health psychologically speaking childrens nervous system and the function of their brain are not mature. so if adults arbitrari

33、ly train kids abstract thinking logic and so-called analytical ability which they can hardly achieve or even endure at such a young age they might be mentally damaged. the videos of maltreating animals can be searched on internet but the most astonishing part is that some of the murders are “naive”

34、kids. furthermore, campus sinister gangs have emerged in some schools. this is absolutely evidence showing there is something wrong with our education. knowledge dissemination(传播) is definitely not the ultimate goal of education. a regular student should also be a man with healthy humanity and perso

35、nality.,1.3 exam-oriented education purpose under the so-called quality-oriented education score is still the only pursuit and entrance test of junior middle school remains as the nightmare for most students.,2. imbalance: 2.1 regional developed regions usually in east of china possess abundant teac

36、hing materials, advanced teaching appliances, qualified teachers and valuable resources. but the situation is much different in undeveloped areas. even basic education facilities are not sufficient and other problems like shortage of qualified teachers still exist.,2.2 economical presently in some c

37、ities especially in shanghai and beijing, numerous bilingual primary school or kindergartens have been established. they possess best education facilities, most qualified teachers and advanced teaching theories. so the quality of education they provide is far beyond the average level, but for most w

38、orking-class the tuition are too expensive to afford. it causes a contradiction. every citizen is entitled with right of receiving education by law but the quality of education everyone enjoys is different.,3. teachers 3.1 lack of psychological knowledge and humane care childhoods mood is intuitive

39、but delicate and fragile as well. teachers should have the sense of protecting it when students make mistakes. they shouldnt insult their students no matter how angry they are. besides, in most circumstances, children dont intend to make mistakes. maybe they just cant realize it is a mistake. maybe

40、they are not capable of doing it right or maybe they want to be concerned by making mistakes. they never want to hurt anyone. even if they really do something bad, it is teachers obligation to find out the reason and get rid of the wrong condition, just as ancient chinese saying goes: teachers is ob

41、liged to transmit wisdom, impart knowledge and resolve doubts.,3.2 do not acquire comprehensive knowledge system towards what they teach they cant concisely teach the most essential points of the learning materials with high efficiency to students and they just teach separate and scattered knowledge

42、 without the ability to set up a comprehensive structure. it would probably cause a negative consequence that the knowledge students are being taught are superficial and without academic depth. so when students enter a higher degree, like from primary school to middle school, most of them have to sp

43、end a lot of time and energy to overcome the barrier.,3.3 the traditional chinese teaching style (teacher-centered) needs to be improved it has much to do with the status of confucian culture as well as the hierarchical nature(等级制度) of chinese society. the teacher is the “absolute authority” in chin

44、ese classroom usually they just focus on what they teach and pay little attention to the feedbacks of their students and have no sense to coordinate the teaching method or materials promptly according to students response. this is harmful to teaching efficiency.,4. text books teaching materials are

45、inflexible, out-dated and over-difficult dont satisfy with childrens needs neglect the importance of imagination and their sensitivity towards beauty,our opinions,the purpose of chinese education: education for all-round development efforts should be made to deepen educational reform and promote the

46、 quality-oriented education in all-round way. students should be encouraged to foster a spirit of innovation, develop their practical abilities and improve in an all-round way in terms of their moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic development.,ideal educational system: shouldnt be so utilita

47、rian, also realize the value of imagination and sensitivity, and aim to preserve these characters. and also try to let the educational achievement be shared by all citizens and government should put efforts to eliminate the imbalance between the east and west at least.,reform the education system in three parts,firstly, we should change the purpose of education into setting a modern education system. accordi