半开放式作文训练.ppt

1、半开放式作文训练,半开放式作文,【写作指导】 半开放式作文是近年来英语学科书面表达的一个趋势和要求，是一种常见题型。所谓“半开放”是指试题给出部分要点，考生自己再增加一些要点。这样的作文可以分为两大部分:试题给出的材料和自己增加的材料。在写给出材料时一定注意不要遗漏要点，更不要曲解试题的意思。在写自己增加部分时也不可以随意发挥，要吃透命题人的意思。例如:关于中学生是否可以把手机带进教室，我们最好不赞成带手机进教室，因为命题人一般是大中学校的老师，他们是不会赞成学生带手机进教室的。,wlonely,最近教育部就高中取消文理分科的可能性和可操作性，广泛征集意见。消息一经传出，立即成为人们热议的话题

2、。社会各方对此存在严重分歧。请你给China Daily写一篇文章，阐述分歧，并发表自己的观点（至少两点）。,要求：1）可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 2）词数：150字左右。短文开头已为你写好，不计入词数。 参考词汇： 1文理分科：divide students into science and art 2文科生；liberal art students 3理科生：science students The Ministry of Education has been collecting opinions on the possibility and feasibility of

3、ending the separation of science and arts in high schools. But opinions are different.,wlonely,解题指导 1. 谋篇布局，拟定框架。 本文可分四段写： 第一段：导入话题。(试卷上已给出了.) 第二段：专家的观点:支持文理分科及其理由. 第三段：学生和家长的观点. 第四段：你自己的观点. 2. 写作模板: 这篇作文属于”支持与反对观点陈述类”,可套用作文训练材 料的A模板(P1,叫学生找出该模板) Most experts hold the view that . . However , many st

4、udents and parents have just the opposite opinion. In my opinion , .,wlonely,3. 统筹时态、人称： 时态：整篇文章用一般现在时，个别地方可能会用到“一将”。 人称：陈述专家或学生及家长的看法时，用第三人称： Most experts ， many students and parents ，they . 发表自己的观点时，用第一人称I。 4.推敲要点表达方法: 1)取消文理分科有利于学生全面发展。 取消文理分科: the ending of the division of science and art, 全面发展:

5、 all-round development / development in an all-around way / integrated development 如果你不知道”全面发展”怎样表达,你可以将上句婉转写成:文理分科影响学生的综合素质. affect the overall quality of students. 2)导致的缺乏: lead to / result in sb.s lacking . 3)不关心社会学科: not care about social science , such as. 4)将加重学生学习负担: put more pressure and bur

6、dens on students,wlonely,5)分科尊重学生个体差异。这句话可分解成: 每个学生都有自己的长处和弱点, 分科是尊重学生的意愿. have ones own advantages /strengths and weaknesses, show respect for ones opinion/interest . 5.难点: 半开放式作文难就难在自己的观点上.会写的,就能得到另外两个要点的分;不会写的或观点不恰当的,就可能失分.因此,发表自己的观点非常重要. 对于文理分科, 你可以说: 过早分科不利于学生未来的发展;如果现行的考试制度不改革, 就没有必要谈论这个问题; 最后

7、要求教育部对此事要慎重考虑.,wlonely,6. 要点提炼: 要点1: 专家赞成取消文理分科. Most experts support to end the separation of science and arts. Most experts are in favor of ending the division of science and arts. Some experts support the ending of the division of science and arts . Some experts hold the view that the division of

8、 science and arts should be ended /cancelled .,wlonely,要点2:取消文理分科有利于学生全面发展。 The ending of the separation of science and arts contributes to students overall development . The ending of the division of subjects helps students develop in an all-around way . The ending of the division of subjects is go

9、od for students integrated development . The separation/division of subjects affects the overall quality of students.,wlonely,要点3:分科会导致部分文科学生理科知识缺乏，部分理科学生不关心社会学科。 The division/separation of subjects leads to some art studentslacking science knowledge while science students dont care about social sci

10、ence. The division/separation of subjects result in some art studentslack of science knowledge and science students not caring about social subjects, such as history and politics . 要点4: 家长和学生反对取消分科. Many parents and students oppose the ending of the separation / division of subjects . Many parents a

11、nd students are against the ending of the division of subjects .,wlonely,要点5:取消文理分科将加重学生学习负担。 The ending of the separation of subjects will put more pressure and burdens on students . The ending of the separation of subjects will add more pressure and burdens to students . The ending of the separati

12、on of subjects will increase students pressure and burdens . 要点6:分科尊重学生个体差异。 The division of subjects means showing respect for students interest . 自己观点1: Dividing subjects too early is not good for students future development. 自己观点2: The Ministry of Education had better take a careful attitude towa

13、rd this problem.,wlonely,连句成文: Sample I Most experts are in favor of ending the separation of science and arts . For one reason , the ending of the division of subjects contributes to students development in an all-around way . For another, dividing subjects will lead to art students lacking science

14、 knowledge while some science students wont care about social subjects, such as history and politics . However, some parents and students have the opposite opinion . They think the ending of the division of subjects will add more pressure and burdens to students . Dividing subjects means showing res

15、pect for students interest as each student has his or her own strengths and weaknesses . In my opinion , dividing subjects too early is not good for students future development. I hope the Ministry of Education had better take a careful attitude toward this problem.,wlonely,Most experts, who support

16、 the ending of the division of science and art, insist that the division of subjects strongly affect the overall quality of our people, and they also think that it will result in some art students lacking science knowledge and some science students not caring about important subjects like society, s

17、ocial science , history and so on. However, many students and parents oppose this opinion, saying that canceling the division of subjects means putting more pressure and burdens on students, while focusing on fewer courses enables students to do better in their favorite subjects. Furthermore, each s

18、tudent has his or her own advantages and weaknesses, which needs to be encouraged. In my opinion, dividing subjects too early is not good for students future development. For one thing, it is unnecessary to talk about this issue if the present system of examination isnt reformed, and for another the

19、 Ministry of Education had better take a careful attitude toward this problem.,wlonely,Thats all .,wlonely,半开放式作文 假如你们班在“珍爱生命，拒闯红灯”的教育活动中，召开了一次主题班会。请你根据下表内容，用英语写一篇短文。,注意：1.内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯; 2.参考词汇：乱穿马路jaywalk; 3.词数：120-150。,wlonely,解题指导,谋篇布局,拟定框架 首先:引出话题. 其次:描述现状及闯红灯的危害. 最后:对闯红灯的处罚措施及自己的看法. 二. 统筹时态、人称

20、 时态：引出话题用“一过”，其它的用“一现”。 人称：第一人称：we , I ;第三人称： passers-by, they。 三.列出要点: 最近,我们班召开了一次主题班会, 主题是”珍爱生命,拒闯红灯”(引出话题) 一些行人不遵守交通规则,经学闯红灯、乱穿马路.(描述现状) 乱穿马路妨碍交通, 影响车辆的正常行驶.（危害1） 容易引发事故,危及他人及自身的安全.（危害2） 为了处理这种情况，政府已采取了措施。 批语教育乱穿马路者，使其认识到其危害。（措施1） 抓到闯红灯或乱穿马路者，当场给予警告或罚款。（措施2） 我认为，应将闯红灯者报告给其工作单位并把他们公诸于众。（自己的看法） 遵守交

21、通规则，拒闯红灯，我们应从自身做起。（结束语）,wlonely,四. 推敲要点表达法 最近,我们班召开了一次主题班会, 主题是”珍爱生命,拒闯红灯”. 召开了一次主题班会, 主题是.: hold a class meeting with the theme of / hold a class meeting whose theme is hold a class meeting named/titled 珍爱生命,拒闯红灯: Love life , Dont Jaywalk /No Jaywalking /Refuse Jaywalking 表达1: Recently our class/we

22、 held a class meeting with the theme of “ Love Life , Refuse Jaywalking”. 表达2: Recently we held a class meeting titled “Love Life , No Jaywalking”. 扩展句: We discussed the problem of passers-by crossing the street while the traffic light is red . “,wlonely,2. 一些行人不遵守交通规则,经常闯红灯、乱穿马路. 行人: passer-by, 复数:

23、passers-by 遵守交通规则: obey traffic rules 闯红灯、乱穿马路: jaywalk / cross the street while the traffic light is red 表达1: Some passers-by dont obey traffic rules and jaywalk frequently . 表达2: Some passers-by dont obey traffic rules .They usually cross the street while the traffic light is red .,wlonely,3. 乱穿马路

24、妨碍交通, 影响车辆的正常行驶. 乱穿马路:jaywalking (V-ing作主语) 妨碍交通:block traffic /导致交通堵塞:result in traffic jam 影响车辆的正常行驶: prevent cars from running smoothly/normally; /affect cars normal running 表达1: Jaywalking blocks traffic , which prevents cars from running smoothly. 表达2:Jaywalking result s in /leads to traffic ja

25、m and affects cars normal running .,wlonely,4. 容易引发事故,危及他人及自身的安全. 引发事故: cause/lead to /result in accidents to happen 危及的安全: endanger the safety of sb. / do harm to the safety of sb. 他人及自身:指的是闯红灯者自身及其他人 jaywalkers and other people , passers-by and drivers , drivers and others 表达1: It easily causes ac

26、cidents to happen and endangers the safety of jaywalkers and other people.表达2: It easily leads to accidents to happen and does harm to the safety of passers-by and drivers themselves.,wlonely,5. 为了处理这种情况，政府已采取了措施。 表达1: In order to deal with this situation , the government has taken some measures . 表

27、达2: The government has taken some measures to solve this problem. 表达3: Some measures have been taken to solve this problem. 6. 批评教育乱穿马路者，使其认识到其危害。 批评教育: criticize and educate sb. 认识到其危害: realize/ become aware of the dangers of doing so 表达: When caught jaywalking , the passers-by are criticized and e

28、ducated so that they will become aware of the dangers of doing so .,wlonely,7. 抓到闯红灯或乱穿马路者，当场给予警告或罚款。 警告: warn 罚款: be fined 当场: on the spot 表达: Jaywalkers are warned and fined on the spot . 8. 我认为，应将闯红灯者报告给其工作单位并把他们公诸于众。 将报告给: report sb. to 工作单位: work unit /company 公诸于众: expose sb. to the public 表达1

29、: In my opinion, jaywalkers should be reported to their companies and exposed to the public . 表达2: As far as I am concerned, the traffic police should report jaywalker to their work units and expose them to the public .,wlonely,9.遵守交通规则，拒闯红灯，我们应从自身做起。 从自身做起: start from oneself 表达: As for obeying tra

30、ffic rules and refusing jaywalking , we must start from ourselves. 五. 连句成文: 用过渡词将每个要点串连成一篇通顺的文章.,wlonely,【模板展示】 Recently we held a class meeting to discuss the problem of (讨论的问题). As we can see, (这种事件的现实情况). (造成的结果). It is really a pity to see all this in our society. To deal with the situation, the

31、 government has taken some measures. (具体已经采取了什么样的措施). We should (你认为还要怎么做).,wlonely,Recently our class held a class meeting with the theme of “ Love Life , Refuse Jaywalking”. We discussed the problem of passers-by crossing the street while the traffic light is red . As we can see , some passers-by

32、dont obey traffic rules and jaywalk frequently . Jaywalking blocks traffic , which prevents cars from running smoothly. Besides, it easily leads to accidents to happen and does harm to passers-by and the drivers themselves. It is really a pity to see all this in our society. To deal with this situat

33、ion, the government has taken some measures. When caught jaywalking, the passers-by are criticized and educated so that they will realize the dangers of doing so, or they are warned and fined on the spot. In my opinion, jaywalkers should be reported to their companies and exposed to the public . In

34、a word , as for obeying traffic rules and refusing jaywalking , we must start from ourselves.,wlonely,【佳篇品读】 Recently we held a class meeting to discuss the problem of passers-by crossing the street while the traffic light is red. As we can see, some passers-by dont obey traffic rules and jaywalk fr

35、equently. This blocks traffic, seriously affects drivers and causes accidents to happen, endangering the safety of passers-by and drivers. In a word, jaywalking produces negative effects and does not help develop good social behaviour. It is really a pity to see all this in our society. To deal with

36、 the situation, the government has taken some measures. When caught jaywalking, the passers-by are criticized so that they will become aware of the dangers of doing so, or they are fined on the spot. Sometimes the traffic police will report jaywalkers at their workplace and expose them to the public

37、. However, it will still take a long time to stop passers-by from jaywalking. We should start from ourselves right now.,wlonely,Thats all .,wlonely,半开放式作文III,某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”，现向全球征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文。 注意：可适当展开，以使行文连贯 。,wlonely,解题指导,谋篇布局,拟定框架 先陈述Advantages of

38、 smiling, 然后写你想对哪些人微 笑及其理由。 二. 统筹人称、时态 陈述微笑的好处时，用第三人称smile/smiling, it; 后面 就会用到第一人称I或第三人称：my parents/ teachers/ friends, they , life/it 等。时态: 一现, 一将. 三. 列出要点 Advantages of smiling . I want to smile at my parents . Why ? I want to smile at my teachers . Why ? I want to smile at my friends . Why ? I w

39、ant to smile at life. Why ? I want to smile at myself . Why ?,wlonely,四. 推敲要点表达法 1. 陈述微笑的好处: 引语: There are many advantages of smiling . / The advantages of smiling can be seen as follows . 微笑的好处: (选一两个好处来陈述即可.) Smiling/A smile can not only make us happy , but also please others .微笑不但能使自己快乐, 而且还能使别人愉

40、悦. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers . 微笑能帮助我们度过难关, 并在陌生的世界找到朋友. A smile can open doors and tear down walls . It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone , to ask for help or to start a con

41、versation. 微笑能敲开大门,拆除高墙, 用来表达任何情感.,wlonely,wlonely,A smile can break ice/tear down walls and draw near interpersonal relationships. 微笑能融化坚冰/拆除高墙, 拉近人与人之间的关系. 2. I want to smile at my parents . Why ? 表达一: They have given me life and taken all the troubles to bring me up . 表达二: They have given me much

42、 love and a warm family .I want to say “Thank you” to them . 表达三: I want them to know Im happy so that they wont be worried about me . 3. I want to smile at my teachers . Why ? 表达:They work hard to educate us . / They give us knowledge. With their help, I have made great progress . 表达一: They help us

43、 open the treasure house of knowledge. 表达二: They carry us to the other side of knowledge. 表达三: They help us climb up the peak of knowledge.,4. I want to smile at my friends . Why ? 表达一: A smile can strengthen/add to our friendship. 表达二: They often help me when Im in trouble . 表达三: They always encour

44、age me whenever I feel down . 5. I want to smile at life. Why ? 表达一: If I smile at life, life will smile on me in return. 表达二: Life is hard . A smile can help me get through difficult situations in life . 6. I want to smile at myself . Why ? 表达一:A smile can make me full of confidence and courage . 表

45、达二:A smile can make me feel confident , brave and optimistic. 表达三: A smile can make me happier and stronger . 五. 连句成文:,wlonely,【模板展示】 I Want to Smile (第一要点概括句，例如:There are many advantages of smiling.) (分要点一). (分要点二). So (结论). First, (第二要点概括). （展开一句或两句）. Then (第三要点). （展开一句或两句）. In a word, (或In my opi

46、nion/Personally) (总结；提出自己的看法等).,wlonely,There are many advantages of smiling. It can not only make us happy, but also please others. If we smile at life, life will smile on us in return. So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible. First, I would like to smile at my parents because they

47、 have given me life and taken all the troubles to bring me up. Second, I want to smile at my teachers. They help me with my lessons. With their help, I have made great progress. I would like to say “Thank you” to them with a smile. Then my smile should go to my friends . They always encourage me whe

48、never I feel down . Next, I will smile at life . Since life is hard , why dont we face it with a smile ? Finally , I will greet myself every morning with a smile , for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life. In a word, lets greet every day with

49、 a smile. Tomorrow is another day.,wlonely,wlonely,People often say , “A smile can make you ten years younger.” So it is . The advantages of a smile can be seen as follows . A smile can break ice and draw near interpersonal relationships. Besides, we can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone ,

50、to ask for help or to start a conversation. So I want to smile at everybody and everything. First , I want to smile at my parents because they have given me much love and a warm family . I want to say “Thank you” to them .Second, I would like to smile at my teachers for the reason that they help us

51、open the treasure house of knowledge. Third , I want to give smiles to my friends, for they often help me when Im in trouble . Next , I should smile at life. Life is hard . A smile can help me get through difficult situations in life . Finally, I will smile at myself because a smile can make me feel

52、 confident , brave and optimistic. In this way , I can feel happier and stronger . Therefore, lets smile every day .,wlonely,半开放式作文IV,请从以下几方面描写”怎样才算是一个好学生?”: 1. 在校内 2. 在校外 3. 身体心智 4. 对待生活的态度,写作指导,谋篇布局, 拟定框架 第一段: 自我介绍,并说明写信的目的。（材料中已给出) 第二段: 从要求的四个方面阐述怎样才算是一个好学生. 第三段: 信的结尾部分,如祝愿、签名等。 。（材料中已给出) 二. 统筹时态

53、、人称 时态：一般现在时。 人称：第一人称，第三人称。 三. 列出要点 1. 在学校,好学生应当学习刻苦、自律，尊重别人并受别人尊重。 2. 在家里, 爱父母并帮忙干家务。 3. 在公共场所, 他是一个好公民, 所做所为符合社会的要求。 4. 身体心智方面都很健康。 5. 对待生活持积极的态度。他要自信乐观。他应当对周围发生的一切保持好奇心。,wlonely,四. 推敲要点表达法 在学校,好学生应当学习刻苦、自律，尊重别人并受别人尊重。 学习刻苦: hard-working , work hard 自律: self-disciplined 尊重别人: respect others 受别人尊重:

54、 be respected by 表达: A good student should be hard-working/ work hard at his lessons and well self-disciplined at school . He should respect others and be respected by the people around him. 2. 在家里, 爱父母并帮忙干家务。 帮某人干家务: help sb. (to) do housework 表达: At home , he loves his parents and helps them (to)

55、do housework . 3. 在公共场所, 他是一个好公民, 所做所为符合社会的要求。 在公共场所：in a public place ,公民: citizen 所做所为符合社会的要求: do as required by our society/ What he does meet the requirement of our society,表达: In a public place , he is a good citizen and does as required by our society . 4. 身体心智方面都很健康。 身体心智方面: physically and me

56、ntally 表达: He must be healthy physically and mentally . 5. 对待生活持积极的态度。他要自信乐观。他应当对周围 发生的一切保持好奇心。 对持积极的态度: hold an active attitude towards 自信乐观 : confident and optimistic 对保持好奇心: keep curious about 周围发生的一切: whats happening around him 表达: He should hold an active attitude towards life . He should be co

57、nfident and optimistic . He should always keep curious about whats happening around him . 五. 连句成文 用过渡词将每个要点串连成一篇通顺的文章.,wlonely,Dear editor, I am Cheng Peng , a senior three student . Im writing to express what a good student should be like . In my opinion, a good student should be hard-working and w

58、ell self-disciplined at school . He should respect others and be respected by the people around him .While at home , he loves his parents and help them to do housework . Once in a public place , he must be a good citizen and what he does meet the requirement of our society . But the most important t

59、hing is that he must be healthy physically and mentally . Finally a good student should not only care about study , but hold an active attitude towards life . He should be confident and optimistic . He should always keep curious about whats happening around him and try to find it out . Looking forward to hearing from you . Best Wishes , yours sincerely , Cheng