07.增补与省略.ppt

1、第七章 增补与省略 Addition conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. (Francis Bacon: Of Studies) 【译文】读书可以培养一个完美的人，说话可以训练一个敏捷的人，而写作可以造就一个准确的人。,22,例3：The Chinese people still keep their conventional way to celebrate the Spring Festival; a whole family gathering on New Years Eve make dumplings and fire

2、 crackers. 【译文】中国人仍以传统的方式迎新春，除夕之夜全家人聚在一起包饺子、放鞭炮。,23,例4：The three burglaries, three purse snatchings, one mugging, one robbery at knifepoint and one pocket-picking I have experienced since 1959 didnt cost me much in money. 【译文】自1959年以来，我被盗三次，被抢钱包三次，被拦路打劫一次，被用刀子逼着抢劫一次，被掏包一次，但都没有损失多少钱。,24,例5：Studies se

3、rve for delight, for ornament and, for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. (Francis Bacon: Of Studies) 【译文】读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。（王

4、佐良译）,小节结束,25,例1：Practically every river has an upper, a middle, and a lower part. 【译文】但凡是河流，都有上游、中游和下游。 例2：We wont retreat; we never have and never will. 【译文】我们不后退，我们从来就没有后退过，我们将来也绝不后退。,补充例句,26,例3：Presently there came a quivering glow that vaguely revealed the foliage for a moment and then vanished.

5、 By and by another came, a little stronger. Then another. (Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer) 【译文】一会儿闪出一道颤动的亮光，隐约照亮了树上的枝叶，然后很快又消逝了。不一会儿，又是一道闪光，比前一次更亮些。然后又是一道。,补充例句,27,例4： I had no outlook, but an uplook rather. My place in society was at the bottom. 【译文】我没有人生观，倒是有向上爬观，我处于社会的底层。,补充例句,28,例5：Thi

6、s is largely a manifestation of strong black identity, forged from experience of extensive discrimination and a consequent rejection of the values of mainstream British society. 【译文】这主要表现了一种强烈的黑人个性，这种黑人个性是由他们普遍受歧视的经历以及随之而产生的对主流英国社会价值观念的否定态度而造成的。,补充例句,小节结束,29,课堂互动1： 翻译句子，注意补译省略部分使句式结构完整（参考译文）,1The pu

7、rposes of his journey were both military and political. 【译文】这次旅行既有军事上的目的，又有政治上的目的。,30,2Some of the gases in the air are fairly constant in amount, while others are not. 【译文】空气中有些气体的含量相当稳定，有些就不稳定。,课堂互动1： 翻译句子，注意补译省略部分使句式结构完整（参考译文）,31,3You may apply in person or by letter. 【译文】你可以本人亲自去申请或寄信去申请。,课堂互动1：

8、 翻译句子，注意补译省略部分使句式结构完整（参考译文）,32,4Some go only for one year, many for two, but never longer, unless the ship which is to bring them out cannot reach their base. (W. M. Smith: In the Antarctic) 【译文】有些人在这里呆一年，也有人要呆两年，但绝对不会再久，除非去接他们的船只到不了基地。,课堂互动1： 翻译句子，注意补译省略部分使句式结构完整（参考译文）,33,5He was a clever man; a pl

9、easant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (William Thackeray: Vanity Fair) 【译文】他是个聪明人，很好相处，就是学习不肯用功；老是东挪西借，还喜欢上酒馆喝上两口。,小节结束,课堂互动1： 翻译句子，注意补译省略部分使句式结构完整（参考译文）,34,原文为了避免重复，常在表达中使用代词来代替前面出现的有关信息，英译汉时可重复补译出代词所代替的信息，这样使前后照应，表达一致。

10、,7. 1. 6 补译替代部分,35,例1：With September, comes a sense of autumn. It creeps in on a misty dawn and vanishes in the hot afternoon. It tiptoes through the tree-tops, rouging a few leaves, then rides a tuft of thistle down across the valley and away. 【译文】九月来临，秋意渐浓。这秋的气息潜行于多雾的黎明，又消失于炽热的午后；踏着树梢，染红树叶，乘着丝丝蓟花绒

11、毛，越过峡谷，飘然而去。,36,例2：The moon seemed to sink, a crest reached and lost, and he watched it, catching the edge against the window, to try to hold it, but felt it pass. 【译文】月亮像要落了，碰到了一座山顶，又隐没了。他凝视着月亮，用手触摸着映在窗上的光边，想把它攥住，但是感到月亮从他手指缝里溜走了。,37,例3：Know the true value of time; snatch, seize, and enjoy every mom

12、ent of it. 【译文】知道时间的真正价值。才能争取每一刻，抓住每一刻，享受每一刻。,小节结束,38,例1：Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is higher than when it is low. 【译文】温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。,补充例句,39,例2：Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for

13、it; we also charge for it. 【译文】时间被当作几乎实实在在的东西对待。我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、解释时间是怎么用的；我们还要因为花了时间而收取费用。,补充例句,40,补充例句,例3： You cannot build a ship, a house, or a machine tool if you do not know how to make a design or how to read it. 【译文】如果不懂制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造成一条船，盖好一座房子或生产出一台机床来。,小节结束,41,课堂互动2： 翻译句子，注

14、意补译替代部分使句意完整（参考译文）,1Did you enjoy your time in Nanjing？ Yes, I did. 【译文】你在南京过得愉快吗？ 是的，我过得很愉快。,42,2Is matter in constant motion and in constant change? Yes, it is. 【译文】物质是在不断地运动和变化着吗？ 是的，物质是在不断地运动和变化着。,课堂互动2： 翻译句子，注意补译替代部分使句意完整（参考译文）,43,3For errors had been made, bad ones. 【译文】因为错误已经出了不少， 而且还是很严重的错误。

15、 4I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time. 【译文】希望会议不要开得太久，太久了只会浪费时间。,小节结束,课堂互动2： 翻译句子，注意补译替代部分使句意完整（参考译文）,44,7. 1. 7 补译解释说明,英译汉时若按字面译，让人看不明白，甚至误解，增加一些必要的解释性文字，补充说明，表达完整。,45,例1：I never told my love vocally; still, if looks have language, the merest idiot might have g

16、uessed I was over head and ears. 【译文】我从没有把自个儿的爱情说出口，如果眉目也能传情，那么即便是白痴也能看出，我已沉溺在爱河里，都淹没了头顶。,46,例2： and Frome, at each turn, caught sight of her laughing panting lips and the dark eyes 【译文】她每一转身，弗洛美瞥见一下她笑着喘着的双唇和那一双黝黑的眼珠”,47,例3：In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “po

17、nged”. 【译文】四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，美国“乓”的一声把球打了回来。,小节结束,48,例1：They went to Beijing by a Shanghai. 【译文】他们乘坐“上海”牌小轿车去了北京。,补充例句,49,例2：And a growing minority of Western intellectuals agreed. 【译文】越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从数量上说，他们仍然是少数。,补充例句,50,例3：His speech was Irish throughout，versatile，witty and occa

18、sionally pointed. 【译文】他的演说自始至终都带有爱尔兰人的风格：洋洋洒洒，妙语横生，有时则犀利尖刻。,补充例句,51,例4： In literature, as in life, one of the fundamentals is to find, and be, ones true self. Ones true self may indeed be unpleasant; but a false self, sooner or later, becomes disgustingjust as a nice plain woman, painted to the eyeb

19、rows, can become horrid. In writing, in the long run, pretense does not work. As the police put it, anything you say may be used as evidence against you. If handwriting reveals character, writing reveals it still more. You cannot fool your judges all the time. (钱歌川：翻译的技巧) 【译文】在文学中，也和在人生中一样，基本原理之一就是发

20、现自我，乃至成为真正的自我。真正的自我诚然是令人不愉快的，但一个虚伪的自己迟早是会变得令人讨厌的正好像一个丑陋的女人，涂脂抹粉，一直涂到眉毛以上去，也会变得可怕一样。在写作中假装毕竟也是行不通的。正如警察所说的，你说的任何一句话，都可能成为对你不利的证据。如果笔迹显示性格，写作显示的则更多。你不能始终愚弄所有的评判人呀。,补充例句,小节结束,52,课堂互动3： 翻译句子，注意解释说明（参考译文）,1He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death

21、. 【译文】他一直生活在沙漠里，每杯水都可能是生死攸关之大事，必须精打细算地用。,53,2If one had but two heads and neither required sleep! （=It would be good if one had but two heads and neither required sleep!） 【译文】人要是有两个脑袋，而且都不需要休息就好了。,课堂互动3： 翻译句子，注意解释说明（参考译文）,54,3And the music of the pearl drifted to a whisper and disappeared. 【译文】珍珠之歌随

22、波荡漾，余音袅袅，后来完全溶入了滚滚波涛。,课堂互动3： 翻译句子，注意解释说明（参考译文）,55,4Saving is to an individual is what profit is to a business. /What saving is to an individual is what profit is to a business. 【译文】一个人不能不储蓄存钱，就像一个企业不能没有利润效益一样。,课堂互动3： 翻译句子，注意解释说明（参考译文）,56,5And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his army

23、 of the future. 【译文】接着他发表了长篇演说，振振有词地把他设想中的未来军队鼓吹了一番。,课堂互动3： 翻译句子，注意解释说明（参考译文）,57,例1：Good news, friends! 【译文】朋友们，报告大家一个好消息！,7. 1. 8 根据语气增词,出于行文考虑，英译汉时增加一些汉语的语气助词、强调性副词或重复词汇，使译文明白流畅，这种增词译法实际上是一种结构增词。,58,例2：What we saw was indeed a new China. A country of well-dressed, clean, healthy, and happy people.

24、 【译文】我们所看到的确实是一个新中国。一个人民衣着体面整洁、身体健康、生活幸福的国家。,59,例3：It is well known that laughter has a tonic effect on the mind and body, suffusing the body with a feeling of well-being that few other activities are able to provide, refreshing, relieving, enlivening, and involving the whole body in its “happy conv

25、ulsion”. (Ashley Montague: Why Are You Laughing?) 【译文】众所周知，笑具有健身作用，身心皆宜。它可以使人体充满一种幸福愉快的感觉。这是别的活动很少能达到的。笑可以使人精神为之一爽，消愁解闷，富于生气，还可以使整个人体在其“愉快的痉挛”中得到运动。,小节结束,60,例1：Suppose it were so? (=Suppose it were so, what shall we do?) 【译文】假如果真如此，又该怎么办呢？,补充例句,61,例2： He poured out his tale of misfortunes. 【译文】他滔滔不绝

26、地诉说了自己的遭遇。,补充例句,62,例3：My dear Copperfield, she is, without any exception, the dearest girl! The way she manages this place, her punctuality, domestic knowledge, economy, and order, her cheerfulness, Coperfield! 【译文】我亲爱的科柏菲尔的确是位最可爱的姑娘！她把这里的一切料理的多好！她持家认真节俭，做事有条不紊，又精通家务事，整天价乐呵呵的，多好的科柏菲尔！,补充例句,小节结束,63,根

27、据上下文、隐义语境的需要，增补语义上、结构上和修辞上所必须的词，这些词可以是动词、名词、形容词、副词、量词、范畴性词、概括性词、甚至句子等。,7. 1. 9 根据语境增词,64,例1：There are teachers in plenty, but the teacher does not exist. 【译文】教师多的是，但真正的好老师却没有。,65,例2：The speed and reliability are the chief advantage of the electronic computer. 【译文】运行速度快，可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。,66,例3：When Hu

28、ghie came in he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to a wonderful life-size picture of a beggar-man. (Oscar Wilde: The Model Millionaire) 【译文】休埃一进门就发现特里维正在最后润色一幅画。这画有真人那么大，画的是一个乞丐，画得可真好。,67,例4：Life centered around family and food 【译文】生活的圈子就是自己的家，生活中主要关心的是如何填饱肚皮。,68,例5：In poverty, hunger, and

29、 dirt; And still with a voice of dolorous pitch, Would that its tone could reach the rich! She sang this Song of the Shirt ! (Thomas Hood: The Song of the Shirt) 【译文】 贫穷，饥饿，肮脏， 低唱衬衫歌， 音意何哀伤！ 但愿此曲传入朱门与华堂！,69,例6：Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for

30、 light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. (Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence) 【译文】当然，谨慎的心理会主宰人们的意识，使之认为不应该为了某些轻微的、暂

31、时的原因而把建立已久的政府更换；而且过去的经验也都表明，只要政府的罪恶尚可容忍，人们总是宁愿默然忍受，而不愿废除他们久已习惯的政府形式以恢复他们自己的权利。,70,例1：God knows what their fate will be, but I can guess. 【译文】天晓得他们的命运将如何，可我能猜出几分。,补充例句,71,例2：As early as the second session, he became convinced that Nixons outward self-confidence masked repression. 【译文】早在与尼克松第二次见面时，他就确

32、信尼克松外表上的自信掩盖着情绪上的压抑。,补充例句,72,例3： The business of her (Mrs Bernnets) life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. (Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice) 【译文】她（班纳特夫人）生平的大事就是嫁女儿；她生平的安慰就是拜客访友和打听新闻。,补充例句,73,例4： At the meeting he made a speecheloquent and energetic. 【译文】他在会上发表了讲话很动

33、听很有力。,补充例句,小节结束,74,课堂互动4： 翻译句子，根据语境、语义增词（参考译文）,1People in the square melted away. 【译文】广场上的人们渐渐散去了。 2This is the drink of hot weather. 【译文】这是大热天理想的饮料。,75,3He was weak and old. 【译文】他身体衰弱，年纪也大了。 4The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 【译文】这间大厅有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、时尚新潮、没有回

34、声。,课堂互动4： 翻译句子，根据语境、语义增词（参考译文）,76,5Mr Linton was not far behind; he opened the gate himself and sauntered slowly up, probably enjoying the lovely afternoon that breathed as soft summer. (Emily Bront: Wuthering Heights) 【译文】林惇先生在后面不远；他自己开了大门，慢慢蹓跶过来，大概是想享受这风和日丽、宛如夏日的下午时光。,小节结束,课堂互动4： 翻译句子，根据语境、语义增词（参考

35、译文）,77,如果是无生命名词作主语，可译成状语从句，增词可使译文意思更加清楚，结构更加完整，逻辑关系明确。这类句子汉译时，常用汉语的条件复合句“只要就”，“由于”，“因而”，主语改用“你(们)”“我（们）”等，其谓语动词常用 “make, enable, prevent, lead to, cause, show, bring about” 等。,7. 1. 10 根据逻辑修辞增词,78,例1：This medicine will make you feel better. 【译文】你吃了这药就会好些。 例2：With determination, with luck, and with h

36、elp from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes. 【译文】凭着我的决心，我的运气，还有许多善良人们的帮助，我终于重整旗鼓。,79,例3：My first quarter at Lowood seemed an age, and not the golden age either; it comprised an irksome struggle with difficulties in habituating myself to new rules and unwonted tasks. The fear of f

37、ailure in these points harassed me worse than the physical hardships of my lot, though these were no trifles. （Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre） 【译文】我在劳渥德的第一个季度似乎有一年那么长，而且还不是黄金时期。在这一个季度里，我得作种种令人厌烦的斗争，来克服困难，使自己习惯于新的规则、陌生的工作。我一直担心，怕在这些方面出什么差错，这可比命中注定要我身受的艰苦，更叫我苦恼，虽说艰苦也并不是小事。,80,例4：All the wisdom of the age

38、s, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books 【译文】古往今来人类的一切智慧结晶、数百年来人们津津乐道的那些故事传奇，我们都可以轻而易举地从书籍中获得。,81,例5：Competence, Concentration, Comprehension, Conscientiousness, Clarity, Courtesy. 【译文】业务过硬，精神集中，理解全面，工作认真，清

39、楚利落，彬彬有礼。,82,例1：Your refusal to come might offend others. 【译文】你如果不来就会得罪人。 例2：Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. 【译文】只要仔细把他们比较一下，你就会发现不同之处。,补充例句,83,例3：To many Americans, China is still a faraway placeunknown, unseen, and fascinating. 【译文】今天，仍然有许多美国人觉得中国远在天涯海角，鲜为人知，令人心驰神往。,补充例句,8

40、4,例4：He was a patriotic, adventurous and romantic writer. 【译文】他是一个具有爱国热情、探索精神和浪漫风格的作家。,补充例句,85,例5：China now is awakening, and it may soon move the world. Exotic, mysterious, fascinating China from time immemorial has tantalized the imagination of Western man. (Richard M. Nixon: The Awakening Giant)

41、【译文】中国正在觉醒，不久会震撼世界。自远古以来，中国奇异诱人，神秘莫测，魅力无穷激起了西方人的幻想。,补充例句,小节结束,86,课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,1Illness prevented him from doing his work. 【译文】他因病不能干活。 2Possessing high conductivity of heat and electricity, aluminum finds wide application in industry. 【译文】由于铝具有良好的导热性及导电性，所以在工业上获得了广泛应用。,87,课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子

42、，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,3Social evils were fundamentally caused by economic inequality. 【译文】从根本上说，社会罪恶是由经济不平等所造成的。,88,课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,4The rapid expansion of industrialization throughout the world must lead to a progressive exhaustion of natural resources. 【译文】由于工业化在全世界迅速发展，自然资源必然逐步趋向枯竭。,89,课堂互动5：

43、翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,5Their (the Curies) discovery brought about a revolution in the understanding of a structure of matter. 【译文】由于居里夫妇的发现，人类对物质结构的认识发生了一次革命。,90,课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,6You are only young once. At the time it seems endless, and is gone in a flash; and then for a very long time you

44、 are old. 【译文】人一生年轻只有一次，似乎永远不完，而逝去就在瞬间，尔后很长很长一段时间都是老年。,91,课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,7They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books. 【译文】好书可比作人们呼吸的空气，到处可得，花费不多，裨益很大，我们所吸取的都来自书本。,92,课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,8A little yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar. 【译文】一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄

45、肌瘦，衣着褴褛，瘸腿，胡须满面。,93,课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,9Women screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome. 【译文】只听到女人们在尖叫，小孩们在欢闹，男人们则静静地立在那儿袖手旁观，饶有兴味地等着看结果。,94,课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）,10His eyes, wide and wet, at last flashed fiercely on her; his breast heaved

46、convulsively. (Emily Bront: Wuthering Heights) 【译文】他睁大双眼，含着泪水，最后猛地向她一闪，胸口激动地起伏着。,95,任何语言都要求在表达上尽可能地做到简练明确，能用三个字表示的意思绝不用五个字，一句话能说明白的绝不说两句 。减词译法是英汉翻译中一种常用的、重要的、坚持语言“经济原则”的翻译方法和技巧。,7. 2 省略译法 （Proper Omission in Translation）,96,减词译法又叫省略译法，即 我们通常所说的“长话短说”。在具体操作上要注意所省去的词不是随心所欲任意而省的，一定要符合修辞上、语义上、语言结构上的需要。省

47、略后既不影响原文的思想内容，又流畅自然，简明洗炼。英语中，经常使用的词如冠词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)、代词（人称代词、关系代词）、关系副词等，在汉语中很少出现，要使译文地道忠实，就要省去不译。,97,不定冠词 (a/an) 最基本的意义是“一”，表示数字概念时，不能省略，但用于引申意义表示类别，或用在固定短语中，可省略不译。定冠词 (the) 用在表示方位的名词前，或形容词（形容词最高级）、专有名词之前，特别是用在固定短语或词组中时，常常省略不译。,7. 2. 1 冠词的省译,98,例1：A square has four angles (sides). 【译文】正方形有四个角（边）。 例

48、2：A dictionary is a good teacher. 【译文】辞典是良师。 例3：It must be morning now, because the birds are singing. 【译文】一定是天亮了，因为鸟儿在歌唱。,99,例4：The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the concentrations of the reacting substances. 【译文】化学反应的速度与反应物的浓度成正比。,小节结束,100,人称代词we, you，及不定代词one，ones在句中含有泛指的意思时，常可省略

49、不译；it在句中（引导主语、宾语、或强调句中）作为引导词时，没有实际意义，可省译；作宾语或同位语用的反身代词，常可省略不译；作定语用的物主代词，常可省略不译，这样其关系更为明确一些。,7. 2. 2 代词的省译,101,例1：One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 【译文】必须勤学苦练, 才能精通一门外语。 例2： He covered his face with his hand as if to protect his eyes. 【译文】他用手蒙住脸，好像去保

50、护眼睛。,102,例3：Order is order, we cannot complain, we cannot bargain, we cannot question and we cannot suggest changes. 【译文】命令就是命令，不得抱怨，不得讨价还价，不得质疑，也不得建议修改。,103,例4：The shopman offers you a third (apple); but before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say t

51、hat you will not have it as it must be sour. 【译文】店员给你第三个（苹果），但这次在吃之前，你把苹果看个仔细，发现又硬又青，立即就说不要这个，因为这个苹果必定是酸的。,104,例1：John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, his trousers and his shoes, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework. 【译文】清晨约翰起得很早。他穿上夹克、裤子和鞋子，就坐在书桌旁开始做作业。,补充例句,105

52、,例2： I hate the three rules in discipline in my class. One is that a person who is late for class will be fined two yuan. The other is that a person who doesnt hand in his homework in time will be fined three yuan. The third is that one who is absent for class will be fined ten yuan.,补充例句,【译文】我讨厌班上所

53、制订的三条制度，一条是上课迟到者罚款2元，一条是不及时交作业者罚款3元，一条是旷课者罚款10元。,106,【续】 For one thing, I am not so diligent, so I often get up late and am late for class. For the other, it seems that I have a bad memory as I often forget when to hand in my homework. For the third rule, I am afraid that I cant afford it any more.

54、I am a poor student; I have lost much money. Ill try my best to obey the three rules even though I hate them.,补充例句,【续】我一是不大勤奋，晚起迟到是常有的事，另外，我的记性好像也很差，啥时候交作业经常忘得一干二净。说起这第三条嘛，恐怕我再也无力应付了，我是个穷学生，已经被罚了很多钱了。不过，恨归恨，不得已还是尽力遵守为好吧。,小节结束,107,课堂互动6：翻译下列句子，注意冠词、代词的省译（参考译文）,1By analysis, we mean analyzing the cont

55、radictions in things. 【译文】所谓分析, 就是分析事物的矛盾。 2I am not a poet; I could not write a single line to depict its beauty. 【译文】我不是诗人，我写不出一行诗句来描绘它的美丽。,108,3Our son, Carl, who is six, goes to a good private school, and our daughter, who is four, wont go to school until next year. 【译文】我儿子卡尔六岁，在一所很好的私立学校读书，女儿四岁

56、，明年才上学。,课堂互动6：翻译下列句子，注意冠词、代词的省译（参考译文）,109,4But its the way I am, and try as I might; I havent been able to change it. 【译文】可我就是这个脾气，虽几经努力，却始终未能改变过来。 5It is mans social being that determines his thinking. 【译文】人们的社会存在，决定人们的意识。,小节结束,课堂互动6：翻译下列句子，注意冠词、代词的省译（参考译文）,110,英语中重复某些名词，表示某种概念的重复或强调，若是直译过来，会使译文显得臃

57、肿，不够简洁精炼。因此，为使译文简练、紧凑，文气贯通，汉译时可省译。,7. 2. 3 名词的省译,111,例1：The bourgeoisie has torn away from the family its sentimental veil, and has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation. (Karl Marx: Manifesto of the Communist Party) 【译文】资产阶级撕取了笼罩在家庭关系上面的温情脉脉的纱幕，把这种关系变成了纯粹的金钱关系。,112,例2：The mechanical

58、energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of generator or dynamo. 【译文】发电机能把机械能转变成电能。,113,例3：The only cure for envy in the case of ordinary men and women is happiness, and the difficulty is that envy is itself a terrible obstacle to happiness. 【译文】对于普通人而言，治疗妒忌的惟一办法是快乐，然而困难在于，妒忌本身就是快乐

59、的巨大障碍。,114,补充例句,例1：Walking for walkings sake may be as highly laudable and exemplary a thing as is held to be by those who practise it. 【译文】经常散步的人认为，为散步而散步是值得高度赞扬和仿效的。,115,补充例句,例2：Curiosity is a willing, a proud, an eager confession of ignorance. 【译文】好奇是在急不可耐地炫耀自己的无知。,116,补充例句,例3：Men tend to enjoy public, referentially orientated talk, while women enjoy intimate, affectively orientated talk. 【译文】男人喜欢公开谈论有具体内容的话题，而女人则乐意私下交流情感。,小节结束,117,动词一般不能省略，但某些动词( 如give, make, come, take, pay )与具有动作意味的名词连用时可以省略；系动词（如become, go, get等）也可以省译。,7. 2. 4 动词或系动词的省译,11