12 状语从句.ppt

1、12 状语从句,定义： 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,分类: 1.Adverbial Clause of Time（时间状语从句） 2.Adverbial Clause of Cause (原因状语从句） 3.Adverbial Clause of Condition(条件状语从句） 4.Adverbial Clause of Place (地点状语从句） 5.Adverbial Clause of Purpose (目的状语从句） 6.Adverbial Clause of Result（结果状语从句） 7.Adve

2、rbial Clause of Comparison（比较状语从句） 8.Adverbial Clause of Concession(让步状语从句） 9.Adverbial Clause of Manner(方式状语从句 ),Adverbial Clause of Time:（时间状语从句） 常用连接词： when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, every time, each time, the moment, by the time, immediately, the minute, the second 请注意

3、 when, while, as 的区别,when (1)当时候 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。例如：When I opened the window, I saw him come up. 注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。,(2)正在的时候，突然 。 通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。例如： I was walking along the street , when I met him.,(3)当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。例如： Some

4、one knocked at the door when I was having breakfast. When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.,(4) When=after 例如： When （After） the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.,(5) when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如： When the film ended, the peo

5、ple went back.,(6)可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since; considering that。如： It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes .,while (1)在期间 往往指一段时间。 例如： While we were in America, we saw him twice. While we were talking, he came in.,(2) while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。 如： Please

6、dont talk so loud while others are working.,(3) 表示一种不满情绪 意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。 例如： We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing football.,as (1)一边一边, 随着。例如：She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. (2)当时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。例如：As I was going out, it began to rain.,w

7、hen, while, as的用法区别 1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用while) 2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.,3表示“随着”，连词用as，不用when或while。如： As the election approache

8、d, the violence got worse. 4如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as 可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,before 一、含义 1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 3 Pl

9、ease write it down before you forget it. 4Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,二before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 三1）句型It will be/was一段时间before“还要过多久才”如：It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）句型It was not一段时间befo

10、re“不多久就”。如： It wasnt two years before he left the country.,after 在 之后 例如： The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.,since (1)自从, 通常主句用现在完成时。例如： I have never been there again since I graduated from the university. (2)句型It is一段时间since时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算

11、起。如：It is three years since she was in our class. 她来我们班有三年了。,as soon as 一就 Jack went to school as soon as he got well. no sooner than 刚就 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 注意： no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装,once 一旦就 Once you see him, you will never forget him. every time, each time 每次 whenev

12、er 每当 Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.,till, until和notuntil小结 1. until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如： We waited until he came. 2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns.,3till不可以置于句

13、首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.,Adverbial Clause of Reason(原因状语从句） because, as, since, now that和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词或词组都用于表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一

14、个弱.,because 因为, 通常从句放在主句后 Mr. Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage. as 因为, 通常放在句首 As he is honest and modest , all his friends like him.,since 既然,因语气较弱, 常译为既然 Since everybody has come, we can set off. now that 既然 Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.

15、,considering that 顾及到 Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. seeing that 由于 Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.,Adverbial Clause of Reason(原因状语从句） 规则1：because 表示直接的、必然的原因，不能与so连用。常用来回答why所提的问题。在强调句型中，若强调原因，只能用because，即I

16、t is because that；而for表示推理性的补充说明的原因，不能放在句首。 规则2：since 表示众所周知的原因，“既然”，常放在句首。 规则3：as 表示客观原因，“由于”，常放在句首。,规则4：now that 通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因，“既然” 。 规则5：when意为“既然”(有轻微的责备口吻) 。 规则6：in that从句，意为“原因是；因为” 。,Adverbial Clause of Condition(条件状语从句） if, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition that if 如

17、果 If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.,unless 如果不, 除非=if not We cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.= We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.,as long as 如果 We will succeed as long as we keep on trying. as (so) far as 据所知 As far as I know, he s

18、peaks English very well.,in case 假使, 如果 The plane cannot take off in case it rains. provided that 如果,有时省略 that The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.,on condition that 条件是 He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.

19、 注: 主从句的动作都发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。例如：If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.,Adverbial Clause of Place(地点状语从句） where, wherever where 在地方 Put the medicine where you can easily get it. wherever 无论哪里 He follows her wherever she goes.,Adverbial Clauses of Purpose(目的状语从句） that

20、, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest (so) that 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等 。 Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.,in order that 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。 School was closed early in order that the children

21、might go home ahead of the storm.,for fear that 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生) He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. lest 以防万一 The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.,Adverbial Clauses of Result (结果状语从句） 引导结果状语从句的连词有：that，so that，so.that.，such.that.。 在非正式语体中，由so

22、.that.，such.that.引导的句子中that可以省略。,so that 因而，以便，为了, 有时so 可以省去 Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you. so that 太以至于 ，so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that。 The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.,such that 太以至于，用法与sothat相同，但such 后面应用名词。 The foreign visitor was su

23、ch a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.,结果状语从句的几个句型： so adj./ adv. that。 so adj.a/an n. that。 so many/few/much/littlen.(可数名词复数或不可数名词)that。 such a/an adj. n. that。 such n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数)that,Adverbial Clause of Comparison (比较状语从句） asas, not so (as)as, than, the more the more.,asas 像一样 If y

24、ou dont want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible. not so (as) as 不像 The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.,than 比怎么样，用于事物间的比较，than前面用形容词或副词的比较级 People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs. the more, the more 越 越 The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it.,Adverbial Clause of Concession (让步状语从句） although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether,although, though 虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although