亨利菲尔丁PPT

1、,Father of the English Novel,Fielding, Henry,Brief Introduction about the author,Fielding, Henry (1707-1754), English novelist, playwright, and barrister, who, with his contemporary Samuel Richardson, established the English novel tradition. Fielding was born at Sharpham Park, Somerset, and educated

2、 at Eton College (between 1719 and 1725) and in law at the Leiden University.,Brief Introduction about the author,Brief Introduction about the author,Miscellanies (3 volumes, 1743) Two volumes of political journalism: The True Patriot (1745) and The Jacobites Journal (1747) The History of Tom Jones,

3、 a Foundling (1749) in the picaresque (以流浪汉和无赖为题材的) tradition, involving the adventures and misadventures of a roguish hero Amelia (1751),Brief Introduction about the author,In 1752 he returned to political writing as publisher of the periodical The Covent Garden Journal. However, illness forced him

4、 to relinquish his post as magistrate in 1753.,Brief Introduction about the author,菲尔丁自身生活非常穷苦，那就是他为什么同情贫穷和不幸，在他的小说中与社会不公和政治腐败抗争。作为一个受教育的人，他相信文学的教育作用。他分享了同一时代的英国启蒙思想家的观点，小说的目的不仅是搞笑，而是指导作用。小说的目标是展现生活的忠实的图片，“人类方式的翻版”，教他们的纹路，以至教人们如何了解他们自己，他们正常和适合的方式。,His works:,His famous plays: The Coffee House Politi

5、cian (1730)咖啡店政客 The Tragedy of Tragedies (1730)悲剧中的悲剧 Pasquin 讽刺诗(1736) The Historical Register for the Year历史记事 His Novels: Joseph Andrews 约瑟夫.安德鲁 The History of Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人乔纳森.维尔德传 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 弃婴汤姆琼斯的故事 Amelia阿尔米亚,Writing Techniques and Style,His method of

6、 relating a story: It may be told in a series of letters; It may be put in the mouth of the principal character; It may be told directly by the author.,Writing Techniques and Style,His two kinds of satires: 1.humorous satire (the lighter kind of satire)-seems the best way to get rid of the follies o

7、f the general public. 2. grim严酷 satire-is used to lash the cardinal evils of the corrupt ruling class. (Jonathan Wild the Great),Achievement in English novel,Fielding has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. O

8、f all the eighteenth-century novelists, he was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose（散文体喜剧史诗）,” the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.,Achievement in English novel,Before him, the relating of a story in a novel was either

9、 in the epistolary（书信的） form (a series of letters), as in Richardsons Pamela, or the picaresque （传奇式流浪冒险的）form (adventurous wanderings) through the mouth of the principal character, as in Defoes Robinson Crusoe,Achievement in English novel,Fielding adopted “ the third-person narration,” in which the

10、 author becomes the “all-knowing God.” He “thinks the thought” of all his characters, so he is able-to present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same tim

11、e keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.,Achievement in English novel,His language is easy, unlabored （自然的，流利的）and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm, and his structure carefully planned towards an ine

12、vitable ending. His works are also noted for lively, dramatic dialogues and other theatrical devices such as suspense, coincidence and unexpectedness.,菲尔丁被认作是“英国小说之父”，因为他对现代小说形式建立的贡献。他是在理论和实践上第一个开始的十八世纪的所有小说家，特别是写了“散文体喜剧史诗”，给了现代小说以结构和方式。在他之前，小说相关的故事理查德逊的帕梅拉为代表的书信形式（一系列的信件），或者是或者是通过主要人物的讲述，例如笛福的鲁宾逊漂流

13、记的传奇式流浪冒险的形式。但是菲尔丁采纳“第三人称叙述“，在这里面作者变为“无所不知的神”。他所有的人物都思考思想，因此他能够不仅展现他们外部的行为，而且也展现他们头脑的内部作品。在他的故事中，他试图保持古典作品的史诗形式，但是同时对像他的现实展现。他的语言是容易的，流利的和熟悉的，但是极度灵活和有力的。他的句子是以罗技和韵律为标记，他的结构仔细地指向必然的结尾。他的作品也是以灵活的，戏剧的对话和其他的例如悬念，一致而出乎意外。,Achievement in English novel,The Themes,In his works Fielding strongly criticized s

14、ocial relations in the contemporary England. Aristocrats and men set in authority embody all the evils; they persecute the heroes and obstruct their every move and action. His positive characters are always people with natural, unperverted feelings.,The Theme,Fielding shows the 18th century love of

15、satire. He hates that hypocrisy which tries to conceal itself under a mask of morality. In the evolution of the plots of his novels, he invariably puts such characters in positions which tear away their mask. He displays almost savage pleasure in making them ridiculous.,Tom Jones,the plot the theme

16、writing skills the influence,Example:,The list of Main Characters and the Relationships,Squire Allworthy,Squire Western,Bridget Allworthy,Captain Blifil,Tom Jones,Sophia Western,Honour,Miss Western,Benjamin Partridge Jenny Jones即Mrs. Waters Lord Fellamar Lady Bellaston,Mr. Summer,Master Blifil,Black

17、 George Seagrim Molly Seagrim,Roger Thwackum Thomas Square,Squire Allworthy was a benevolent gentleman of Somersetshire who lived with his sister Bridger Allworthy. One day, after he returned from London three months later, he found a baby in his bed, and named him Tom Jones.,Squire Allworthy doubte

18、d that Jenney Jones who was the servant of school master Partridge was Toms mother. Jenney did know who was the babys mother, but as she received a sum of money from the woman, so she had to admit she was the one, and Squire sent her to another place. As Partridge had relation with Jenney, so people

19、 doubt he was Toms father, and he was also driven away.,Later, Bridger married Captain Blifl, and had a son called Blifl. After the death of Captain Blifl, they lived with Squire, and Squire also claimed Blifl as his heir. Tom was naughty but kind and honest in nature, in contrast, Blifl was hypocri

20、sy and selfish, but he pretended to be modest and respectful before Squire.,Roger Thwackum and Thomas Square were their tutors. Because of Blifls position, they stood with Blifl and oppressed Tom. Squire Western had a beautiful daughter named Sophia. The three youngsters always played together. Soph

21、ia and Tom fell in love with each other. As Tom always came to visit George Seagrim, the gamekeeper猎场看守人, he also fell in love with Georges second daughter Molly, and they had a relation. But at the same time, Molly also dated with Square, so Tom renounced with Molly.,At the same time, Sophia fell f

22、rom a horse, and Tom rescued her. As a result, they were much more closely than before. For the reason of fortune, Blifl pursuit Sophia, too. To get rid of Tom, he called his two tutors to speak ill of Tom before Allworthy. At last, Tom was driven away from home. Mrs. Western tried to make a match b

23、etween Sophia and Blifl. To refuse her marrriage, Sophia escaped to London with her maid Mrs. Honour.,On the other hand, Tom met Partridge, and travelled together. One day, the rescued a lady named Mrs. Water, and she was Jenney in fact. Tom sent her to a hotel, and was tempted by her. At the same t

24、ime, Sophia and her maid arrived the hotel, and heard the scandal. With a note to Tom, she left angrily.,Later Tom tried to find Sophia, but he was foiled by another lady Bellaston. She gave him material support, and they had a relation. Lady Bellaston knew Sophia love Tom, so she tried to make a ma

25、tch between Sophia and Lord Fellamar. The lord even use unlawful way to try to persuade Sophia. Fortunately, Sophia was rescued by her father.,To escape from Lady Bellaston, he wrote a letter for marriage. Expectedly, she refused, so Tom got the excuse to cut the relation with her. Angrily, Lady Bel

26、laston colluded with Lord Fellamar, and sent Tom to prison. Blifl bribed the lawyer and claimed Tom a murderer. Finally, Square confessed to Allworthy Blifls bad thing, and with other help, Tom was rescued. In fact, Tom was Bridgers son. Allworthy reclaimed Tom as his heir, and Squire Weatern agreed

27、 the marriage of Tom and Sophia.,Originally entitled The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling, the book tells the story of the title character from infancy through his marriage to the beautiful and virtuous Sophia Western, the pursuit of whom takes up much of the tale. Along the way, Fielding relentles

28、sly satirizes the hypocrisy and vanity of most of his supporting cast.,He shows that the lusty rascal Tom is, in fact, an infinitely better human being than the vicious pretenders who surround him and scheme against him while camouflaged in a thin veneer of artificial virtue. The hero overcomes not

29、only all external plots and obstacles but, most importantly, his own weaknesses of character, to win both love and fortune .,Writing Techniques of Tom Jones,Tom Jones is a picaresque novel 流浪汉小说/流浪汉冒险记satirical and depicts in realistic and often humorous detail the adventures of a roguish hero of low social