外贸基础英语

1、外贸人，学外贸英语常用缩写：qtyquantity数量qtdquoted引述，报价ql/tyquality质量，品质qrquarter四分之一qstnquestion问题qtquart夸脱quequote报价quotnquotation报价单rare是rcntrecent最近rcvd;recdreceived收悉recptreceipt收到，收据refreference参考relatnsrelations关系reprepresentative代表reqrmtsrequirements要求rgdregistered已登记，挂号rgdsregards此致rgrtregret遗憾，抱歉r.i.re-

2、insurance再保险remream令rgdgregarding关于rmremittance汇款r.o.remittance order汇款委托书rptrepeat重复rqrrequire要求r.s.v.p.repondez sil vous plait敬候函复r.y.t.replying to your telegram回复贵电sshilling先令sis是$;ddollar美元sbsomebody某人s.c.see copy请阅副本schdlschedule计划s/dsight draft即期汇票sdysundries杂货sesecurities抵押品secsecretary秘书sept

3、september九月sgdsigned已签署shdbshould be应该shlbshall be将shipgshipping装船shiptshipment船货shipdshipped已装船systsystem系统s/nshipping note装船通知socsociety社会，协会s.o.s.save our ship求救信号specspecification规格sqsquare平方ss;s.s.steamship轮船ststreet街道s.t.short ton短吨stgsterling英国货币standstandard标准standgstanding站立sthsomething某事st

4、lstill仍然storstorage仓库费strsteamer轮船subjsubject须经，受支配sunsunday星期日szssize尺码tton吨t.a.telegraphic address电挂tdytoday今天tel nrtelephone number电话号码tktake取tksthanks感谢t.l.total loss全部损失thfrtherefore因此thurthursday星期四thruthrough通过t.m.o.telegraphic money order电汇tobto be是tomtomorrow明天tonntonnage吨数t.p.n.d.theft,pil

5、ferage & non-delivery盗窃提货不着险t/rtrust receipt信托收据trvltravel旅行t/ttelegraphic transfer电汇uyou你ultultimo上月ur;yryour你的urggurging催促ugturgent急迫vwe我们viaby way of经由vizvade licet,namely即vlwell我们将vol.volume卷，册，体积，量voyvoyage航海，航次v.p.vice president副社长，副经理，副总裁vrour我们的v.v.vice versa反之亦然wwith在一起w.a.with average水渍险wd

6、thwidth宽度whfwharf港口wkweek周wlwill将wlbwill be将w.r.war risk战争险wtweight重量w/outwithout没有wudwould将w/wwarehouse to warehouse仓之仓wzwith在一起x maschristmas圣诞节x.p.expres paye = extra message paid已另函奉上ydyard码yryear,your年，你的sterling,stg英镑$dollar,usd美元#number,no.,nr.号数，编号&and,n和360360degrees360度at单价=is equal to,equ

7、als等于+plus加-minus减g.s.w.gross shipping weight装船毛重g.t.gross ton总吨数gvgive给hhdhogshead大桶hkhank;hong kong一卷，一束，香港h.m.hectometre百米h.o.head office总行，总公司honhonorable阁下hrshours小时hs.has有htheight高度hundhundred百hvhave有hvbhave been是i/cinward collection进口托收ididem = the same同样i.e.idest = that it就是impimport进口imptnt

8、important重要ininch英寸incincorporated股份有限公司infminform通知info;infmtninformation通知，消息inqinquire询问inspinspection检验instinstant本月份instrctninstruction指导insurinsurange保险intinterest利息intlinternational国际的intrsedinterested感兴趣invinvoice发票invtinventory存货清单iotin order to以便i.o.ui owe you欠条i/pinsurance policy保险单i/rinw

9、ard remittance汇入ississue发行ititem项目i.t.o.international trade organization国际贸易组织j.a.joint account共同账户janjanuary一月jtjoint共同kgkilogramme公斤kilokilometre公里lbpound磅l/aletter of authorization授权书lbpound英镑l/cletter of credit信用证l.d.tel.long-distance telephone长途电话l/gletter of guarantee保证书ltletter信l.t.long ton长吨

10、ltd;ldlimited有限l/uletter of undertaking承诺书mmetre/mile公尺/英里m/a;m.acct.myaccount本公司账目marmarch三月maxmaximum最大m/dmonths after date若干月后付款mdmemadame夫人memomemorandum备忘录messremessieurs先生（复数）mfd.manufactured制作的mfr.manufacturer厂商m.i.marine insurance海险minminimum最低mkmark马克mktmarket市场m.m.merchant marine商船m.o.mone

11、y order, mail order邮政汇票，邮函订购monmonday星期一mrmister先生mrsmistress夫人m.s.motorship轮船m/smonths after sight见票后若干月msgmessage电文m/tmail transfer信汇m.t.metric ton公吨mtgmortgage抵押mtrmatter事情mustbmust be必须m.v.motor-vessel发动机船nand和navnavigation航海n.b.nota bene(n.b.) = take notice注意n.c.net capital净资本额negonegotiate谈判ne

12、t pnet proceeds纯利，净收nilnothing无nonumber号novnovember十一月n/pno payment拒绝付款nrnumber号n.wtnet weight净重nxtnext下一个pctper cent百分比obldobliged感谢objobject反对o/coutward collection出口托收ocour cable我电octoctober十月odoverdraft透支odrorder订单ofroffer报盘o.k.all correct全对on a/con account挂账，记账o.p.open policy预定保单optnoption选择o/ro

13、utward remittance汇出ot,otlxour telegram, our telex我电，我电传ppage页p/aprocurement authorization采购授权书paytpayment付款patpatent专利pcpiece个，件pclparcel小包p.c.per centum百分比pdpaid已付per annper annum = by the year每年p.i.proforma invoice形式发票p.& i.production and indemnity意外险pkgpackage包裹（件）p.& lprofit and loss盈利和亏损plsplea

14、se请plsdpleased高兴plsurpleasure愉快p.m.post meridiem = afternoon下午p.m.o.postal money order邮政汇票p/opayment order支付汇票p.n.promissory note期票p.o.post office,postal order邮局，邮政汇票p.o.purchase order订单p.o.b.post office box邮政信箱p.o.c.port of call停泊港p.o.d.pay on delivery发货付款p.o.r.payable on receipt收货付款pppages页ppdprep

15、aid已预付prpair, price双/对，价格prblmproblem问题prcprice价格prdctnproduction生产prefpreferred优先偿付prempremium保险费prespresident会长，董事长prevprevious以前的probprobably或许prdctproduct产品promotgpromoting促进prxprice价格p.s.post script附言pstnposition地位ptnpattern模具，花型p.t.o.please turn over阅读背面purchspurchase购买pymtpayment付款clclass;cla

16、use;clerk级，条款，职员cmcentimetre公分cmdtycommodity商品c.n.;c/ncredit note收款通知，货款清单cnclcancel撤销cnclsnconclusion结论，商定cnsdrtnconsideration考虑cntcontract合同，契约c.o.certificate of origin原产地证明书c/ocash order;care of现金订单，转交co;coycompany公司，商行c.o.d.cash on delivery付款交货collrcollector收款员com,comm,commncommission佣金con.inv.c

17、onsular invoice领事发票consgt,constconsignment委托销售，寄售cont,contrcontract合同，契约contgcontaining,continuing包括，内容，继续corpcorporation公司coopcooperation合作c/p;c.py.charter party租船契约c.p.acertified public accountant会计师crtcorrect正确，修正cr;credcredit贷方cstmrscustomers客户ctgecartage搬运费cubcubic立方cudcould能curr;cur;curtcurren

18、t流通的，现行的curr acctcurrent account往来账目，活期存款c.w.o.cash with order随订单付现cycurrency货币droman500罗马数字500d/adocuments against acceptance承兑交单d.a.debit advice欠款报单d/adays after acceptance承兑后若干日交单dbledouble加倍dbtdebt,debit借，借方d/d d.d.demand draft即期汇票de.;defdeferred延迟debdebenture退税证明书debtdebtor借方decdecember十二月decsn

19、decision决定descvdecisive决定性的degdegree等级，程度delydelivery交货demdemurrage延期费depdeposit,deputy存款，代理dept;dptdepartment部，科，处developgdeveloping发展d.f;d.frtdead freight空舱费disthis这个disapntddisappointed失望drtdraft汇票diadiameter直径diffdifference差额，剩余dirdirector董事dis;disc;disctdiscount折扣distdistrict地区divdividend红利，股息d

20、.k;dkdock船坞，码头dlsdoliars元dltday letter telegram书信电dmdecimetre公寸d/ndebit note欠款通知单，借方帐d/o;d.o.delivery order提货单do;dtoditto = the same同上docdocument文件doz,dzdozen打d/pdocuments against payment付款交单dpthdepth深度dis d.s.dys stdays after sight见票后若干日付款ds;dsdays若干日d.s.t.daylightsaving time夏令时dtldetail详细dup;dupld

21、uplicate副本，俩份durgduring在.期间d.w.dead weight自重，净重eaeach每一，各ecerror correction错误更正e.c.m.curopean common market欧洲共同市场ecomeconomy经济edit;ededition版e.g.ex.g.exempli gratia = for example例如elecelectricity电气e.m.f.electro-motive电动势enc;enclenclosure附件engengland,english英国entdentered入账e.& o.e.errors and omissions

22、 excepted（账单上所标注的）错漏除外eqequal,equivalent相同，同值esq;esqreesquire先生阁下et,al.et alii = and others及其他e.t.a.estimated time of arrival估计到达的时间etc.et cetera = and so forth等等e.t.d.estimated time of departure估计离开的时间eureurope欧洲evevery每一，各exceptnexception除外excyexcellency阁下exdexamined检查过ex divex dividend无红利expexpor

23、t,express,expenses出口，运送，费用exsexpenses费用extextra特别，额外ffahrenheit华氏f/a/a;f.a.a.free from all average分损不陪，全损赔偿f.a.q.fair average quality大路货f.a.s.free alongside ship船边交货价格f.b.freight bill运费单frfranc法郎f.& dfreight and demurrage运费及滞期费f.e.for example例如febfebruary二月f.g.a.free form general average共同海损不赔f.i.fo

24、r instance例如figfigure数字fin statfinancial statement财务报表fin stndgfinancial standing资产状况fin.yr.financial year会计年度f.i.t.free of income tax免所得税flws;flwfollows,follow如下fmfrom从f/oin favor of支付给，以为受益人的f.o.bfree on board船上交货价f.o.c.free on charge免费f.o.i.free of interest免息f.o.r.free on rail火车上交货价f.o.t.free on

25、truck卡车上交货价fo.vofilio verso = turn the page转下页f/pfire policy火灾保险单f.p.a.free from particular average平安险frfor为了frifriday星期五frndlyfreindly友好的frtfreight运费frt.ppd.freight prepaid运费已付ftfoot,feet英尺ft.in.feet and inches英尺与英寸fwdforwaro前面，接下页f.x.foreign exchange外汇g.a. g/ageneral average共同海损gal;gallgallon加仑gas

26、gasoline汽油gdgood好gdsgoods货物g/nguarantee of notes承诺保证gm;grmgramme,gram克grgross罗，毛gr.wt.gross weight毛重a.ar.;aaragainst all risks全险，综合险/td abvabove在.上面/td abtabout大约/td abbrabbreviation缩写/td abs,staabstract,statement摘要/td acacre英亩/td acctaccount;accountant账户，会计师a/c;acct curtaccount current账户，往来帐accacce

27、ptance;accepted接受acdg;acdglyaccording;accordingly按照，根据acptbleacceptable可接受的ackgt;ackmtacknowledgement承认，答谢，收贴acptcacceptance接受，承兑adjadjust调节advadvise通知ad.;advtadvertisement广告a.d.anno domini=since the birth of christ公元后a/dafter date发票后定期付款ad valaccording to the value按照价格admradministrator财产管理人a.f.b.ai

28、r freight bill空运提单afftaffidavit宣誓书aftafter之后aftnafternoon午后agtagent代理althoalthough虽然alwdallowed允许ambambassador大使amer;amernamerican美国，美国的a.m.ante meridiem;before noon上午ampampere安培amtamount金额ansanswer;answered复出；回复a/o;acc/oaccount of入某账户a/orand/or与/或a/pauthority to purchase委托购买证a.p.account payable应付账款

29、appappendix附录approxapproximately大约apl;aprapril四月a.r.;a/rall risks;account receivable全险；应收帐户argearrange安排arrarrival抵达arvdarrived到达arrngarrange安排arrtarrangement安排artarticale物品，项目asapas soon as possible尽快a/s;acc/saccount sales销货账单a/safter sight见票后ass;assnassociation联合，协会assmtassortment各色（物品）assimtassig

30、nment分配，转让asstassistant助理asstassistance援助，帮助asstdassisted受援助的at,to,from在，至，从att;attn;attnattention注意attyattorney代理人，律师auctauction拍卖augaugust八月aveavenue大街avlblavailable可供的a.w.all wool纯毛a/wactual weight实际重量awtgawaiting等候balbalance余额bankybankruptcy破产，倒闭barbarrel桶brargnbargain讨价还价b.bback-to-back account

31、对开账户b/bbill brought买入票据b.bbearer bond执票人债券b.cbefore christ,bill for collection公元前，托收票据bcozbecause因为b.d.;b.d.bill discounted,bank draft贴现票据，银行票据b/d.brought down接下页bdlbundle捆，束bdthbreadth宽度b/e;b.exbill of exchange汇票begbeing是b/fbrought forward承前页bf(r)before以前bgbag袋bizbusiness业务，生意bkbank;book银行；书，帐薄bkgb

32、anking银行业务bktvasket篓，篮bkrbanker银行家blbale包bldgbuilding建筑物，大厦b/lbill of lading提单b/n;b,n.bank note钞票，纸币b.o.buyers option,branch office买方选择权，分行b/obrought over结转bot;bottbottle瓶，罐b.p.;b/pbill purchased买入光票brbrand商标，牌b,britbritish,britain英国的，英国b rgdsbest regards问候brkgebrokerage经纪费，佣金b.s.;b/sbalance sheet资产

33、负债表，借贷对照表b/sbags,bales袋，包btnbetween之间bu.bush bshbushel蒲式耳ccentigrade摄氏ccent分captndcaptioned标题项下的c/s ca;cas;cscases箱c.a.c.credit advice收款报单c.a.d.cash against documents付现交单c.a.f.cost and freight运费在内（成本加）运费capcaptital资本，资金capt;cptcaptain船长carcarat克拉carr.pdcarriage paid运费已付cashcashier出纳员catcatalogue商品目录

34、c.b.cash book现金帐簿c/bclean bill光票cb.ft.cbft;cftcubic feet立方英尺c.b.d.cash before delivery付现后交货cu.cm.cubic centimetre立方厘米c.ccarbon copy抄送某人cent.cent,centrum百cert.;certifcertificate;certified证明书，证明cf.;cfr.confer比较，协商c.f.&c.cost,freight and commission运费佣金在内价（成本，运费加佣金）c.f.&i.cost,freight and insurance运费保险在

35、内价（成本，运费加保险价）cfmconfirm确认cgcentigramme厘克c.h.clearing house票据交易所cheqcheque支票chgescharges费用，税金chtchest箱子，柜子c.i.certificate of insurance保险单c&icost and insurance保险费在内价（成本，加保险费）cifcost,insurance,freight保险运费在内价（成本，运费加保险费）c.i.f.&ccost,insurance,freight & commission保险运费佣金在内价c.i.f.c.&i.cost,insurance,freight

36、,commisson & interest运费保险费佣金 利息在内价c.i.f.&ecost,insurance,freight & exchange运费保险汇费 在内价英语函电的语气-使语气自然的方法(1) 使用交谈式语言，尽量避免业务术语。 不用： re your letter of the 21st inst. , in connection with our account, we are remitting our check herewith, as per your request, in the amount of $100.00. 而用： as requested in yo

37、ur letter of the 21th june, we are enclosing our check for $100.00. (2) 在保持交谈式语句简明特点的同时，又要避免俚语或结构欠佳的语句。 不用： hello,this is charles fonda. im writing about the contract. mr. wu asked us to explain the new clause. 而用： we received a letter from mr.wu today asking us to explain the new clause in the cont

38、ract. (3) 使用读者词汇量范围以内的词语。有许多专门术语对普通读者来讲是不能理解的。因此，如果你觉得你的读者可能不明白，那就要加以解释，但是要巧妙，万万不得使用以恩人自居的语气。请比较下列两段中哪一段的词汇水平适当，而且解释得体。 a. in addition to the cash dividend, the board of directors of this corporation has decided to award common shareholders a stock dividend. one hundred fifty thousand shares will be

39、 distributed pro rata. since you own three hundred shares, you will receive three additional shares as your stock dividend. b. each year we declare cash dividends. cash dividends are sums of money which the board of directors of this corporation distributes to every shareholder of common stock. this

40、 year, in addition to the cash dividend, the board of directors has decided to declare a stock dividend. a stock dividend is like a cash dividend except that payment is in shares instead of cash. c. in addition to the cash dividend, the board of directors of this corporation has decided to declare a

41、 stock dividend to holders of common stock. one hundred fifty thousand shares will be distributed pro rata. this means that each stockholder will receive one additional share for each one hundred shares that he or she owns. since you own three hundred shares, you will receive three additional shares

42、 as your stock dividend.英语函电的语气-恰当语气的特点一封商业函电的语气反映了笔者对待读者的态度。如果函电中有一种亲切而充满合作之意的语气，它在建立令人满意的关系时就会起到很大作用，而这种关系在开展业务时十分重要。 如果笔者想达到自己的目的，除了用简洁明了的语言提供一切必要的情况之外，还要采取适当的语气。笔者的语气必要既切合实际情况，又切合自己的目的。一封语气不当的函电会产生意想不到的不良效果。请参看下列例证。 on the 6th maarch last we ordered 100 cartons of socks. we stressed the importan

43、ce of delivery by the 30th april at the latest. the socks have not yet been delivered nor has there been an acknowledgment of our order. please look into the matter at once and let us know when you expect to fill the order. 例文中使用的是一种命令式的语气，这种语气暗示了读者做错了事，这很难使读者配合。对这种不当的语气可以做如下的改进。 on the 6th march la

44、st we placed with you an order for 100 cartons of socks,stressing the importance of delivery by the 30th april. we have not received the socks,nor have we received an acknowledgment of our order. delay in receiving the socks is creating difficulties. since the matter is urgent, we will appreciate yo

45、ur advising us when we many expect to receive the shipment. (1) 自然：如果笔者使用读者熟悉的词语，函电就会显得自然，这样的函电才能收到良好的效果。一般来讲，交谈式的语言在写业务函电时是最理想的，因为这显得很自然。简而言之，像说话那样写。 比较： its operational deficiencies were attributed by the agency to a lack of personnel resulting form budget limitations. the agency said that it coul

46、d not do a good job because it did not have enough money to hire enough peple. (2) 友好：函电中对读者的问题表示关心，让读者感到函电中充满同情心，读后颇有裨益，觉得心中热乎乎。这样做十分重要。冷漠的语气可能会令人感到笔者对读者的利益漠不关心。请注意下列两句的区别。 we are obliged to inform you that the completion of processing your application has been postponed until the end of next week.

47、 we are sorry to have kept you waiting, but it has taken us more time than expected to process your application. we will have it completed by next friday. (3) 礼貌：写业务函电时务必注意礼貌。即使收到一封态度粗鲁、蛮不讲理的信时，也要以谅解的态度做出彬彬有礼的回答。提出批评，表示不赞同时一定要谨慎小心，让自己的语气充满关心和体谅，即使向对方提出责备时，也不要冒犯对方。 比较： the store received your credit

48、application form on time, but it was filled out incorrectly. as the form indicates, your signature should be written on the bottom of both pages, but you neglected to do this. you form is being returned to you for proper signing. thank you for returning your credit application form so promptly. however, we do need your signature on both pages. just sign on the second page at the bot