情态动词和虚拟

1、情态动词和虚拟语气,情态动词和虚拟语气,分类,重点、难点,解题关键,3. 固定句式,1. should +动词原形,2. if 引导的虚拟条件句,理解句义,结合记忆,理解句义,记忆,3.情态动词+have done,情态动词,虚拟语气,2.表示对现在和过去的推测,1.固定搭配考查: can but 的用法 cant help but ,cant help 的用法,1(2010北京高考)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah，good morning. You _ b

2、e Mrs. Peters. AmightBmust Cwould DCan 2(2010浙江高考)“You _ have a wrong number，” she said，“Theres no one of that name here.” Aneed Bcan Cmust Dwould,3(2009辽宁高考)The traffic is heavy these days.I _ arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place? Acan Bmust Cneed Dmight 4(2009安徽高考)Some people who dont li

3、ke to talk much are not necessarily shy；they _ just be quiet people. Amust Bmay Cshould Dwould,5(2009全国卷)What do you mean，there are only ten tickets？There _ be twelve. Ashould Bwould Cwill Dshall,Can的语气,表示对目前或将来情况的推测往往用“情态动词动词原形”这种结构。 1can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定

4、句中也可以表示推测，cant 意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。,(2008福建高考)It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。 Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting? 布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？ The story cant be true.这个故事不可能是真的。,May的语气,may用

5、于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。may在疑问句中不能表示推测。 Peter may come with us tonight，but he isnt sure yet. 彼得今晚可能和我们一起来，但他还没确定。,Must的语气 2.4.6,must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。 He must be ill.He looks so pale. 他准是病了，他的脸色苍白。 (2009湖南高考)Its the office！So yo

6、u must know eating is not allowed here. 这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。 Oh，sorry.噢，对不起。,Should的语气,should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。 There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. 因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。,正在发生的动作的猜测,表示对现在正在发生的事情进行推测要用“情

7、态动词be现在分词”这种结构。这种结构在高考题中出现的次数不太多，但也提醒考生注意。 My mother must be watering the flowers in the garden now. 现在我母亲一定正在花园里浇花。 The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment. 此刻学生们有可能正在爬山。,1(2010全国卷)Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. Acant Bneednt Cmay not Dwill not 2(2010江苏高考

8、)I havent got the reference book yet， but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. Acould Bshall Cmust Dmay,3(2010陕西高考)May I take this book out of the reading room? No，you _. You read it in here. Amightnt Bwont Cneednt Dmustnt 4(2010江西高考)I have told you the tru

9、th. _ I keep repeating it? AMust BCan CMay DWill,5(2010湖南高考)You _ buy a gift，but you can if you want to. Amust Bmustnt Chave to Ddont have to,1can 和could的用法 (1)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？ (2)cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。 You cant be too careful while driv

10、ing. 开车时越小心越好。2.4.2,2may和might的用法 (1)may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意义。 在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。不能用might。 May I play basketball this afternoon? 今天下午我可以打篮球吗？,“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。 You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。 We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。,(2)may作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mu

11、stnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。 May I use your car? No，you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等) Must I work out the problem tonight? No，you neednt. 2.4.5,3must (1)表示禁止(用于否定句) You must not speak ill of others. 你一定不要说别人的坏话。 Smoking must not be allowed in the of

12、fice. 严禁在办公室吸烟。 (2)表示“偏执”，“固执” Must you make so much noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗？ If you must smoke，please go out. 如果你偏要吸烟，那你就出去吧。2.4.6,4shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 Shall we begin our class？ 我们可以开始上课吗？ Shall the driver wait outside？ 司机在外边等着可以吗？,(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 I promis

13、ed he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺给他一件生日礼物。 You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。,5will和would的用法 作情态动词的will，would与作助动词的will，would的各种形式相同。 (1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。 would用于过去的情况。 (2008北京高考)John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he has never smok

14、ed ever since.约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。 I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。,(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要” 之意。 Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。 (3)would 可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但 没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 Last year our

15、 English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. 去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们讲英语故事。,表示对过去发生的情况或存在的状态的推测常用“情态动词have过去分词”这种结构。 1can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。,Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere

16、.你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。 Well.He cant have gone far his coats still here. 大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。 The accident could have been avoided. 这场事故本来是可以避免的。2.4.7.1,2may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为 “可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。 Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock a

17、nd gone back to sleep again. 对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。,3must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定， 想必”，语气十分肯定。 He must have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.他一定是已经完成工作了，否则他不会在海边玩得那么高兴了。,4should have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却 没有做；shouldnt have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责

18、备的意味。 Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚才真不应该吃那么多的炸鸡的。,1(2010山东高考)I _ have watched that movie,itll give me horrible dreams. Ashouldnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dmustnt 2(2010天津高考)Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half

19、an hour early. Aneednt Bwouldnt Cmustnt Dcouldnt,5ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却 没有做；ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同，也往往含有责备的意味。 You ought to have come to the party yesterday，but why didnt you come? 昨天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？2.4.7.2,6neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。 Catherin

20、e，I have cleaned the room for you. Catherine，我已替你打扫了房间。 Thanks.You neednt have done it.I could manage it myself.谢谢。你本来不必做，我自己可以做的。2.4.7.3,3(2010上海高考)Sorry，Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh，you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. Amust Bmustnt Cshould Dshouldnt 4(2

21、010安徽高考)Jack described his father，who _ a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man. Awould be Bwould have been Cmust be Dmust have been,5(2009江苏高考) He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_it differently. Acould express Bwould express Ccould have expressed Dmust have expressed,英语的

22、动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,语气,陈述语气(The Indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV. Her mother did not know that she had AIDS until after Xiaohua was born. How should we act towards people who have AIDS. What a

23、 brave girl!,语气,祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。 Let me do it. Please keep quiet in the reading room.,语气,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：,虚拟语气在条件从句中,例句 2.5.1 If

24、you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 2. If it were(were to be/should be) rainy tomorrow, the concert would be canceled. 明天要是下雨,音乐会就会取消。(不希望发生的事) 3. If I were you, I would go now. 假如我是你的话，我现在就走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你),虚拟语气在条件从句中,虚拟语气在条件从句中,二、省略 if 的条件从句

25、 2.5.1.2 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met h

26、im.,Had you come a few.,虚拟语气在复合句中的应用,三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）2.5.1.1 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If we had not met, I would be a millionaires wife. 如果当初我们没有相遇,我现在就是一个百万富翁的太太了。,1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, ad

27、vice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。 2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。 3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do,虚拟语气在宾语从句中,例句 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 year

28、s younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。 4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。 5. He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。2.5.4,虚拟语气在宾语从句中,4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，

29、即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 例句 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 He insisted that he was right.

30、 2.5.2,虚拟语气在宾语从句中,虚拟语气在宾语从句中,在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。2.5.5.4I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.,虚拟语气在表语从句中,主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do

31、. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.,虚拟语气在同位语从句中,同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.,虚拟语气在主语从句中,在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 例句 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 Its important t