商务英语翻译(英译汉)第五讲

1、商务英语翻译 english-chinese translation for international business,为了避免文章的单调乏味，英文中往往尽量要避免用词重复。除了使用代词外，同一件事物常用拼写不同而意义相近的词来表示。回避重复是英语的一大特色。 汉语的重复则不会给人以单调乏味的感觉，相反，如果使用得当，还可以起到反复强调的作用，使语义明确，译文生动。重复是汉语的一个明显特点。,重复法（repetition）,1）指代法 2）替代法 3）换词法 4）省略法 5）保留介词法 6）紧缩法,英语回避重复的主要方法,the moneys most extraordinary feat

2、 was learning to operate a tractor. by the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed.,换词法,省略法,i like strong tea, but i suppose weak () is better for you. (回避重复名词),they are not known for retreat. they never have ( ) and never will ( ). (回避重复动词),a: would you li

3、ke to go with me? b: yes, id like to. (回避重复不定式),the origne is ripe. i know () from its color. (回避重复句子),保留介词法,保留介词法就是保留同一个介词以回避名词、动词或者形容词的重复。如：,discipline is indispensable to victory in war, to success in our work, and indeed, to the realization of our goal.,discipline is indispensable to victory in

4、war, discipline is indispensable to success in our work, and indeed, discipline is indispensable to the realization of our goal.,保留介词法,we talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other-of everything but our host and hostess.,we talked of ourselves, we talked of

5、our prospects, we talked of the journey, we talked of the weather, and we talked of each other- talked of everything but our host and hostess.,紧缩法,紧缩法就是将语句中两个或几个相关联的成分合并在一起，以避免一些词语的重复，是文字变得简洁。如：,he was particularly interested in the articles on and by lu xun.,he was particularly interested in the ar

6、ticles on and he was particularly interested in the articles written by lu xun.,英汉翻译中的重复翻译法,1. we should learn how to analyze and solve problems.,2. the big company has its disadvantages.,我们应该学会如何分析问题和解决问题。,大企业有大企业的难处。,3. managing multinationals means handling both national and organizational cultur

7、e differences at the same time.,管理跨国公司意味着要同时处理民族文化差异与组织文化差异。,1. he became an oil baronall by himself.,2. last year, the output of coal in this region amounted to about 20 percent of the whole country, of steel 25 percent, and of cotton 35 percent.,他成了一个石油大亨一个白手起家的石油大亨。,去年，这一地区的煤产量约占全国总产量的20%，钢产量占25%

8、 , 棉花产量占35。,3. in fact, the blatant use of money to motivate people either to join an organization or to stay on has created more motivation problems than it has solved.,事实上，大张旗鼓地用金钱来促使人们加入某组织或留下来，这种做法所引起的激励机制上的问题，远比其所解决的问题要多。,4. the main difficulty is the shortage of funds, teachers and teaching ma

9、terials.,5. we thank you very much for the warm hospitality accorded to our trade delegation during this visit to your country and for the close co-operation in the business discussions.,主要的问题是经费不足、教员不足、教材不足这几项。,我们非常感谢你们在我贸易代表团访问贵国期间给予的盛情款待，感谢你们在业务洽谈中给予的密切配合。,6. with respect to manuscripts and pictu

10、res that are provided by the chinese party, without the consent of the chinese party, the other party may not transfer the copyright, or extend the use thereof, or extend the areas where they shall be distributed.,凡我方提供的书稿和图片，未经我方同意，对方不得转让版权，不得扩大使用权，不得扩大发行区域。,词类转换法,英汉两种语言的使用范围和表达方式不尽相同，翻译时有些句子可以逐词（w

11、ord-for-word）对译，如：she is a beautiful girl.“她是个漂亮姑娘。 此译文中的词性基本上与英语相当。 但在大多数情况下，翻译句子时不能逐渐词对译，如：he is a liar. 就不能直译为“他是个说谎的人，”因为汉语习惯不这样说，可译为“他爱说谎。”这样，汉语各词的词性与英语就不对应了。,又如：he took his students to the factory for a visit. “他带学生到工厂去参观。” 原文中只有一个动词took，译成汉语后却出现了4个动词。可见在翻译中，有时要把原文的一种词转换成译入语的另一种词类。随着词类的变化，句子的结

12、构也产生了变化。,3. a government report targets earnings from industry at us $ 200 billion by 2008.,2. the cost of making goods can be drastically lowered by means of mass-production.,政府的一份报告提出一个目标：到2008年，要使工业收入达到 2000 亿美元。（英语动词转换成汉语名词）,通过批量生产可以大幅度降低生产产品的成本。（英语介词转化成汉语动词）,1. i have the honor to inform you th

13、at the new products of yours have entered the international markets.,我荣幸地告诉你，贵公司的新产品已经打入了国际市场。 （英语名词转换成汉语副词）,4. advertising affects tremendously every sphere of modern life.,5. the fair price connected with the superiority of varieties of our products will be able to guarantee our competitive edge i

14、n the international market.,广告对现代生活的方方面面产生极大的影响。（英语副词转换成汉语形容词）,我方产品种类繁多，品质优良，价格合理，能够确保在国际市场的竞争优势。（英语名词转换成汉语形容词）,一、转译成汉语动词 在英译汉时，英语中的许多意思都可以用汉语的动词来表达。例如： 1）we mustnt lose sight of the fact that air pollution is going from bad to worse in our city. 我们不能忽略这一事实，空气污染在我们城市中日益严重。 (名词转译成汉语动词) （具备动词概念的名词） 2）

15、the airline has been in operation for many years.（名词转译成汉语动词） 这家航空公司已经营多年。,4）we were all in favor of his suggestion. （介词转译成汉语动词） 我们全体赞成他的建议。 5）doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. （形容词转译成汉语动词） 医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。 6）he was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him.（形容

16、词转译成汉语动词） 直到她开口说话他才意识到她在面前。,英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后做表语，往往可转译成汉语动词。常见的形容词有“confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, glad, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, sorry, delighted, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able” 7) she opened the window to let fresh air in. (副词转译成汉语动

17、词) 她把窗户打开，让新鲜空气进来。,二、译成汉语名词,1 动词译成汉语名词 1）formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。 2）this store features round-the-clock service. 这家商店的特点是昼夜服务。 3）your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. 你工作的毛病是不注意细节（或：粗心大意）。 如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，

18、可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。,4）the youths always dream fondly of their future. 年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。 5) independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。,2. 形容词译成汉语名词 1）they did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们

19、尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 2）robin hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protested the poor. 罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人热爱并保护穷人。 3）steven was eloquent and elegant- but soft. 史蒂文森有口才，有风度。,三、其他转译法 1) you are a greater blockhead than i had supposed you to be. 你比我所想象得要傻的多。（名词 形容词） 2) his address impressed me deepl

20、y. 他的话给我留下很深的印象。（副 形容词） 3) he is the right man im looking for. 他正是我要找的人。（形 副词）,四、练习 1they went on strike in demand of a 40 per cent wage increase. 2difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approachment and cooperation. 3the road to development is long but we

21、are firmly on it. 4dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. 5that book will be out pretty soon.,6it is our goal that the people in the underdeveloped area will be finally off poverty. 7the book did not impress me at all. 8. harry aims to become

22、a computer expert. 9. obedience is obligatory on a soldier. 10. our government shows great concern for the chinese resident abroad. 11from the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy.,四、练习 1they went on strike in demand of a 40 per cent wage increase. 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。 （名词 动词） 2difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approachment and cooperation. 国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此 的 接近与 合作。（名词动词）,3the road to developm