综合教程第四册 7单元课后习题答案 复旦大学出版 主.ppt

1、Practical College Einglhsh,Unit Five Book 7,wang Chun-jiao,main,. Objectives,. Teaching Plan and Tine,. Background Information,. Class Presentation,Preview,Preview,This is the seventh unit of Book Four. In the Listening and Speaking section, you will learn how to make deductions and inferences and w

2、ill do related practical exercises. In the Reading and Writing section, the authors present some scientists in different fields. These wonder-workers have changed the world enormously. Text A and Text B tell us the stories of two pioneers a blood bank pioneer and a pioneer in architecture. Text C re

3、lates stories about the evolution of computer science. Six scientists are mentioned, one of whom is the technical wizard and fierce business competitor Bill Gates.,Preview,. Objectives,After studying this unit, the students are expected to,have mastered the language of deduction and inference, and h

4、ave received practical listening and speaking training through various exercises; have understood the main ideas of Text A, Text B and Text C, and have mastered the useful sentence structures and words and expressions found in the exercises relevant to the first two texts; know how to use adverbial

5、clauses of result, purpose and comparison; know how to write an adjustment letter; know how to understand school introductions.,1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,Objectives,. Teaching Plan and time Preview; Listening and Speaking: 2 periods Review of the Listening and Speaking Skills the Students Have Learned; Text A

6、the institution was opened in 1829 and reorganized in 1855.,Background Information -McGill University,Background Information -Red Cross,Red Cross,International humanitarian agency dedicated, in time of war, to alleviating the sufferings of wounded soldiers, civilians, and prisoners of war. In time o

7、f peace, it renders medical aid and other help to people afflicted by major disasters such as floods, earthquakes, epidemics, and famines and performs other public service functions.,Background Information -The Springarn Medal,The Springarn Medal,Given by the NAACP the National Association for the A

8、dvancement of Colored People（全国有色人种促进会）, the Springgarn Medal has recognized the highest achievement by black Americans since 1915. Over the years the Springarn Medal has come to signify the highest honor available from the NAACP. Although the significance of the organization declined with the culmi

9、nation of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, the Springarn Medal remains a coveted award. Past winners include statesmen (Ralph Bunche, Martin Luther King), musicians (Marian Anderson, Duke Ellington), authors (Maya Angelou, Alex Haley), politicians (Barbara Jordan, Andrew Young), civil rights

10、leaders (Medger Evans, Rosa Parks), athletes (Jackie Robinson, Hank Aaron), and entertainers (Paul Robeson, Bill Cosby).,Background Information - National,National Historic Landmarks,National Historic Landmarks are nationally significant historic places designated by the Secretary of the Interior be

11、cause they possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States. Today, fewer than 2,500 historic places bear this national distinction. Working with citizens throughout the nation, the National Historic Landmarks Program draws upon the expertise of

12、National Park Service staff who work to nominate new landmarks and provide assistance to existing landmarks. A friends group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, also works to preserve, protect and promote National Historic Landmarks.,Class Presentation.list,.

13、 Class Presentation,Listening person who explores new methods, ideas, etc.拓荒者；开拓者；先驱者，先锋；创始人 e.g.北美的早期开拓者 early pioneers in North America e.g.他的祖父是心脏外科学的先驱之一。 His grandfather was one of the pioneers of heart surgery.,What did Charlie Drew think of the house?,It was as quiet as death.,Text A1-3_Q1,2)

14、 Why was the house so quiet?,Because upstairs his younger sister Elsa lay ill with influenza.,3) Why was the family grief-stricken?,Because less than a week after she became ill, Elsa died.,Paras 1-3 of Text A,4) What caused Drews serious thoughts about making medicine his lifes career?,His younger

15、sisters death.,Text A1-3_Q2,5) What did he win at the age of eight?,He won his first athletic competition a swimming race.,6) Which medical school did he enter after two years teaching of athletics?,He entered medical school at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.,查尔斯德鲁：血库创始人 朱莉娅F利瑟 1. 屋子里一片寂静，死一般

16、的寂静，查利德鲁想；紧接着他就试图摆脱这种想法。屋子里的这片寂静，走路时的蹑手蹑脚，说话时的低声细语这一切正变得让人难以忍受而在楼上，他的妹妹埃尔莎因患流感正卧病在床。 2. 埃尔莎得病后不到一星期就死了，全家人都悲痛欲绝。14岁的查尔斯理查德德鲁第一次认真地考虑了要把医学作为自己的终身职业。 3. 在那之前，体育一直是他生活的动力。8岁时他就赢得了他的第一个运动比赛一次游泳比赛的胜利；自那以后，对他开放的每项运动他都参加。在马里兰州巴尔的摩市摩根学院教了两年体育后，他进了加拿大蒙特利尔市麦吉尔大学的医学院。,Text A1-3 _T,2. As quiet as death, thought

17、 Charlie Drew; then he immediately tried to force the thought from his mind. 死一般的寂静，查利德鲁想；紧接着他就试图摆脱 这种想法。 As quiet as death, thought Charlie Drew. = Charlie Drew thought it was as quiet as death. 这是一种修辞性的省略。 3.Charlie 查利（Charles的昵称）,4. tiptoe :n. 脚趾尖；脚尖 vi. walk quietly and carefully on tiptoe 踮起脚走

18、e.g.孩子睡着了，她踮着脚走到他床前。 She tiptoed to the bed where the child lay asleep. 5. unbearable : a. that cannot be tolerated or endured 难以忍受的；不能容忍的 6.Elsa 埃尔莎（Elizabeth的昵称）,7.lie: vi. to be or remain in a specified condition 处于特定的状态 e.g.他卧病在床。 He lay sick/ill in bed. e.g.他因患流感卧病在床 He lay sick/ill with influe

19、nza e.g.灰尘积在那儿很多年了。 The dust has lain undisturbed for years.,8.grief-stricken : a. overcome with grief 充满悲伤的，极度悲痛的 e.g.这消息使她极为伤心。 The news made her grief-stricken. e.g.那位伟人的突然去世使全国人民极度悲痛。People of the whole country were grief-stricken over the great mans sudden death.,9.Fourteen-year-old Charles Ric

20、hard Drew had his first serious thoughts about making medicine his lifes career. 14岁的查尔斯理查德德鲁第一次认真地考虑了要把 医学作为自己的终身职业。 have serious thoughts about doing sth. :thought about something seriously 意为“认真考虑做某事”。,10.up until then: as far as that time 直到那时，在那时以前 e.g.在那时以前, 我对这事一无所知。 Up until then, I knew not

21、hing at all about it. 11. participate in: vi. take part in参加，参与 e.g.我们应邀参加了讨论。 We were invited to participate in the discussion. 12. be open to: be available to or used by可供使用；对开放,e.g.所有的学生都可以参加这项比赛。 The competition is open to all students. e.g.这座花园向公众开放。 This garden is open to the public. 13.from t

22、hen on: starting then and continuing 从那时起 e.g.从那时起, 他似乎不喜欢她了。 He seemed to have taken a dislike to her from then on.,14. Morgan College 摩根学院 15.Baltimore巴尔的摩市 16.Maryland 马里兰州 17. McGill University 麦吉尔大学 18. Montreal 蒙特利尔（加拿大东南部港市）,Dr.John Beattie, his instructor at McGill.,Text A _4-5_Q,7) Who enco

23、uraged Drew to go into blood research?,His special project was to determine how blood could be preserved and used for transfusion.,8) What was his special project at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital?,He discovered that if blood were refrigerated at a certain temperature immediately after being taken,

24、it could be kept for as long as two weeks.,9) What did he discover at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital?,Paras4-5,就读麦吉尔期间，他和英国籍导师约翰贝蒂博士成了好朋友。有一天,贝蒂博士作了一个关于血液构造与血型的讲座。德鲁在导师的鼓励下，决定从事血液研究。 在得到纽约市哥伦比亚大学长老会医院提供的为期两年的外科学研究奖学金后，他的专题研究方向为测定如何能保存血液并用于输血。他发现，如果血液采集后立即以一定的温度冷冻，它就能保存两星期之久。他递交了一份在医院里建立血库的详细计划；院方投票通

25、过了对一项为期四个月的实验的经费资助。项目启动时，工作人员纷纷献血。志愿者受到鼓励，所有血型都保存备用。此课题成了该医院的一项永久性的工作。,Text A _4-5_T,19.While attending McGill, he became good friends with Dr. John Beattie, a British instructor. 在就读麦吉尔期间，他和英国籍导师约翰贝蒂博士成 了好朋友。 While attending McGill, = While he was attending McGill, 在时间,地点,条件,方式或让步等状语从句中， 如主语和主句的主语一

26、致,谓语的一部分是助动 词be,则可省略从句中的主语和be。 20. John Beattie 约翰贝蒂（人名）,21. deliver / give a lecture on 作一个关于的讲座 22. fellowship : n. the position or stipend of a fellow of a college or university; award of money to a graduate student in return for some teaching, research assistance, etc. (大学中)研究员的职位(或薪金)；(大学研究生的)奖

27、 学金,23.Presbyterian a. (of a church, esp. of the national Church of Scotland) governed by elders who are all equal in rank (指基督教教会，尤指苏格兰国立教会)长老制的 n. person who is a member of the Presbyterian Church 长老会教友 24.transfusion : n. act or process of putting one persons blood into another persons body 输血 25

28、.He discovered that if blood was refrigerated at a certain temperature immediately after being taken, it could be kept for as long as two weeks.,他发现，如果血液采集后立即以一定的温度冷冻，它就能保 存两星期之久。 after being taken = after it /blood was taken 26.submit vt. give (sth.) (to sb.) so that it may be considered, decided o

29、n, etc. (向某人)提交(或呈递)(某物)以供考虑,裁决等 e.g. In case of dispute ,it shall be first settled through friendly negotiation ,and if negotiation fails , it shall be submitted for arbitration. 遇有争议，首先应通过友好协商解决，如果协商不 能解决问题，则应提交仲裁。 submitted my test papers,27.vote 1. v. 1) formally express an opinion or choice by

30、vote 投票；选举；表决 e.g.他们对这项动议投了赞成票。 They voted yes on the motion. e.g.请投约翰逊一票他是人民之友! Vote for Johnson the peoples friend! agree to provide (money, etc.) as the result of a rote 投票通过提供（钱等） e.g.委员会投票通过再拨1 000美元给体育俱乐部 The committee voted the Sports Club an extra $1,000.,2.n. 选票；投票；选举；表决 secret vote无记名投票 e.

31、g.我投史密斯先生的票。 I gave my vote to Mr. Smith. 28.on hand: available, ready to be used or to do sth. if needed 现有，在手头，在近处 e.g.吉姆手头没有现钱付汽油费。 Jim had no cash on hand to pay for the gas.,Text A _6-7_Q,His thesis summarized his work at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital and was titled “Banked Blood.”,10) What wa

32、s Drews thesis about?,He discovered that plasma could be given to any patient regardless of blood type.,11) What did he discover about plasma?,Paras. 6-7,Text A _6-7_T,1940年，哥伦比亚大学授予德鲁理学博士学位。他的学位论文总结了他在哥大长老会医院的工作，题目为储存入库的血液。 德鲁博士的实验表明，保存期超过两周的血液即开始变质，而他便不会用它来进行输血。他发现不管什么血型的病人都能接受血浆。不久，一些急诊病人由于及时输入了血

33、浆而获救。接着，德鲁博士又做了把水分从血浆中抽掉的实验，因为干血浆能保存长得多的时间，而且能运送到更远的地方去。需要时，干血浆晶体可以和水调和在一起，很像我们用饮料粉兑出软饮料来一样。,29. Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学 30. summarize : vt. make a summary of; sum up 概括；总结 e.g.史密斯先生只用几句话就概括了当前的形势 Mr. Smith summarized the current situation in a few words. 31. bank : vt. put (money) in a bank; sto

34、re (blood) in a blood bank 把(钱)存入银行；把(血液)储藏入库 32.deteriorate : vi. become worse in quality or condition 恶化，变坏；变质,e.g.这个国家的高速公路正在迅速衰退。 The nations highways are deteriorating at a rapid pace. e.g.两国的关系去年开始恶化 Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate last year. 33. injection : n. act of

35、injecting 注射 34.plasma:n.liquid part of the blood 血浆 35.extract :vt. pull or take out (sth.) using care and some strength; obtain (juices, etc.) by crushing, pressing, etc. 拔出；取 出；榨出；压出,从大豆中榨油extract oil from soybeans e.g.从发言中摘出几段话 extract several passages from the speech 36.so that: 1. in order tha

36、t 以便（从句中通常 带情态动词） 2. with the result or consequence that 因此，所以 e.g.我停下来以便你能赶上。 I stopped so that you could catch up. .,e.g.此后没有收到他的消息,于是我们开始怀疑发生什么意外。 Nothing was heard from him so that we begin to wonder if something had happed to him. 37.crystal : n . 水晶；结晶，结晶体 水晶珠项链a necklace of crystals 盐的结晶体salt

37、 crystals e.g.餐桌上摆的银餐具和晶质玻璃器皿闪闪发光。 The dining table shone with silver and crystal. (shine shone shone),38.When needed, the dried crystals could be mixed with water, much as we mix soft drinks from powders. 需要时，干血浆晶体可以和水调和在一起，很像 我们用饮料粉兑出软饮料一样。 When needed, = When they were needed,Text A _8-9_Q,12) Ho

38、w many ampules of dried plasma did Dr. Beattie want?,5,000 ampules.,13) How did Dr. Drew secure the wanted plasma?,He immediately set to work and organized the “Blood for Britain” campaign.,Paras. 8-9 of Text A,Text A _8-9_T,第二次世界大战之初，德鲁从前在麦吉尔时的导师贝蒂博士给他发来一份加急电报。电文说:“你能弄到5 000支供输血用的干血浆吗？3至4周后再寄同样的数量。

39、” 德鲁博士惊呆了。他知道全世界也没有这么多干血浆。但他从未犹豫。他立刻着手工作，组织了“为英国献血”的运动。不计其数的生命因此而得救。,39.former : a. of an earlier period or time 以前的 e.g.那家商店以前的店主是约翰逊先生。 The former owner of that shop was Mr. Johnson. e.g.这幢建筑从前是政府办公大楼，但现在已用作实验室。 In former times the building was a government office, but it is currently in use as a

40、laboratory. 40.urgent cablegram/cable加急电报 e.g.他收到一封从伦敦来的加急电报。,He received an urgent cablegram from London. 我们已去加急电报通知你方。 We have already advised you by urgent cable. 41.“Could you secure 5,000 ampules of dried plasma for transfusion?” it said. 句中secure 意为manage to get or obtain “弄到，获得”。 电文说:“你能弄到5 0

41、00支供输血用的干血浆吗？”,e.g.他真幸运，找到了一份这么好的工作。 Hes lucky to have secured himself such a good job. e.g.他只获得了540张选票。 He secured only 540 votes. 42.ampule : n. (=ampoule) small sealed container holding a liquid, esp. for injection 安瓿(装液体的密封小瓶,尤指注射针剂),43.stun : vt. shock very much 使震惊；使目瞪口呆 e.g.这突如其来的消息使他目瞪口呆。 He

42、 was stunned by the sudden news. e.g.山中的自然美景令游客叹为观止。 The natural beauty of the mountain stuns the visitors. 44.hesitate : vi. be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or unwilling 犹豫；踌躇；迟疑,e.g.士兵们不惜为国献身。 Soldiers do not hesitate to give their lives for their country.: Soldiers give their

43、lives for their country without any hesitate. 45.countless : a. numerous; too many to be counted 无数的；多得数不清的 e.g.她经过无数次失败后才取得了成功。 She succeeded only after countless failures.,e.g. Countless lives were saved because of it. 不计其数的生命因此而得救。 句中it指前句中的campaign。,Text A _10-12_Q,14) What did Dr. Drew do to ai

44、d American soldiers injured on the battlefield?,Dr. Drew set up a blood procurement program.,15) What is the difference between blood taken from blacks and that from whites?,No difference in the blood can be discerned.,16) How did Dr. Drew die?,He was seriously injured in a car accident and died en

45、route to a hospital.,Paras 10- 12 of T ext A,Text A _10-12_T,次年，美国红十字会请德鲁博士制定一个采血计划，以救助那些在战场上受伤的美国士兵。此时德鲁博士面临着一个新问题：有些美国人要求把采自黑人的血液单独保存，只用于黑人。当由此引起一场争论，记者们要求德鲁博士说句话时，他告诉他们：在实验室里看不出不同人种的血液有什么区别，没有必要那样做。 1943年，德鲁获得了斯普林安奖章，以表彰“在前一场战争中一个美国黑人取得的最崇高、最卓越的成就”。 1950年4月，德鲁博士与其他三位医生离开华盛顿去出席一个在亚拉巴马州塔斯基吉研究所召开的会议

46、。他在北卡罗来纳州伯林顿附近翻了车，受伤严重，急需输血，在去医院的途中死去，时年45岁。,46.procurement : n. obtaining 获得,采购,收购 to set up a blood procurement program 制定一个采血计划 政府采购 government procurement 粮食收购部门grain procurement agencies 47.Some Americans demanded that blood taken from blacks be kept separate and used only for blacks. 有些美国人要求把采

47、自黑人的血液单独保存，只用于黑人。 本句中demanded后面的宾语从句使用了(should )+ v. 的虚拟语气，should省略了。,48.(When a controversy arose and journalists asked Dr. Drew for a statement,) he told them (that no difference in the blood could be discerned in the laboratory (that would cause a need for such a practice. ) 当由此引起一场争论，记者们要求德鲁博士说句

48、话时，他告 诉他们：在实验室里看不出不同人种的血液有什么区别，没 有必要那样做。 在由When引导的时间状语从句中，and连接两个并列句。 在句中的两个that分别引出一个宾语从句和一个定语从句， 定语从句中的关系代词that指代前面的no difference。,49.controversy n. public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth. which many people disagree with 争论；辩论 科学上的争论a scientific controversy 和某人就某事进行论战 be in a

49、 controversy with sb. on sth. 引起许多争论 give rise to much controversy,50. journalist: n. person who works or writes for a newspaper, magazine, etc. 新闻记者 e.g.他是中国日报的记者。 Hes a journalist on the China Daily. 体育记者sports journalist 51.discern : vt. see, judge, realize (sth.) with difficulty 看出;觉察出;识别；认识到 e.

50、g.我们从他的表情觉察不出什么来。 We discerned nothing from his expression.,e.g.外面一片漆黑, 他只勉强能认出路来 It was so dark outside that he was just able to discern the road. 52. Springarn Medal 斯普林安奖章 53. noble : a. having or showing an excellent character; worthy of honor 高尚的；崇高的,a noble soul高尚的心灵 a man of noble mind思想高尚的人

51、a noble sight/view壮观的景色 a noble horse骏马 e.g. Its very noble of him to spend all his weekends helping the old folk. 他非常高尚，把所有的周末都用来帮助老年人。 54. preceding : a. coming before in position, order, etc. 在前的，在先的，前面的,前一晚the preceding night 在前一章in the preceding chapter 55. Tuskegee Institute 塔斯基吉研究所 56. overtu

52、rn : vi. turn over or upside- down 翻倒，倾覆，翻转 e.g.车翻了，司机受了重伤。 The car overturned and the driver was seriously injured. 47. Burlington 伯林顿（美国北卡罗来纳州中北 部城市）,48.in need of: having need of 需要 e.g.他受伤了，急需帮助。 He was hurt, and in urgent need of help. 49.route : n. way taken or planned to get from one place to

53、 another 路；路途；路 e.g.那个邮递员负责这条投递线路。 That postman is in charge of this route. 50.en route (to) :Frenchon the way (to)(somewhere) 法在(去某地的)途中,e.g.我们在去广交会的途中。 We are en route to the Chinese Commodities Fair in Guangzhou. e.g.饭店在所经过的路上 The restaurant was en route.,Topics for Discussion.,1. 2.,Text A Exerc

54、ises_3,What do you know about blood transfusion? What is your attitude towards blood donation?,Text A Exercises,Drew thought seriously about making medicine his lifes career .,Charlie Drew decided to make his lifes career.,Part Topic Paragraph(s) Main Idea,1,Read Text A again and complete the follow

55、ing table.,1,Text A Exercises_4.1,Reading Analysis,medicine,_,His younger sister died of .,influenza,_,2,3,Drew entered school.,medical,_,Drew discovered the use of .,Text A Exercises _4.2,Drews research on blood transfusion,2,4,Drew was encouraged .,Part Topic Paragraph(s) Main Idea,by his instruct

56、or,_,5-6,Drew researched how blood could be and for transfusion.,preserved,_,used,_,7,plasma,_,3,the highest and noblest achievement by a American,black,_,8-9,Drew organized the “ ” campaign.,Blood for Britain,_,10-11,Drew received the Spingarn Medal.,Text A Exercises _4.3,4,Now retell the main idea

57、 of the passage by using the information in the table you have completed.,Part Topic Paragraph(s) Main Idea,12,the death of Dr. Drew,Drew died in at the age of 45.,a car accident,_,Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.,Text A Exercises -5.1,deteriorate disc

58、ern former immediate overturn mix noble submit summarize unbearable urgent vote,1. Many people are in need of food and water. 2. You must your application before January 1st. His followers believe they are fighting for a cause. Relations between the two countries sharply in recent weeks. 5. A five-day week has found a(n) welcome and much popularity since it was officially adopted across the country. 6. I could just his figure in the distance.,Vocabulary,urgent,_,submit,_,noble,_,have deteriorated,_,immediate,_,disce