animal farm 动物庄园.ppt

1、soviet union,苏维埃,by郭子源,map,Soviet union,Name：The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics（USSR） Capital: Moscow National Day: November 7 National Anthem: unbreakable alliance (1944-1991) Currency: Ruble The political system: the Soviet system Land area: more than 2240 square kilometers (1939) State motto

2、: the world proletariat, unite!,national flag,Hammer : the working class； Sickle: the peasant class。 The five-pointed star: industry, agriculture. Red: the color of revolution Yellow: the light of the revolution,National emblem,the red star on the hammer and sickle and the Earth: the Soviet traditio

3、n the Soviet national motto wound two beams of wheat,written in the Soviet Socialist Republic of languages,history,Before1917: the Russian Empire overthrown March 1917： the tsarist government was overthrown December 1922: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established by Bolshevik 1991: The

4、 Soviet Union finally collapsed After 1991: Commonwealth of Independent established Russia,The national leader,Lenin 1917 1922 Stalin 1922 1953 Khrushchev 1953 1964 Brezhnev 1964 1982 Andropov 1982 1984 Chernenko 1984 1985 Gorbachev 1985 1991 president,chairman,Vladimir Ilyich Lenin 弗拉基米尔伊里奇列宁 Major

5、 achievements: 1 Creating the Bolshevik Party 2 Led the October Revolution 3Create the Soviet Union,Joseph Visa Rio Norwich Stalin 约瑟夫维萨里奥诺维奇斯大林 Main achievements: the leadership of the Great Patriotic War victory,Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev 尼基塔谢尔盖耶维奇赫鲁晓夫 Main achievements: 1the vindication of the

6、 victims of cleansing (purge)” 2Implementation of agricultural reforms to improve the livelihood of the people of the Soviet Union,Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev 列昂尼德伊里奇勃列日涅夫 Main achievements: 1 the military strength of the Soviet Union catch up with the United States 2 Implementation of the theory of limi

7、ted sovereignty,Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev 米哈伊尔谢尔盖耶维奇戈尔巴乔夫 Main events: Give up the Brezhnev Doctrine Drastic changes in Eastern Europe the Soviet Union collapse,KGB,克格勃,KGB () : the national security agency from 1954 until 1991 the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organ

8、ization considered a military service and governed by army laws and regulations, similar to the Soviet Army or MVD Internal Troops.,KGB building,KGB symbol,The end,Background information,1.Tsar nicholas 2.October revolution 3.International communist movement munism,Tsar nicholas,Critics nicknamed hi

9、m Bloody Nicholas because of the Khodynka Tragedy, Bloody Sunday: the army in shot at a crowd demanding radical reforms,The collapse of his reign,As the government failed to produce supplies, there was mounting hardship creating massive riots and rebellions,nationwide crisis had developed in Russia,

10、Disorder in industry and transport had intensified,Gross industrial production decreased,50 percent of all enterprises were closed down,the cost of living increased sharply,debts to foreign governments constituted more than 11 billion rubles,The country faced the threat of financial bankruptcy,octob

11、er revolution,1917,“An armed uprising is inevitable, and that the time for it is fully ripe.”,1917: the February Revolution“ ended the reign of the Tsars A Provisional Government was installed 1917:the October Revolution: Lenin and his Bolshevik followers seized power set up a government controlled

12、by the Communist Party.,THE RESULT,Communism,both a political and economic philosophy,Revolutionary Proletarian Socialism,Marxism,The main goal: to focus on class struggle and motivate the common people to riot.,Marx and Engels,Essential planks: Abolition of Private Property. Abolition of Rights of

13、Inheritance. Confiscation of Property Rights. Government Ownership of Communication and Transportation. Government Ownership of Factories and Agriculture. Government Control of Labor, Corporate Farms and Regional Planning. Government Control of Education.,The Internationale,one of the most recogniza

14、ble and popular songs of the socialist movement,followed with a chant of The workers united will never be defeated”,Arise, the workers of all nations! Arise, oppressed of the earth! For justice thunders condemnation: A better worlds in birth! It is time to win our liberation, Stand up, you slaves, n

15、o more in thrall! The earth shall rise on new foundations: We, who were nothing, shall be all! This is our final battle, Let each stand in his place; The Internationale Unites the human race! This is our final battle, Let each stand in his place; The Internationale Unites the human race!,Definition:

16、 A classless, moneyless, and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production,Communism,international communist movement in 1971,Despite a strong appeal for the solidarity of anti-imperialist forces made by the international communist forces led by the Soviet Union,

17、 their activities have remained on a low level ever since. it seems difficult even to find the greatest common denominator of ideology in the international communist movement in view of such factors as the Sino-Soviet confrontation,General situation,international communist movement in 1971,1，a polit

18、ical party advocating Communism,2，the single official party of the state, composed of those who officially espouse Communism,Thank you!,Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union(1921) Industrialization in Soviet Union (1925) the Five-Year Plan in the Soviet Union(1928) the Great Patriotic Wa

19、r (1941),Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,New words,Purge:an abrupt or sudden removal of a person or group from an organization or place,background,associated with Stalinism the first major purge of the Communist Party: performed by Bolsheviks as early as 1921. About 220,000 members

20、 were purged or left the party in 1921. to get rid of the members who joined the Party simply to be on the winning side. The major criteria were social origins (members of working classes were normally accepted without question) and contributions to the revolutionary cause.,That means Stalin wanted

21、to reinforce his rights. Because the person who were purged by this campaign were opposed to Stalin. the conduct was condemned by people because it killed a lot of elites and had the bad influnce in history.,Industrialization in Soviet Union,1925 give priority to the development of heavy industry. h

22、ave a profound influence,background,a backward in heavy industry. 2/3 is agricultural product. business was rather depressed after war Almost everyone faced starvation and death. Lenin pointed out that the only way to rescue Russia is to develop the heavy industry.,So how the soviet developed its in

23、dustry? Machine manufacturing industry of the country All things were controlled by the government Use the money of peasants to develop,Effects,Positive: Use 10 years to became a Powerful Economics Nation economy developed fast Negative :less development in agriculture lack of food and backward in l

24、ight industry,the Five-Year Plan in the Soviet Union,Joseph Stalin inherited and upheld the New Economic Policy (NEP) from Vladimir Lenin. the state had assumed control of all means of production, exchange and communication. All land had been declared nationalized,and set collectivization as the lon

25、g-term goal. the peasants cut production. Money gradually came to be replaced by barter and a system of coupons.,First Plan （19281933） Stalin pursued the policy of collectivization in agriculture to facilitate the process of rapid industrialization; this involved the creation of collective farms in

26、which peasants worked cooperatively on the same land with the same equipment. This was intended to improve the efficiency of agriculture and eliminate the kulak class of landowners, which was deemed hostile to the Soviet regime, while improving the position of poor peasants. The disruption and repre

27、ssion associated with collectivization was a primary cause of the famine of 1932, which resulted in millions of deaths.,Stalins first five-year plan helped make the a leading industrial nation.,Effects,The lives of people were better than before Education was carried out and 90% people read and writ

28、e The rate of crime became to descend,the Great Patriotic War,Second world war,(1941 1945),The war between German and soviet union,characterized by unprecedented ferocity, wholesale destruction, mass deportations, and immense loss of life variously due to combat, starvation, exposure, disease, and m

29、assacres. The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome of World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for Germanys defeat.,influence,The war inflicted huge losses and suffering upon the civilian populations of the affected country Half of these soldiers were killed in action and

30、 the other half dead in this country,thank you,COLD WAR, ,world pattern,the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,Warsaw Treaty Organization,S.U.s alliance,what is cold war？,cold war：the confrontation, conflict and competition between The United States and the Soviet Union and their allies in the perio

31、d of 1945 to 1990 at the political and diplomatic,The end of the second world war avoid causing World War broke out by local proxy war局部代理人战争 science and technology and the arms race, foreign competition ，etc。 mutual containment, but not to appeal to arms （相互遏制，却又不诉诸武力）,Prologue: Churchill: iron cur

32、tain speech in the United States in 1946 from the Baltic Sea from Szczecin to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has pulled across the European continent （从波罗的海边的什切青到亚得里亚海边的的里雅斯特，一幅横贯欧洲大陆的铁幕已经拉下）. Indirect representation of the beginning of the cold war.,Start: the Truman doctrine ( 1947),Two

33、camps: The socialist camp : the Soviet Union the capitalist camp: the United States military group led by: Warsaw Treaty Organization - the Soviet Union; the North Atlantic Treaty Organization - the United states.,Essence（实质）: after World War II socialist strength caused capitalists panic,it is The

34、United Statess performance for overlord position （霸权主义） Objective: to curb the spread of communism,three stages,The first stage: ( late 1950s-early 60s) comprehensive national power had apparent difference, especially in military strength. S.U. not enable to shake the American Hegemonism So S.U. hop

35、e to achieve Soviet-American cooperation , to dominate the world,The second stage: ( mid 60s -early 80s ) Feature: the strong expansion of Soviet Unoin and the strategic defensive posture of United States . the Soviet Union reduced the power gap with the United States, especially in the military str

36、ength. U.S.A.s Hegemony was severely shaken.,The third stage: (mid 80s-the breakup of the Soviet Union) Mark: the beginning of Gorbachev(戈尔巴乔夫） on stage. Feature: the United States gained an advantage again,and S.U. was in full contraction. Reagan（里根） came to power ,he effectively revived the Americ

37、an strength,the Soviet Union domestic economy appeared severe difficulty stagnation the invasion of Afghanistan brought very heavy military, diplomatic and economic burden Gorbachev to focus energy and financial resources to solve the domestic problems took overall contraction trend the failure of r

38、eform led to the collapse of the Soviet union. ended the cold war.,After the collapse of S.U.,it change its name called Russia,During the cold war, another land, Eastern Europe also experienced an influencial affair.,Drastic changes in Eastern Europe (late 1980s - 90s) all socialist countries in Eas

39、tern Europe s political and economic system changed in essence. It effected Poland, East Germany,Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, the former Warsaw pact nations,etc. ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union (1991),We can say, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe is the outbreak of the long-term

40、 accumulation of contradictions in Eastern European countries during the cold war .,Dominant leaders,Marx Lenin Trotsky Stalin,Karl Heinrich Marx,Karl Heinrich Marx (1818 1883) was a German philosopher, revolutionary socialist,Marxism-Leninism,Lenin and Marx develop Marxism-Leninism The Marxism: the

41、 world proletariat and the entire human being liberate thoroughly. Enjoy the achievement of ones own,.,Vladimir Lenin,Vladimir Lenin (18701924) was a Russian communist revolutionary, the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1922, until 1924.,Revolution,Create the Bolshevik Party Bolshevik Party led anar

42、chism of the February revolution.(1848-1849) Slogan: Peace and Food Declaration of the October revolution (1917.11.7),“New Economic Policy,Lenins new economic policy Relieve pressure of the workers and peasants Soviets set up: Russia was established successfully The soviet union defeat Interim gover

43、nment,Leon Trotsky,Leon Trotsky(1879 1940), was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and first leader of the Red Army.,Main achievement,Leader of the October Revolution Create the revolutionary army of workers and peasantsRed Army,world revolution theory and the industrialization theory Heavy industry an

44、d light industry Stalin Trotsky and Opposition Party,Joseph Stalin,Joseph Stalin (1878 1953) was the Premier of the Soviet Union The leader of the Great Patriotic War,Massacre,Stalins carnage Great purge: to expel opportunities and those who were considered anti-revolutionary Purpose: stabilize his

45、power,Thank you,Dominant leaders,allegorical novella,Allegory,characters or events represent or symbolize ideas and concepts used widely throughout the history of art, and in all forms of artwork illustrate complex ideas and concepts in a digestible, concrete way symbolic figures, actions or symbolic representation,fable,Animal Farm a classic work by George Orwell a noted piece of literature Time magazine chose the book as one of the 100