莎士比亚与习语2.pptx

1、Macbeth,Applaud one to the echo 将某人赞美到回声四起,为某人大声喝彩.现比喻大声喝彩,掌声雷动 第5幕第3场:I would applaud thee to the very echo, that should applaud again. Echo愿意是回声,回响的意思,源自希腊神话中回声女神厄科 Echo的芳名.厄科因爱恋美少年那喀索斯 Narcissus被拒绝,憔悴而死,最后只留下她叹息的声音. E.g. The caption of the team was cheered to the echo by the crowd. 观众为球队队长大声喝彩.,A

2、t one fell swoop (一下猛扑)一举,一下子 第幕第场, 当苏格兰贵族克德夫得悉的的妻子和孩子们全都惨死在麦克白的毒手之下时,他(Macduff)发出了悲愤的呼喊: Did you say all? O hell-kite! -all? What, all my pretty chickens and their dam at one fell swoop? 你说他们一个也不存吗?啊,地狱的恶鸟!一个也不存?什么？我的可爱的鸡雏们和他们的母亲一起葬送在毒手之下吗？ E.g. The party guests ate up all the snack at one fell swo

3、op. 宴会上的客人一下子把所有点心都吃了.,Die in harness套着马具死去,现指死在任上; 因公殉职 第5幕第5场麦克白在兵败时说: we will die with harness on our back. 就是死我们也要捐躯沙场. E.g. dont want to leave my job and retire-Id prefer to die in my boots. 我不愿退休-我宁愿死于自己的工作岗位. Bad egg 坏蛋,卑鄙小人.常作为对青年人的蔑称. 第四幕第二场一个刺客刺杀麦克德夫(Macduff)之子时叫道: What, you egg! Young fry

4、 of treachery! 什么!你这叛徒的孽种!. E.g. Her husband was a bad egg who ended up in prison. 她的丈夫是个坏蛋,最后蹲进牢房.,Scotch the snake 打伤一条蛇, 使一些危险的东西不能为害 第3幕第2场: We have scotch the snake, not killed it. 我们将蛇打伤, 但不把它打死.” E.g. It is hoped that the laws will scotch the snake of dishonesty among members of the governmen

5、t . 人们希望新的法律将制止政府官员发欺诈行为. whats done is done木已成舟 第3幕第2场,麦克白夫人说:Things without remedy should be without regard; whats done is done.无法挽回的事,只好听其自然,事情干了就算了,Milk of human kindness.人类的恻隐之心. 第1场第5幕,麦克白的夫人得知女巫的部分预言已经应验的时候,既担心又惊喜: Yet do I fear thy nature,/ it is too full othe milk of human kindness,/ to cat

6、ch the nearest way. 可是我却为你的忧虑,它充满了太多的人情的乳臭,使你不敢采取最近的捷径. E.g. He wont give anything to charity. Hes completely lacking in the mild of human kindness. 他不会捐献任何东西华表慈善事业的.他根本没有什么恻隐之心.,Bear a charmed life 天庇神佑,吉人天相,生命似有神灵保护. 出自第5幕第7场,麦克白在兵败苏格兰贵族克德夫追杀时说: I bear a charmed life, which must not yield /to one

7、of woman born. 我的生命是有魔法保护的,没有一个妇人所生的人可以把它伤害.,Stick in someones throat.卡在某人嗓子里说不出口,令某人无法接受. 出自第二幕第二场,麦克白在杀死国王之后,对他的夫人说了以下一段话: But wherefore could not I pronounce “Amen”?/ I had most need of blessing, and “Amen”/ stuck in my throat. 可是我为什么说不出阿门两个字来呢?我才是最需要上帝垂恩的,可是阿门两个字却哽在我的喉头. E.g. She wanted to apolo

8、gize, but the words stuck in her throat. 她想道歉,只是说不出口.,Merchant of Venice,Ones pound of flesh (某人的一磅肉) 现指分文不能短少的债务；虽合法但不合理的要求 Antonio lend a big sum of money from shylock and signed a contract: if Antonio could not pay off the money, shylock would get a pound of flesh from Antonio body E.g. He got hi

9、s pound of flesh by claiming their house and car. 他向他们强索欠债,要他们以房屋和汽车来抵债.,Have an old head on young shoulders年轻的肩膀上长着老年的脑袋,现指 年轻却有头脑 第4幕第1场：I never knew so young a body with so old a head. 鄙如此少年老成之士，实鄙人生平所仅见。 E.g. he has an old head on young shoulders: at one moment he is a scampish boy, and at anoth

10、er a resolute man. 他少年老成：一会儿是个淘气的小孩，一会是果断刚毅的男子汉。,. Translation of allusions and proverbs in Shakespeares works,Literal Translation Free Translation Equivalent Translation,.Literal Translation,CONDITION: Common civilization core, or very familiar expression. Benefits: Being faithful to the original i

11、n ideological content. Reflecting the scene and flavor of the foreign country concerned, Absorbing some exotic expressions.,Examples,Brevity is the soul of wit 简洁是智慧的灵魂 The course of true love never did run smooth. 真正爱情之路从来崎岖不平 All the worlds stage. 整个世界就是一个舞台。 There is a measure in all things. 任何事都

12、有个分寸。 If fortune torments me , hope contents me. 命运折磨我，希望却使我满足。 Make assurance doubly sure 使确定的事实加倍确定,使有双倍保证,.Free Translation,包含典故的文化习语： 英语和中文表达的语义有较大的差异，需要按照汉语习惯进行表达，以避免违反文化习惯。 Green eyed monster绿眼妖魔,嫉妒别人的人 Die in harness死在任上; 因公殉职 Scotch the snake 打伤一条蛇,使一些危险的东西不能为害 Applaud one to the echo 将某人赞美到

13、回声四起,大声喝彩，掌声雷动 Wild-goose chase 徒劳之举，白费力气的追逐 Wear ones heart on ones sleeve 十分坦率,.Equivalent Translation,英译汉是能找到汉语的对等含义，但是语义有所差异，必须按照汉语的习惯表达。 Have an old head on young shoulders年轻却有头脑/少年老成 Paint the lily 给百合花涂彩,画蛇添足 One hates not the person, but the vice对事不对人 Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.

14、 帝王心中多忧虑,位高心不宁 Hoist with ones own petard 作法自毙，害人害己;搬石头砸自己的脚 It is a wise father that knows his own child.知子莫若父 Tom, Dick and Harry张三李四,阿猫阿狗 whats done is done木已成舟,Conclusion,Allusion plays an important role in a language, and is one of the best reflections of culture, so it is essential for us to get a good command of it. Shakespeares literary works is one of the abundant sources of allusions. And many idiomatic expressions are passed down form generation