中国科学院 考博真题 英语 2005 10B 含答案详解

1、硕士博士之家硕士博士之家 QQ：245044301 中国科学院 博士研究生入学考试 英语试卷 2005 年 10 月(B 卷) 考生须知： 一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。试卷一为 客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用非机读答题纸。 二、请考生一律用 HB 或 2B 铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸，画线不得过细或过短。 修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别，责任由 考生自负。请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。答题纸切忌折叠。 三、全部考试时间总计 180 分钟，满分为 100 分。时间及分值分布如下： 试卷

2、一： 词汇 15 分钟 10 分 完形填空 15 分钟 15 分 阅读 80 分钟 40 分 小计 110 分钟 65 分 试卷二： 英译汉 30 分钟 15 分 写作 40 分钟 20 分 小计 70 分钟 35 分 THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR DOCTORAL CANDIDATES October 2005(B) PAPER ONE PART VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each) Directions: Choose the

3、word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 1. Many people believe reckless drivers are treated too . A. hardly B. tenderly C. leniently D

4、. friendly 2. After more than two hours of heated argument, the judge adjourned the until next Tuesday. A. gathering B. hearing C. meeting D. suing 3. The dog was so that his master hung a weight from his neck. A. suspicious B. miserable C. mischievous D. spoiled 4. She was repairing Billys trousers

5、, where the had come undone. A. edge B. seam C. line D. rim 5. About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a law of classical chemistry that chemical reaction rate temperature. 硕士博士之家硕士博士之家 QQ：245044301 A. relates.to B. regards. as C. represents.by D. contributes.to 6. She

6、 had resolved not to make any to their marriage unless he raised the question. A. allusion B. assumption C. inflammation D. inclusion 7. Our flagrant disregard for the law attacks the of this society. A. layer B. essence C. foundation D. framework 8. He who permits himself to tell a lie once, finds

7、it much easier to do it a second and a third time until it becomes habitual. A. at once B. at length C. at end D. at times 9. You solemnly advised them so as to return them to your law, but they behaved and did not obey your commandments. A. presumptuously B. presumptively C. profoundly D. presumabl

8、y 10. The government was forced to extra funds for the new airport. A. leave off B. sign away C. set aside D. hold up 11. After the vocal concert, the clean-up crew found the campus with candy wrappers, bottles and cans. A. covered B. scattered C. dispersed D. littered 12. The firemen came to their

9、soon after they received the emergency call. A. safeguard B. security C. safety D. rescue 13. The architect must respond to the cultural concerns of society and pay attention to the functional and aesthetic aspect of the buildings. A. at large B. at heart C. at most D. at best 14. The earthquake was

10、 followed by two shakings. A. attached B. consistent C. successive D. precedent 15. The sugar plant was forced to 1,100 black workers because people in the US and Canada would not buy South African products. A. let down B. lay off C. wipe out D. take on 16. If you insist on carrying out this mad exp

11、eriment, you will have to the consequences. A. run into B. choke back C. bear out D. answer for 17. The advancement of ironworking in the United States put an end to this menace, much to the of both passengers and railroad employees alike. A. discontent B. dismay C. relief D. glory 18. All of you wi

12、ll be wise to remember that Miss Trunchbull deals very severely with anyone who gets in this school. A. off the track B. out of standard C. out of line D. off focus 19. Dismissals are likely to be fair that the employer can show a good business reason for the move and that adequate consultation took

13、 place. A. so B. for C. viewing D. provided 硕士博士之家硕士博士之家 QQ：245044301 20. This has been forwarded to us “in ”by the FBI and you are asked to treat the information accordingly. A. confidence B. mystery C. dark D. express PART CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) Directions: For each blank in the follow

14、ing passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. To its fans, it is addictive. To the media, it is a promising money-maker. Sudoku, an old puzzle long

15、 popular in Japan is fast 21 popularity the world over. In Britain, a sudoku book is a bestseller and national newspapers are competing 22 to publish the most, and the most fiendish, puzzles. 23 , the puzzle is being published in newspapers from Australia to Croatia to America. Even the New York Tim

16、es is considering introducing sudoku in its Sunday magazine, 24 its venerated crossword. The games 25 is that its roles are as simple as its solution is complex. On a board of nine-by-nine 26 most of them empty, players must fill in each one with a number 27 each row (left to fight), column (top to

17、bottom) and block (in bold lines) 28 1 to 9. Advanced 29 use bigger boards or add letters from the alphabet. Sudokuthe Japanese word combines “number” and “single”seems perfectly 30 to modern times, a puzzle for an era when people are more 31 than literate. And like globalism itself, sudoku transcen

18、ds borders by 32 no translation. The overall 33 of puzzles is hard to measure but revenues in America from magazines, syndicated newspaper sales, books, and online and phone services are almost $ 200m annually. The New York Times earns millions of dollars a year from its crosswords and hundreds of t

19、housands 34 a special phone service that provides 35 . Over 30,000 people pay $35 a year for the newspapers e-mail version. 21. A. missing B. starting C. losing D. gaining feverishly heless ntradiction ludes asible g ookings 22. A. casually B. randomly C. pretentiously D. 23. A. Consequently B. Mean

20、while C. Eventually D. Nevert 24. A. except B. alongside C. aside D. besides 25. A. drawback B. imagination C. appeal D. co 26. A. points B. cubes C. boxes D. squares 27. A. so that B. in that C. by that D. for that 28. A. completes B. contains C. counts D. conc 29. A. books B. copies C. rules D. ve

21、rsions 30. A. suited B. convertible C. switched D. fe 31. A. literary B. numerous C. numerate D. confused 32. A. acquiring B. requiring C. requesting D. enquirin 33. A. drawback B. business C. design D. difficulty 34. A. from B. of C. with D. by 35. A. pins B. codes C. hints D. b PART READING COMPRE

22、HENSION 硕士博士之家硕士博士之家 QQ：245044301 Section A(60 minutes, 30 points) Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or imagine a large city without policemen, but such was the situation in e peace. The position of constable was ieves were the receivers of stolen property

23、, who had s against Wild had he not been so useful e early part of the 18th century incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.

24、Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Passage One It is hard to London in the early part of the eighteenth century. There was no organized police force to apprehend criminals. There were public watchmen, but they were genera

25、lly feeble old men, unfit for more strenuous assignment. There were also constables appointed to keep th an honor, given only to trustworthy men. The constable was unpaid, however. It was part of the constables duty to raise the “hue and cry” after an escaping eriminal. On hearing the hue and cry al

26、l passers-by were supposed to join in the pursuit, but in practice, not many passers-by could be persuaded to help. It was too dangerous a task, and the constable was unarmed. Working behind most of the th organized the thieves and rogues into gangs. One gang robbed on the main roads into London, on

27、e covered the churches, and one covered entertainments and public functions. One of the most notorious receivers, Jonathan Wild, set up a special brigade that would find employment as servants and then pilfer from the household or open the doors at night for other robbers to enter. He had a staff of

28、 mechanics for altering watches and jewelry, warehouses to store the loot, and a sloop to convey certain stolen goods to the Continent, where they could be sold in safety. The authorities might have taken stronger step as a thief taker. He knew every criminal, as he employed most of them himself. Wh

29、enever it suited his purpose, he would hand a man over to the authorities for hanging. This also provided Wild with a very effective means of controlling his men. Everyman knew that if he disobeyed the boss he would be betrayed and would quickly find himself on the gallows. It was novelist Henry Fie

30、lding, who was also a London magistrate, who finally thought of equipping regular patrols with arms and uniforms and sending them out to police the streets of London. His half brother, Sir John Fielding, organized these first “patrols.” At first these groups were financed by rich citizens, who were

31、willing to pay for their security, but later they were taken over by the government. The Fieldings “patrols” became a real police force. 36. The first constables in London in th were . A. respected citizens B. paid officials nd cry because they were C. old people D. professional policemen 37. Most p

32、assers-by did not join in the hue a. tion A. on the criminals side B. afraid of dangers C. not so quick in reaction D. used to the situa 38. Wild made money by . 硕士博士之家硕士博士之家 QQ：245044301 A. solving cases of theft B. searching for lost property s property himself C. commanding robbers and thieves D.

33、 stealing people 39. Wild organized a special group to . A. help him take care of housework B. dispose watches and jewelry C. dispose unwanted items D. commit burglary 40. The authorities let Wild alone because . olice force when he A. he sometimes turned wanted criminals over to them B. his turn of

34、 being dealt with had not yet come C. no one was brave enough to go after him D. he bribed the officials all the time 41. Henry Fielding got the idea for a p. ossible to sum up trends in American art with a few proper phrases helpful to look more closely at the idea of “American art.” of American ar

35、t today. The massive sculpture set on a public square. Now A. wrote a detective novel B. served as an official C. once helped a victim D. received private funding Passage Two Once it was p “abstract, gestural painting” could have served at one point, or “return to figuration” at another. Today it is

36、 much more difficult to identify the dominant approach with anywhere near this kind of precision. In part, this is because art has changed, in part because the world has changed. Nevertheless, I believe that there are sets of tendencies that art today is following. But first of all, it might be This

37、 apparently simple category is actually much more complex than it appears. The conviction that there is such a thing as “American style” painting or sculpture that reflects some typically “American” quality was once an absolute belief of modernist art criticism. Today, however, “American art” is no

38、longer a simple matter of geography, national origin, or point of view. Instead, the globalization of markets, the ease of international communication, and the movement of artists from one country to another have all contributed to an art world without firm concepts of national identity. It is commo

39、n for artists to list multiple countries as their home. This fluidity is an important element in any discussion evaporation of the borders between nations, at least in the field of art, mirrors the disappearance of all kinds of other boundaries as well. Hardly anyone worries about the unique charact

40、eristics of painting and sculpture any more. Just as artists move around the globe, they jump effortlessly across media, producing work that simultaneously incorporates not only traditional materials but also digital technology, photography, performance, music, film, and video. Similarly, “public ar

41、t” once meant a public art is just as likely to appear on the Internet or to involve small groups of community members working together on a project of local interest. Equally changed is the old idea that art should confine itself to its own sphere. Artists today incorporate science, politics, relig

42、ion, architecture, and ecology into their work and hope to have impact that stretches far beyond the gallery walls. 硕士博士之家硕士博士之家 QQ：245044301 42. By mentioning “return to figuration”, the author shows that . American art A. we were able to identify the tendencies of American art in the past B. figur

43、ation is the solution to the problem with American art C. American art is repeating its history D. figuration will become the characteristics of 43. Compared with the past, it is now more difficult to . A. produce characteristic art works B. discover devoted artists C. present art works to the publi

44、c D. characterize American art 44. In the past, “American art” . A. was a variable concept B. was an explicit concept C. was not widely acknowledged abroad days artists often D. was not properly practiced by artists 45. The second paragraph implies that to. lpture together, the author implies that p

45、eople A. take pride in holding exhibitions in America B. stress the commercial value of their art work C. prefer to live in foreign countries D. have variable national conceptions 46. By mentioning painting and scu believe . A. they are causing controversy ir traditions works by means of B. they are

46、 becoming popular C. there is no need to tell them apart D. it may be necessary to preserve the 47. The passage tells us that todays artists produce. ies? . phere. d his wife, Hazel, stopped using the motor home they bought several a lot of A. becoming good photographers B. changing the definition o

47、f fluidity C. creating boundaries D. applying various media 48. What can be learned about artists in modern societ A. They hope to expand the world of art. B. They are eager to promote art in streets C. They regard technology as their most important tool. D. They believe that art should confine itse

48、lf to its own s Passage Three Charles Paul an years ago; it sits idle behind their house in Richardson, Texas. Travel is just one sacrifice they made to pay for the cost of their prescriptions, more than a dozen medications for the two of them. They found relief by switching drugstores, to one in ne

49、arby McKinney. A prescription for Pauls diabetes had cost $89.88 when he got it from a national chain but dropped down to $58 from McKinneys Smith Drug. Smith, which claims to be the oldest drugstore in Texas, has been getting attention since a Dallas newspaper touted its astoundingly low prices. Th

50、e overwhelming response from the public has been “a little scary,” says co-owner Kaylei Mosier. She says the store simply marks each prescription up enough to cover its costs, but for many prescriptions thats a lot lower than at other stores. 硕士博士之家硕士博士之家 QQ：245044301 The Smith Drug story has highli

51、ghted a little-known fact: prescription prices vary from irector of the Maryland Pharmacists e. If people price-shop, d for long because city to city and block to block, and a little research can save consumers hundreds or thousands of dollars. Insurance copays can make these differences invisible,

52、but theyre a huge deal to the 45 million uninsured Americans. Why the price swings? Howard Schiff, executive d Association, explains that pharmacies generally buy their drugs from a wholesaler, who doesnt sell to every drugstore at the same price. Once the drug is in the pharmacy, each owner chooses

53、 how much to mark it up. Because fewer than 10 percent of consumers comparison-shop for prescriptions the way they might for a quart of milkand drug prices generally are not advertisedpharmacies dont worry that higher prices will drive people away，says Stanford economist Alan Scorensen. There is a d

54、ownside to hopping from drugstore to drugstor theyre going to lose some protection that comes from having one pharmacy track all your medications. Going to many pharmacies keeps one pharmacist from noticing potentially harmful interactions between prescriptions. Comparison-shopping is further compli

55、cated because pharmacies that have the best price on one drug dont usually have the lowest prices across the board, so finding a good price on one drug at a pharmacy does not guarantee a cheaper total bill. 49. Charles and his wife havent travele. ission as, Smith, A. their motor home was not in goo

56、d condition B. they wanted to save for medicines C. they have been too weak to do so D. they didnt get their doctors perm 50. We learn that the oldest drugstore in Tex. after a news report hop for drugs. igher price than others because A. surprises people when its low prices are reported B. sells pr

57、escriptions at a prices below their costs C. is an unprofitable business D. had many scared customers 51. Who may care LEAST about the varied prices? A. Those who are uninsured. B. Those who are insured. C. Those who comparison-s D. Those doing research in drugstores. 52. Some drugstores can sell dr

58、ugs at a h. rs h refers to A. people may have more choices over the same product B. not many people know the price differences C. some drugstores spend more on ads than othe D. drugs were bought from different wholesalers 53. The word “downside” used in the last paragrap. ping A. the poor service in tracking medications B. the trend of reducing drug prices C. the popularity of comparison-shop D. the drawback of switching drugstores Passage Four 硕士博士之家硕士博士之家 QQ：245044301 Just when I thought Id e