高中英语语法------独立主格结构课件.ppt

1、,一独立主格结构,独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中做 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。 作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语。,状语,名词或代词,结构: 名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing 作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1._, they left the meeting room.（问题解决了）（settle） 2._ ,well go there on foot.

2、 (时间允许的话)(permit) 3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在头下) _(cross),This problem settled,Time permitting,his hands crossed under his head.,()名词/代词 + (being) 形容词,_ ,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了) 2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子冻得通红) _ （red） ()名词代词（being) 副词 He put on his socks，_ . （反的一面在外

3、面）(out),His mother (being) ill,his nose red with cold.,wrong side out,()名词代词不定式,C,The last guest to arrive,（）名词代词介词短语,在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, _.(手上一本书) 2._ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）,book in hand,Flag on shoulder,

4、()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在“being+过去分词”或“there being过去分词”结构中，being不可省。,1._, he went to school. (早餐结束后)（over） 2._,she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因) 3._, we cant go there. (房间正在被油漆),Breakfast (being) over,There being no cause for alarm,The room bei

5、ng painted now,二With和without复合结构,with + 宾语 +,形容词 副词 名词 介词短语 v-ing v-ed to do,主动、进行 被动、完成 将要发生,逻辑主语,（）with/without名词代词现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。,I couldnt finish my work with those children _ . A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around,A,1. , the weather is becoming hotter

6、and hotter. 随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。 2. ，she felt a bit uneasy . 老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。,With summer coming,With the teacher standing beside,活学巧用,() with/without 名词代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 In the reading-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix,C,1

7、. , she felt greatly relieved. 工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。 2. , he looks much younger. 理了头发，他显得年轻多了。,With the work done,With his hair cut,活学巧用,() with/without名词代词不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。,1. With a lot of difficult problems _ , the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D.

8、being settled,C,2.因为有太多的作业要做，所以我们不能出去玩。,With so much work to do, we cant go out to play.,()with/without名词代词形容词。 She sleeps with the window open. 她开着窗户睡觉.,她父母死了，那女孩只好辍学。,With her parents dead, the girl had to leave school.,(V) with/without+名词代词介词短语。 1.He sleeps . (手上拿着一本书） 2. A girl got on the bus. （

9、脖子上带着条项链）,with a book in his hand.,with a necklace around her neck,The girl looked up with tears in her eyes. 那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。,(I) with/without+名词代词副词。,_ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through,C,1.The square looks more beautiful . 所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加

10、美丽。 , Tom becomes more naughty. 父母不在，汤姆变得更淘气。,活学巧用,with all the lights on,2. With his parents away,三with和without复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化,（） with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句 中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。,（）作时间状语 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn

11、 yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.,（）作原因状语,With the key lost, she could not enter the room. =The key lost, she could not enter the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.,(3)作条件状语,With time permitti

12、ng, well visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =If time permits, well visit the Summer Palace.,(4)作伴随状语,Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are

13、the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.,() with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。,Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.,1._ ten minutes _ before t

14、he last train left, we arrived at the station. A. There were; to go B. With; to go C. I was; left D. It had; left 2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _ . A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 3._ the lights off, we could

15、 not go on with the work. A. Until B. As C. With D. Because,活学巧用,4.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of 5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being 6. _ , the runners raced on to the finishing lin

16、e. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands 7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _ . A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled,8._ ,the work can be done much better. A. Given more time B. We had

17、 been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had given 9.Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. will permit C. to permit D. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. It is C. It being D. Having been,非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。,指点迷津,一、分析句子结构 1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 2. _ many