高考英语时态和语态.ppt

1、动词的分类,时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态； 主从句时态呼应问题。 3、几种时态的替代问题.,近三年动词的时态在高考中的考点,1 一般现在时的用法 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作 1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D

2、. play 2.-_my glasses ? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen 3.We will see to it that every child in the nation _ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside. A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get,1 一般现在时的用法 2） 客观真理

3、，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。 Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served -The girl _ weight recently. -Yes , she _ too much. has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eat

4、s C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats,1 一般现在时的用法 3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等 The train leaves at three this afternoon. 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. -Put these glasses away before they _. -OK. Ill put them

5、 in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken,Ive brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have -Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green? -You can when you _ a bit more skilled. A. will g

6、et B. are getting C. will have got D. get,2 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。 1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯） -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been 2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet thin

7、gs. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known 3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave,2 一般过去时的用法 2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别： 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。 I wrote a

8、letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）,1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet? -I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did 2.As she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep. A . read, was falling B. was

9、 reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell 3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 4.-Im sorry , I shouldnt have been so rude to you. -You _ your temper but thats OK. A. have lost B. had lost

10、C. did lose D. were losing.,3. 一般将来时,1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。 2 .表示将来时的四种形式 will /shall +动词原形 be going to do be about to do(正要干什么) be to do, be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。 -The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it. A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to -Alice

11、, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示 Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.,3. be to和be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。 be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. be go

12、ing to 表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.,4be about to do 表示“正要干什么”， 表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。 常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连词 构成句型： be about to do when. I was about to leave when it rained.,特别注意 （1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。 The pl

13、ane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但没有will ,be going to ) （2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 Ive won a holiday for two to Floria. I _my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been,4. 现在进行时,1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。 I d

14、ont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change -Ann works very hard. -In fact. I think she _ just now. A. studied B. is studyin

15、g C. studies D. will stud, Please call again. Jim _ a bath just now. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand. A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out I can guess you were

16、 in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing,特殊用性： 现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。 Were moving to the new building next week. 现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 You are alw

17、ays forgetting the important things.,1.You _things about . Look, what a mess in you room! A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always throwing D. have always been thrown 2.You _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. hav

18、e always been watching,3有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知觉、认应付，感情”等状态 存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain 所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold 知觉： sound(听起来)， look /seem /appear (看起来)， (看起来), smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）,feel (摸起来) ， see , hear , 认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, for

19、get, believe, think 情感：like, love, hate , prefer,5.过去进行时,1表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。 1.-Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing C. I havent noticing D. I was nt noticing 2.-Hey ,what did I say? -I _. A. Im not listening B. I was not

20、listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listen,2 表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。 -Why didnt you join us last night? -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States. A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watching -Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ for a long dist

21、ance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about you . We _ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are , expect B. were, had expected C. will be , are expecting D. have been , were expecting -You loo

22、k tired. -Yes. I non stop _ until twelve oclock. A. am working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked,3 在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。 I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time. has worked B. was wor

23、king C. had been working D. had worked 特别注意： 与always连用，表示感情色彩。 My brother was always losing his key.,1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart. A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont

24、makeD. didnt make 2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years. A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change 3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer. A. will swim B. have swumC. swam D

25、. swims 4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now. A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up,5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus. A. catch B. had caughtC. caughtD. catching 7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the r

26、oad when my car hit him. A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking 8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _. A. is B. does C. will beD. has been 9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagine

27、d the role in the markets that they _. A. were playingB. were to play C. had played D. played,10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her. A. didnt know; Ill go andB. dont know; Ill go and C. dont know; Im going toD. didnt know; Im going to 11. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere

28、. I _ it right here, but now its gone. A. did you put; have putB. had you put; have put C. have you put; putD. were you putting; put 14. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays. A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited 15. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ thou

29、gh they did all they could to save him. A. was deadB. had died C. has been dead D. died,16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _. A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken 17. Im afraid it will be two months _. A. when I come back B. when Ill come back C. before

30、 I come backD. before Ill come back 18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office. A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had leftD. had worked; left 19.The notice _ “No smoking”. A. is told B. readsC. tells D. is read,6. 现在完成时,1表示过去发生的某

31、一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。 They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.) 2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。 He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.,-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has g

32、one D. was Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , worked Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A. becomes B. becam

33、e C. has become D. had become -How are you today? -Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt Rober _ me his address the other day, but Im afraid I _ it . A. had given, lost B. has given , have lost C. gave, have lost D. gives, lost,7

34、.过去完成时,1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 请记住： by the end of +过去时间 be the time +从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时） The film had already begun when I got there. They had left before I returned. We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.),2 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。 I had been at the bus

35、 stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 3 用于hardly when ;no sooner than （一.就）等句子中。 Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining. 4 hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。 I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found

36、. 我本希望能乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）,5 It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时）； It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时）。 It is the first time that Ive been here. It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune. 6 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have tel

37、ephoned you .,1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough

38、 at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ hom

39、e. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come,8.现在完成进行时,构成：have /has been doing 表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。 -Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -Yes, that why I _ to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone,9.将来完成时： will /

40、 shall +have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如： by the end of+将来时间的短语, by the time +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时 We will have finished the work by the time he comes back. 10.一般将来进行时； will be dong / shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?,1.By the end of thi

41、s month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be found C. will have found D. are finding 2.The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted,1.He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill

42、 in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it 2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so far. A.havent heard B.didnt hear C.hadnt heard D.wont hear 3.When I got to the cinema, the film_for ten minutes. A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was 4.Ill go with you as soon as I_my ho

43、mework. A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished 5.If it_tomorrow,I wont go to the cinema. A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained 6.She is going to be a nurse when she_up. A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew,7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？ A.I have had this book for three months. B.I h

44、ave bought this book for three months. C.I bought this book three months ago. D.It is three months since I bought this book. 8. Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going C.didnt think; were go

45、ing D.hadt thought; were going 9.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages,but I _ all except for a few words of each. A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 10.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. A.has broken

46、into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen C.has been broken into; stolen D.had been broken into; stolen,11.The volleyball match will be put off if it_. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 12.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

47、13.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 14. Have you moved into the new house? No yet, the rooms _, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are be

48、ing painting 15. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened,16. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 17. We could have walked to the st

49、ation.It was so near. Yes, A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be 18.If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do

50、not keep; have to 19.Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked 20.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picking C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking,几种时态的替代问题 A：一

51、般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li.,祈使句

52、中的动词问题 高考题点击： 1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave 2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried 3. _ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knoc

53、k 4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To give,D,B,D,B,1、现在时态 高考题点击： Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called 2. I _ ping

54、-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N) A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. play,B,D,说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。,说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。,3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I

55、 am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change,说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的 are ph

56、oning 表示“不停的打电话”。,说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。,D,A,5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季） A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go

57、there! (98 N) A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD. No, I havent,说明：此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。,说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。,C,D,7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98 N) A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted 8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to s