经贸外刊选读课件.ppt

1、经贸外刊选读,一、西方主要经贸报刊及网站简介 1、TIME,时代（又译时代周刊、时代杂志），美国出版的时事周刊，被誉为当代最具代表性与影响力的刊物。 时代的注册商标为大写的“TIME”。在一些广告中，时代将“TIME”定义为“报道国际重要事件的杂志”（The International Magazine of Events.）的缩写，作为它的刊物定位。,2、The Economist,经济学家，周刊。 作为经济类刊物，The Economist有几个特殊之处：首先，它的总部在英国伦敦，但是主要面向北美发行，所以它的观点比一般美国刊物更中立、更全面；其次，它大量讨论政治话题，尤其是第三世界国家的

2、政治话题，其中有些话题已经超越了“政治经济学”的范畴，是纯粹的地缘政治；第三，它的文章艰深是出了名的，经常出现生僻词汇，而且句法语法都不太好理解，阅读难度远在WSJ和NYT之上。,3、BusinessWeek,商业周刊 美国商业周刊系全球销量第一之商业类杂志。由美国麦格劳希尔出版社于1929年创刊发行，它以每周470万的发行量傲居商业杂志榜首，发行范围超过140个国家。1994年启动BusinessW 网站，已经成为日常商业新闻、信息和服务的主要供应商。美国商业周刊提供深入独到的见解和细致详尽的信息，帮助专业人士在商业、财务及事业发展方面作出更明智的决定。例如每期都刊登标准普尔混合指数（Sta

3、ndard great(ly); considerable(-ably); substantial(ly); a great deal; far; by far; much Small change: fractional(ly); marginal(ly); slight(ly); a little; a bit; somewhat Fast change: quick(ly); sudden(ly); rapid(ly) Slow change: gradual(ly); slow(ly); gentle(-ly),Japans exports of steel grow 14-fold，

4、making it the largest exporter by a considerable margin Despite the inroads made by synthetic substitutes in recent years，cotton remains by far the worlds most important fibre, supplying over 50 per cent of the total textile market Prices of the major non-ferrous metalsaluminum, copper, lead, tin an

5、d zinc-have moved significantly upward in recent months, largely as a reflection of increased demand from the industrialized world,Markets continued to be uncertain till June when the lower prices at last had their effect felt, bringing a measure of stability in recent months Brazilian production of

6、 soyabeans has risen from 1.6 per cent of the worlds total production in 1980 to 15 per cent in 1986 and planting of palm-oil trees in Malaysia and Africa have also increased markedly But this 1980-8l recession is much shallower than the first postwar slump in 1974-75,As a result，American plant and

7、equipment grew marginally older in the 1970s, whereas in the 1960s its average age had fallen by two years For 1985 as whole, all four countries are expecting little or no growthIn West Germany and Britain，the forecast suggests a marked fall in output, year on yearIt shows inflation (high by their d

8、iffering national Standards, in all four) falling only slowly；and unemployment also highrising sharply everywhere,3) 在西方报刊经贸文章中频繁使用的另一组通用英语词语是表示“估计”意义的词语。英美经济贸易报刊在描写经济贸易发展趋势时经常使用一些约估的字眼，以便使他们的估计留有一定的余地。,描写经济贸易发展趋势时使用的约估词汇可总结如下： + 略 高 just over; just above +左 右 around; approximately; about; more or l

9、ess 略 低 almost; nearly; just under; just below,The Food and Agricultural Organization has estimated exports of rice in milled terms in 1985 to be around 7.3m tons, just about 100,000 tons greater than 1984 More than 100,000 steelworkers in OECD countries lost their jobs，about 6% of the total and abo

10、ut half the number of job-losses in the whole of the previous five years,The average cost of blue-collar workers at GM is now over $19 an hour；at Ford，perhaps $1 an hour more Japanese motor manufacturers pay around $l1 an hour all-in for their labour As it takes roughly 100 man-hour to produce a typ

11、ical car, Japanese car firms therefore enjoy an $800 per vehicle advantage,Nearly $100m of GMs recent $515m second-quarter profit came from modifying its pension planPractically all of Chryslers modest $12m profit stemmed from deferring pension payments OPECs total capacity is close to 34m b/d- 40m

12、b/d more than it is now producingIn the heady days of the 1960s and early 1970s，when oil consumption grew by 6-7a year. OPEC produced 30m-31 m b/d,4) 英美经济贸易报刊在描写经济贸易发展趋势时经常要根据过去和目前情况对未来趋势作出预测 在对未来的经济贸易发展趋势作预测时常用以下几个动词： forecast expect project anticipate hope,在对未来的经济贸易发展趋势作预测时，经常要对未来的发展趋势得出肯定的(certai

13、n)，可能性比较大的(probable)或只有一般可能性(possible)的结论要用不同的词汇来表达这三种不同的结论： certain: will; to be bound to; to be certain; certainly; to be about to; surely; definitely; no doubt probable: to be likely to; should; to be unlikely to; would; probably; to be probable possible: may; might; could; possibly; possible,如根据

14、预测得出了通货膨胀肯定要上升的结论，可用下面的表达方式： Inflation will increase Inflation is bound to increase Inflation is certain to increase Its certain that inflation will increase Inflation is about to increase Inflation will certainly increase Inflation will surely increase Inflation will definitely increase Inflation w

15、ill no doubt increase,如根据预测得出了通货膨胀上升的可能性较大的结论，则用以下表达方式。 Inflation is likely to increase Inflation should increase Inflation would increase Inflation will probably increase Its probable that inflation will increase,如根据预测得出了通货膨胀有可能上升(只是一般可能性)的结论，则用以下表达方式： Inflation may increase Inflation might increas

16、e Inflation could increase Inflation will possibly increase Its possible that inflation will increase,Consumption of man-made fibres should increase by about 4% this year throughout the world, and by about 3% in EuropeThis may lift producer prices out of their present trough, and take the big nine i

17、nto profit by the middle of 1986 The fall in inflation will anyway only be gradualIt will be most marked in Italy，but is likely to go below 17 until late in 1986，because Italys devaluation will boost import prices,on the other hand，unemployment is expected to rise everywhere，to the highest level kno

18、wn since the Korean war Labour force growth in the 1980s will be far slower than the 1970sBut government regulation is likely to be less onerous and a larger part of investment dollars will go towards increasing the capital stockThat should give productivity a boostTaxes for business and individuals

19、 are about to fall,The coffee price is unlikely to rise as relentlessly as it did in 1975-77, because there is a much bigger supply surplus, perhaps 8m bags，hanging over the market in the year beginning this OctoberA1though the recent damage will not affect supplies of coffee for those 12 months, a

20、poor harvest next year would allow swollen stocks to be sold more easily in 1982-83 Equally，the upswing is expected to be weaker than last time. A rise in output of 1.5% is forecast for 1982 compared with 5 in 1976,Prices could therefore be fairly firm even in real termsThey are currently projected

21、to rise by 20 per cent at 1970 constant prices between 1985 and 1986 Little change is forecast in the level of demand in 1986，but there are changes in regional pattern,In 198687，however，growing conditions have not matched those of the previous year，so that，although there has been a small increase in

22、 the harvested areas，the harvest for the whole season is forecast to be somewhat smallerTotal rice trade in 1986 is therefore expected to be maintained at 1985 level，but Asias share bigger,上面列举的几组词语只是通用英语常用于西方报刊经贸文章的一小部分。从西方报刊经贸类文章的这一语言特点，可以得到一点启示：所谓专业英语，是以通用英语为基础为依托的，因而专业英语水平、包括阅读能力的提高，是与通用英语即基础英语水

23、平的提高相伴相随的，并是以基础英语水平的提高为前提的。,(二) 英美报刊经贸文章标题具有简练醒目、表意“确切”、生动活泼等特点。 英美报刊文章标题总起来说有以下几个特点： 1、简练醒目 由于报刊标题的版面有限，用字必须简短，但为了达到让读者目光扫过就能掌握此篇文章的要领，标题必须十分明了醒目。,2、表意“确切” 对报刊文章标题最重要的要求是能确切地表达该文章的主题和观点，因为很多读者只有阅读标题的时间，如该标题未能反映文章的主题和观点，这就会影响读者得出正确的判断和结论。,3、生动活泼 一般的报刊新闻都与现实生活中所发生的事情有关，报导的内容都是那些正在活动和正在进行的真人真事，所以运用生动活

24、泼的标题一方面可以维肖维妙地反映生活的真实，另一方面可吸引更多的读者。,就语句结构而言，一个好的报刊文章标题同时还需具备下述特点： 1、报刊文章的标题中，为了使标题生动活泼和富有形象感，动词不一定都要采取谓语动词的形式，常常使用动词的非谓语形式。在标题中动词可以以分词，动名词和不定式的形式出现。,Chances of Economic Recovery Improving Financial Ministers To Meet In London Trade Talk Resumed Between USEEC Japan Urged To Act On Trade Surplus,但标题中的

25、动词有时不是以明的方式出现，而隐含其中（即省略），见下面几个例子： aTrade Ministers Busy In Geneva bMultilateral Talks at a Deadlock cTariff Bill In Danger dMore Unemployed Than Any Christmas Since The Great Depression,USPresident Says Recession Here USPresident Says Recession Is Here,在英美经济贸易报刊文章标题中，人们通常用动词的现在时态来表达现在发生的事情及过去发生的事情，因

26、为现在时态的运用可以给读者带来该报刊能及时报导有关新闻的印象，而运用动词过去时态会给读者造成报导不及时的印象。,At Brink of Trade WarJapan Backs Away The Seven Sisters Still Rule King Cotton Fights Back Reagan Delivers Union Message,Assembly meets to ratify Trade Agreement USvetoes resolution liberalizing its trade Dollar hits new low against yen High Co

27、ffee prices ease deficits,英美报刊文章标题的将来式一般用动词不定式来表示： British Prime Minister To Speak At UNCTAD Conference Today Sales boom in durables to continue Brazil to Import More Oil,2、报刊文章标题必须简练，在不影响理解标题意思的前提下能省的字必须省掉，能用读者熟悉的缩写形式的要尽量用。 The World Slows Down Base metals：low and going lower Insurance：Up，up and aw

28、ay,Ex-Im Bank Announces Reorganization Putting life into GATT AT wedding(结婚、联姻) close association; union(密切的关系或联盟) divorce(离婚) breakup of relationship(关系破裂) flirt(调情) make an insincere proposition of friendly relationship(提出并无诚意地建立友好关系的建议) sexy(性感的) attractive(吸引人的); interesting(有趣的),借代（Metonymy）是新闻

29、写作中常用的修辞手段，它可以节省篇幅，避免重复，增加语言的形象性和表达效果。 在报刊上常见的借代形式有以下几种： 1借地名代机构。例如： Capitol (Hill)hill 国会山；美国国会 White House 白宫；美国政府 Foggy Bottom 雾谷；美国国务院,Whitehall 白厅；英国政府 Scotland Yard 苏格兰场；伦敦警察厅 Westminster 威斯敏斯特；英国议院或英国政府 Elysee 爱丽舍宫；法国政府 Pretoria 比勒托利亚市；南非政府,2借地名代行业、社会阶层： Wall Street 华尔街；美国金融界 Hollywood 好莱坞；美国

30、电影业 Beverly Hill 贝弗利山；美国明星阶层 Madison Avenue 麦迪逊大街；美国广告业 Broadway 百老汇大街；(纽约市或美国)戏剧业 Fleet Street 舰队街；英国新闻界,3借商标、品牌、店名代该物： Cadillac 卡迪拉克汽车 McDonalds 麦当劳快餐店 Arbys 阿比快餐店 Ford 福特牌汽车,4借所具特色代某国、某机构： the bear 前苏联 Big Apple 大苹果城；纽约市 Dice City 赌城；拉斯维加斯市 Motor City 汽车城；底特律市 City by the Golden Gate 金门城；旧金山市,5借典

31、型姓氏代某人或某国： Ivan 伊凡；俄罗斯人 John Bull 约翰牛；英国人 Uncle Sam 山姆大叔；美国 Wang 王；中国人,chow Han; Hans Yamato Chink Chinee Jap; Nip Big PRC; Little PRC; Chicom,6借人名、地名、国名代相关事件： (1) Senator Edward Kennedy went downhill since Chappaquiddick (2) The court drills a crack in the foundation of Roe,英语经济贸易报刊文章与其它新闻报刊一样广泛运用新

32、闻报导惯用的语言手段，如被动形式，倒装形式及为达到戏剧性的效果而使用长短句等。,被动形式： Companies in Europe and the U.S. have made compensation trade agreements, but the most active have been Chinese entrepreneurs based in Hong Kong, for whom China provides a much needed source of cheap labour and land. There are thought to be between 4,000

33、 and 5,000 companies which have either started production in China on the basis of compensation trading or are negotiating to do so.,倒装形式(用来平衡主谓语或突出句子某一成份)： 时代周刊风格（Timestyle）的特色之一是其句式倒装。 有些倒装形式在其他刊物中十分少见，如常将句子谓语中的分词提到句首： Leading the private-sector initiative is developer James Rouses Enterprise Foun

34、dation, a sort of braintrust godparent to housing efforts.,Left behind at the Liberal Democrats headquarters were several staff member. Included in every major expansion of the Japanese industry has been a margin of capacity for export. 常把作表语用的前置词短语前置： In step behind the President were the Pentagons

35、 current and former top officials.,把“说”意动词置于句首也是时代周刊的常见现象： Says Barbara Mocnik, executive director of a food bank in Newport News: “The job market is there. The income isnt.” Says economic forecaster M. K. Evans: “The fact that all of the major employment indicators turned down at once is the clearest