语言学期末复习练习及答案

1、英语语言学 期末预测及答案Translate the following terms into Chinese: (0.5%10=5%)1) affricate 2)distinctive feature 3) parole 4) generative grammar 5) bilingualism 6) felicity condition 7) design feature 8) denotation 9) labiodental 10) linguistic relativityTranslate the following terms into English:(0.5%10=5%)1

2、1)人际功能 12) 真值条件 13)女性语域 14)音节划分 15)结构主义16)社会语言学 17) 论元 18)单元音 19)衔接 20)对比分析 III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. (1%20=20%)1). language is a system of

3、 arbitrary _ symbols used for human communication. A. cultural B. conventional C. decoded D. vocal2). A word with several meanings is called _.A. an abnormal word B. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous word D. none of the above3). There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the

4、 word “learned” is known as a(n) _.A. derivational morpheme B. free morphemeC. inflectional morpheme D. free form4). The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite5). “I picked some tulips.” _ “I picked some flowers.”.A. entails B. presupposesC. is incon

5、sistent with D. is synonymous with6). Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner7) “Can I borrow your bike?” _ “You have a bike.”A. i

6、s synonymous with B. is inconsistent withC. entails D. presupposes 8) The study of language at one point of time is a _ study. A. synchronic B. historic C. diachronic D. descriptive9) Which of the following is a typical tone language? A. English B. Chinese C. French D. All of the above10) Two alloph

7、ones of the same phoneme are said to be in _. A. phonemic contrast B. complementary distribution C. minimal pair D. none of the above11) In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds tdszn share the feature of _.A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental12) Transformational Generativ

8、e Grammar was introduced by _ in 1957.A. L. Bloomfield B. N. Chomsky C. F. Saussure D. M. A. K. Halliday13) Which of the following is a correct description of reference? A. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaning B. the set of all objects which can pote

9、ntially be referred to by an expression C. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expression used in an utterance to pick out that object D. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items14) What is function of the sentence “How do you do? A. Directive B. Phatic C. In

10、formative D. Evocative15) In the following sounds, _is a central vowel. A. / B. /u/ C. / D. /16) Which of the following languages has the syllabic writing system? A. Chinese B. Japanese C. English D. French17) Which description of the meaning components of the word “father” is right? A. +human, +adu

11、lt,-male B. +human, -adult, +male C. human, +adult, -male D. +human, +adult, +male18) Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics. A. meaning B. context C. form D. content19) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological, morphologica

12、l and syntactic systems which are _. A. rule-governed B. systematic C. arbitrary D. both A and B20) “Hot dog” with the first syllable stressed means _. A. an overheated animal B. a kind of food C. a barking dog D. a dead dog IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:(15 pt

13、s, 1 point for each)Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: (1%15=15%)1) Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.2) According to N. Chomsky, “competence” is the actual realization of his knowledge in utterance.3) A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.4)

14、 Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.5) Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns of a language.6) Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.7) The English spelling exactly represents its pron

15、unciation.8) Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.9) According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symbol and referent, i.e. between a word and a thing it refers to.10) A referring expression can be

16、 used to refer to nonexistent things.11) All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed.12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the utterance.14) Social

17、 dialects, or sociolects, are varieties of language used by people belonging to particular social classes.15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic competence. V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given

18、as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%10=10%)1) The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a_ phonetics, auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.2) One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of

19、 speech over w_.3) S_ studies the sentence structure of language.4) C_ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.5) The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are h_.6) H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_ transcription.7) Linguistics f

20、ound that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the c_ of language use was left unconsidered.8) Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a _of messages.9) Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between languages is re

21、lative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the Sapir-Whorf h_.10)S_ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language. II.Translate the following terms: (0.5%20=10%)Translate the following terms into Chinese: (0.5%10=5%)1)塞擦音 2)区别性特征 3) 言语 4)生成语法 5)双语现象 6)适切条件 7)结构特征 8)外延 9)唇齿音 10)语言相对论Translate the following terms into English:(0.5%10=5%)11)interpersonal function 12) truth condition 13)w