chapter 7 Remittance.ppt

1、International Exchange and Methods of Remittance,Outline of International Exchange,Specified method and condition Transfer funds from one part to another Avoid trouble of delivering cashes, accelerate settlement , make full use of exchange, promote development of economy and make foreign exchange ba

2、nk become clearing center getting considerable fees.,International Exchange,国际汇兑是通过把一个国家的货币兑换成另一种货币，并借助各种信用工具，将货币资金转移到另一个国家，以清偿国际间由于贸易或非贸易往来产生的债权债务关系的专门性经营活动。 广义:国际汇兑是国际结算行为； 狭义:国际汇兑特指国际银行间的汇款业务,1. 顺汇和逆汇,Transference of instruments results in oversea transference of funds. 一、顺汇与逆汇的定义、特点 Remittance（顺

3、汇,汇付法） payer or debtor gives funds to bank on his own initiative, entrusting the bank to use instruments transferring funds to payee or creditor. 它是汇款人（通常为债务人）主动将款项交给银行，委托银行通过结算工具，转托国外银行将汇款付给国外收款人（通常为债权人）的一种汇款方法。 其特点是资金流向和结算工具的流向一致。（如汇款）,Procedure,Instrument and funds move in same direction Typical

4、business: remit funds(T/T, M/T, D/D),Money,Money,逆汇（Reverse Remittance） Payee or creditor draws draft and entrust bank to use instruments to get paid from foreign debtor. 又称出票法。它是由收款人出具汇票，交给银行，委托银行通过国外代理行向付款人收取汇票金额的一种汇款方式。 其特点是资金流向和结算支付工具的流向不相同。（如托收、信用证）,Procedure,Instrument and funds move in differ

5、ent direction Typical business: collection , L/C,Debtor Importer Drawee,Bank,Claimant Exporter Payee,Instruments,Active,Claim,Money,Money,2. International remittance vs. domestic remittance,Same in nature: transfer funds but different ways to deal : relates different countries,Differences between In

6、ternational remittance and domestic remittance,1、国际汇兑的资金是外汇，也可称为可自由兑换的货币，因此常常伴随外汇买卖行为。 国际汇兑是通过国际间银行的“汇”与“兑”实现国与国之间的债权债务的清偿和国际间资金的转移。 “汇”是将货币资金在国际间转移；“兑”是不同国家货币之间的相互转换,2、国际汇兑中的收款人可以是全球任何地方的个人或企业。 3、国际汇兑的付款人一般应是付款货币清算中心所在地的银行。 4、国际汇兑若采用第三国货币清偿或授受时，手续较多，费时较长，增加了客户的资金占用，不利于其资金周转，经办银行可以提供融资。这样，经办银行在国际汇兑业

7、务中不仅有手续费收入，还有融资的利息收入，并可以根据汇兑的方式，不同程度地占用客户的在途资金。,3. Parties in remittance,1 Remitter（汇款人） who requests his bank to remit funds to a beneficiary in a foreign country, always is importer or debtor 2 Payee or Beneficiary（收款人） who is addressed to receive the remittance, always is the exporter or creditor

8、 3 Remitting Bank（汇出行） who is entrusted to remit the funds outward 4 Paying Bank（汇入行也称解付行） who is entrusted by the remitting bank to make payment to the payee,1 Remitter,2 Payee,3 Remitting bank,4 Paying Bank,Main parties are mentioned above, but if remitting bank and paying bank have no direct acco

9、unt relationship, intermediary bank (转汇行) will be involved Intermediary bank (转汇行) : transfer funds to paying bank for remitting bank or collect funds for paying bank.,Relations between parties,1 Payee and payer Non-trade: transfer funds Trade: debt and credit Remitter and remitting bank : trustor a

10、nd trustee,Remitting bank and paying bank : relationship of both correspondent and trust Payee and paying bank: Payee has an account in paying bank or has no relationship with paying bank .,4. Methods of Remittance,The manner by which the payment instruction from remitting bank to paying bank. There

11、 are three types : 1 Telegraphic Transfer, T/T（电汇） 2 Mail Transfer, M/T（信汇） 3 Remittance by Bankers Demand Draft, D/D（票汇）,Methods of Remittance,1 Telegraphic Transfer, T/T（电汇） Payment instruction given by the remitting bank to the paying bank will be telecommunication, such as cable, telex or comput

12、er system. 是汇出行应汇款人的要求，用电报、电传或SWIFT委托付款行向收款人付款的方式。,Procedure of T/T,Characteristics of T/T,1 Belongs to remittance 2 Fastest way to collect funds, while cost is also high: as technology develops, cost has a tendency of going lower 3 Has priority to other methods, settled in a single day and bank can

13、not take up funds Safe : use telex and SWIFT mostly Control Documents: Test Key & SWIFT certificate (证实押),2 Mail Transfer, M/T（信汇）,Payment instruction given by the remitting bank is transmitted by mail or by courier. 汇出行应汇款人的要求，用航邮信函通知汇入行向收款人付款的方式。 Characteristics of M/T: 1 lower cost 2 but slower 3

14、 funds can be taken up for short time by bank 4 Control Documents: Specimen of authorized signature book(印鉴）,Procedure of M/T,T/T vs. M/T,T/T & M/T are almost the same except that instruments are different . T / T: Cable Telex Telegram M/ T: M/T Advice P.O (Payment Order),3 Remittance by Bankers Dem

15、and Draft, D/D（票汇）,Payment instruction is written down directly on the surface of the bank draft. A bank draft is a negotiable instrument drawn by the remitting bank, ordering its overseas correspondent bank to pay on demand the stated amount to the holder of the draft.,票汇是汇出行应汇款人的申请，代其开立以汇入行为付款人的银行

16、即期汇票，并交汇款人，由汇款人自寄或自带给国外收款人，由收款人到汇入行凭票取款的汇款方式。,Procedure of D/D,Characteristics of D/D,1 Its convenient for the payee to collect funds for he can go to any correspondent of the remitting bank. 2 The draft can be negotiated. 3 The delivery of the draft is outside the banking system. The bank draft sho

17、uld be handed over to the remitter, who may dispatch or even bring it to the beneficiary abroad.,Characteristics of D/D,The paying bank do not have to advise the payee, conversely the payee present for payment. 5 Control Documents: counterfoil（票根）,电汇、信汇、票汇三种方式比较,1从支付工具来看，电汇方式使用电报、电传，或SWIFT，用密押证实；信汇方

18、式使用信汇委托书或支付委托书，用签字来证实；票汇方式使用银行及其汇票，用签字证实 2从汇款人的成本费用来看，电汇收费较高 3从安全方面来看，电汇比较安全 4从汇款速度来看，电汇最为快捷 5从使用范围来看，电汇是目前使用最广泛的方式；信汇方式很少使用；票汇介于二者中间,5. 汇款头寸的调拨和退汇,一、汇款的解付与偿付 1、汇款的解付 是汇入行向收款人付款的行为。 为了保证付款的正确，解付行往往都很慎重，特别是当汇出行的汇出汇款还未到达汇入行的帐户，此时解付行就是垫付了货款，因而更加慎重。 为了正确验定每笔汇款的真实性，解付行根据每种汇款的特点，采取不同的查验方法。,(1)对于信汇方式： 由于其没

19、有票据，只有结算工具-信汇委托书，这是汇入行所收到的唯一付款请求。因此汇入行要仔细查验信汇委托书的真实性。 通常，信汇委托书上有汇出行有权签字人的签字，汇入行只需对照该银行在本银行预留的签字样本即可。,(2)对于票汇方式： 由于有银行汇票这一支付工具，因此，银行只要能确定汇票上的签字人数、级别、名称和预留的内容相符，汇票本身又合乎法定格式，如有背书则背书要连续。往往就予付款。较谨慎的做法就是等银行票汇通知书（票根）到达后，再予查验。但这有时会造成付款延迟。有些国家的银行为了防止伪造银行汇款,甚至规定汇票金额超过某一限额，除了寄发票汇通知书外，还要在汇票上加注密押。,(3)电汇。 电汇的安全性相

20、对来说比信汇和票汇来得高。对于电报和电传，解付行只需按约定核对密押即可。而Swift则具有自动解押功能，即其自动会和电脑中储存的密押相核对，而无需人工解押，也无需人工加上押付字样。,Reimbursement of Remittance Cover(汇款的偿付),汇款头寸偿付 , 俗称“拨头寸” The paying bank credits the funds against the payees account, which should be reimbursed by the remitting bank prior or after the payment. 按照国际惯例，汇出行在发

21、出汇款委托书的同时，必须将头寸拨付给付款行，使付款行不致因执行付款指示而垫付头寸。,Styles of Reimbursement in practice,1 先拨后付: 付出行在受理一笔汇款业务后，先将头寸拨给汇入行，汇入行收到头寸以后才向收款人进行解付。这是最主要的头寸调拨方式。 2 先付后偿: 汇出行受理一笔汇款业务后，先将汇款通知寄给汇入行，汇入行根据通知先垫付资金给收款人，然后向汇出行索偿。除非汇出、汇入两行有先解付、后拨头寸的代理合约，否则不能采用。,汇款的退汇,退汇：汇款人或收款人某一方，在汇款解付前要求撤销该笔汇款。 1、因收款人名称、账户、地址不清等原因而无法解付汇入款超过3

22、个月，银行将主动退汇； 2、汇出行提出退汇的，若查明头寸确已收妥，且汇款未解付的，可办理退汇；若已解付，由汇款人直接与收款人联系退汇事宜； 3、因收款人拒收要求办理退汇的，应由收款人说明原因，经银行查实同意，退还原汇出行。,电汇、信汇的退汇 由汇款人提出书面申请，汇款回单，汇出行凭此向付款行要求退汇，待接到付款行同意退汇的答复并收妥汇款头寸后，方可办理退汇。 票汇的退汇 在寄出汇票前，由汇款人持原汇票正本办理，由出票行注销原汇票，办理退汇手续。,6. Application of remittance in international trade,Payment in Advance（预付货款

23、） The importer pays the exporter before delivery of the goods. 预付货款是进口商（付款人）在出口商（收款人）将货物或货运单据交付以前将货款的全部或者一部分通过银行付给出口商，出口商收到货款后，再根据约定发运货物。 For importer: pay in advance For exporter: paid in advance For bank at importers side: remitting bank For bank at exporters side: paying bank,Characteristics,Favo

24、rable for exporters: 1）help the seller with the shortage of funds , loan of no interest 2）the seller does not have any financial risk 3）the seller can immediately use the fund to run the operation,Disadvantages to the buyer: 1）the buyer has risk that what he contracted for will be : a) supplied, b)

25、received, c) received in a timely fashion, and/or, d) received in the quality or quantity ordered 2）tie up his capital prior to receipt of the goods or services,Used in following situations: 1 when demand for commodities is greater than supply in market. 2 the importer and the exporter have close re

26、lationship, and the importer is willing to supply funds to exporter 3 deal for the first time and the seller is doubt the buyers credit,Precautionary measures against risks:,设立解付条件 进口商在汇出汇款时向解付行提出解付条件：出口商提供全套货运单据后解付； 请出口方银行提供银行保函，保证收到预付款后发货，否则退回预付款；对进口商品折价支付。,Payment after Arrival of the Goods（货到付款）

27、,The importer pays the exporter after delivery of the goods. 货到付款与预付货款相反，它是进口商在收到货物后，立即或一定时期以后再付款给出口商的一种结算方式。也被称为延期付款，或赊销(O/A)。 Belongs to Open Account Transaction(赊帐交易）or Deferred Payment（延期付款）,Characteristics,Favorable for importers: 1） does not have any financial risk 2）takes up exporters capital

28、 Disadvantages to the exporter: 1） has risk that importer does not pay 2） tie up his capital prior to payment,Application,Be sold outup (售定,先出后结) Seller and buyer sign agreement stipulating price, deliver time and buyer pays after delivery of goods. 是进出口商达成协议，规定出口商先发货，再由进口商按合同规定的货物售价和付款时间进行汇款的一种结算方式，即“先出后结”。 For the price is set beforehand, so it is called “售定”. China mainland exports fresh or freezing goods.,Consignment（寄售）,Goods are entrusted to an agent in the importing country for sale. 是指出口方将货物运往国外，委托国外商人按照事先商定的条件在当地市场上代