02_Basic_storage_Admin.pptx

1、Basic Administration And Storage Management,Module 2,Basic Administration,NetApp Confidential,2,CLI Compared to GUI,A storage system can be managed from: The command-line interface (CLI) Accessed directly through a serial connection to the console Accessed remotely through Secure Shell (SSH) or teln

2、et A graphical user interface (GUI), accessed remotely through a variety of protocols,3,Command-Line Interface,The CLI is accessed through the console or through Ethernet: system Wed Apr 7 20:53:01 . logged in from console system No more than two sessions are allowed : One from the console One from

3、Ethernet (SSH or telnet) The operating system determines the number of sessions that are allowed by default: Data ONTAP 7 storage systems default to one session and one user at a time. Data ONTAP 8 storage systems default to two sessions and up to two users at a time. Creating additional sessions ge

4、nerates an error: Too many users logged in! Please try again later. Connection closed.,4,Console Connections: Serial Port,The console allows a physical connection through the: Serial port RLM or SP BMC,Storage systems have an RJ45 port marked IOIOI (on the rear panel). You connect the DB9 end to a s

5、erial port on a host computer. Properties: Speed: 9,600 bits per second Data bits: eight Stop bits: one Parity: none Flow control: hardware or none,5,Serial Port,Console Connections: RLM or SP,The console allows a physical connection through the: Serial port Remote LAN Manager (RLM) or Service Proce

6、ssor (SP) BMC,Remote access to your storage system, regardless of the system state Continuous power and secure access An rlm command or sp command used for configuration The naroot account used to log in as root,6,SP Ports,Console Connections: BMC,The console allows a physical connection through the

7、: Serial port RLM or SP On the FAS2000 series, Baseboard Management Controller (BMC),Remote access to your storage system, regardless of the system state Continuous power and secure access A bmc command used for configuration,7,BMC Port,Management: e0M and e0P,In addition to direct console access, a

8、dministrators can access a storage system through the: e0M and e0P (if available) Ethernet,8,Data ONTAP,Management LAN,RLM or SP,e0M,e0a,e0b,Data LAN,e0P,Management: Ethernet,In addition to using direct console access, administrators can access a storage system through: e0M and e0P (if available) Et

9、hernet Communication protocols: Data ONTAP 7 storage systems default to insecure protocols Data ONTAP 8 storage systems default to secure protocols. Secure protocols like SSH and Secure Sockets Layer ( SSL) are recommended. The following insecure protocols are not recommended: RSH Telnet,9,Command-L

10、ine Privileges,The CLI has two modes: Administrative priv set or priv set admin Represented by system Advanced priv set advanced Represented by system* Use advanced commands only under the direction of NetApp personnel. system priv set advanced Warning: These advanced commands are potentially danger

11、ous; use them only when directed to do so by NetApp personnel. system*,10,Basic Administration Commands,11,system ? ? fpolicy nfsstat smtape acpadmin fsecurity nis snap aggr ftp options snaplock arp halt orouted snapmirror backup help partner snapvault bmc hostname passwd snmp cdpd httpstat ping sof

12、tware cf ide_savecore ping6 source charmap ifconfig pktt sp cifs ifgrp portset stats clone ifstat priority storage config igroup priv sysconfig date ipsec qtree sysstat dcb ipspace quota timezone df iscsi radius traceroute disk key_manager rdate traceroute6 disk_fw_update keymgr rdfile ups dns licen

13、se reallocate uptime download lock reboot useradmin du logger restore version dump logout rlm vfiler echo lun route vlan ems man routed vmservices environment maxfiles rshstat vol exportfs mt sasadmin vscan,system* ? /etc/rmt hostname nv8 showfh ? httpstat ontapi showfh4 acorn ic options sis acpadmi

14、n ide_savecore orouted sldiag aggr ifconfig panic sm_mon arp ifgrp partner sm_mon_old availtime ifinfo passwd sm_not backup ifstat perf smb_hist blink_off igroup ping smtape blink_on incpy_cmd ping6 snap bmc inodepath pktt snaplock bootfs ipsec portset snapmirror bringhome ipspace priority snapvault

15、 cdpd iscsi priv snmp cf java ps software charmap key_manager qtree source cifs keymgr quota sp clone led_off radius statit com led_off_all rc_loop stats config led_on rc_loop_check storage date led_on_all rdate stty dcb led_on_off rdfile sysconfig dd led_reset_all reallocate syslog df led_test rebo

16、ot sysstat disk led_test_one registry systemshell,Advanced Privilege Commands,12,GUIs Are Used to Manage Storage Systems,A storage system can be managed through various GUIs: NetApp OnCommand System Manager NetApp Operations Manager Microsoft Windows interfaces, such as Computer Management for certa

17、in CIFS functionality,13,NetApp OnCommand System Manager,Enables: Quick setup Easy management of NetApp storage Requires: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2003, or Windows Server 2008, or Linux Microsoft Management Console (MMC) 3.0 Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Supports: The Data

18、 ONTAP 7.2.3 and later operating systems Current storage systems,14,Assigning a System to Be Managed,After installation, administrators can either discover or manually assign storage systems to be managed.,15,Discovery requires DHCP.,Add host name or IP and click here.,NetApp System Manager: Storage

19、 Systems,16,Click Login to authenticate your credentials and begin configuring the selected storage.,NetApp System Manager: Dashboard,17,System tab displays: storage capacity, notifications, aggregates, volumes, properties, and disks,The Performance tab displays CPU utilization, I/O throughput, prot

20、ocol operations, and protocol latency.,NetApp System Manager: Configuration,18,Operations Manager,Discovers, monitors, and manages NetApp storage Provides maximum availability, reduces TCO, and ensures business policy compliance,19,Alternative GUIs,MMC and its snap-ins Computer Management Server Man

21、ager (in Windows Server 2008 and later),20,Configuring Your System,To change the configuration of a storage system, use one of the following methods: CLI Configuration files NetApp System Manager Steps in setting up a new storage system: Verify the date, time, and time zone configuration Set up SNMP

22、 variables to be monitored, if any Review the system log (Syslog) Configure the AutoSupport tool Verify configuration: AutoSupport tool to report configurations,21,CLI Commands,System options: system options feature.option_name value Example: options rsh.enable off NOTE: If no value is entered, the

23、current value is displayed. Aggregate options: system aggr options aggrname option_name value Volume options: system vol options volname option_name value,22,Registry Files,Registry files contain many persistent configurations. NOTE: The registry should never be edited directly.,23,Editing Files fro

24、m the CLI,Make a backup copy of the file. Read the file: rdfile. Use one of two commands to write to the file: To write to the file and delete the original file: wrfile To append one line to the file without deleting the original file: wrfile a NOTE: Better yet, use NetApp System Manager.,24,CLI: Sy

25、slog,A syslogd daemon performs message logging. The /etc/syslog.conf configuration file on the storage systems root volume determines how system messages are logged. Messages can be sent to: The console A file A remote system By default, all system messages are sent to the console and logged in the

26、/etc/messages file. You can access the /etc/messages file by using: An NFS or CIFS client NetApp System Manager,25,NetApp System Manager: Syslog,26,To view the Syslog,AutoSupport Tool,The AutoSupport tool: Monitors a storage systems operations Sends automatic messages to technical support AutoSuppor

27、t messages are generated: When triggering events occur When you initiate a test message When the system reboots Once a week (usually after 12 a.m. on Sundays),27,E-Mail Server,HTTP/HTTPS,SMTP,CLI: Configuring AutoSupport, Steps 12,Specify whether to notify NetApp (required for many NetApp Support se

28、rvices):system options autosupport.support.enable off|on Specify to notify NetApp technical support over SMTP or over HTTP or HTTPS:system options autosupport.support.transport smtp|http|https If smtp, notice is sent to autosupport.support.to If http or https, notice is sent to autosupport.support.u

29、rl,28,Read-only,CLI: Configuring AutoSupport, Steps 37,Determine the amount of information to include: system options autosupport.contentcomplete|minimal If minimal, specify how to identify storage systems:system options autosupport.minimal.subject.idhostname|systemid Specify up to five mail host se

30、rvers:system options autosupport.mailhost host1, Specify the senders e-mail:system options autosupport.from address Specify up to five e-mail addresses to send notifications to: system options autosupport.to address,29,CLI: Configuring AutoSupport, Steps 89,Specify up to five e-mail addresses to sen

31、d notes to:system options autosupport.noteto address, Notes are designed to send short e-mail messages to devices such as cell phones or other text devices. Enable AutoSupport:system options autosupport.enable on|off NOTE: AutoSupport logs are stored in /etc/log/autosupport.,30,Testing AutoSupport M

32、essages,To send an AutoSupport manual message, run the following command on the storage system console: system options autosupport.doit message The message can be a word or a string that is enclosed in single quotation marks ( ). For testing your AutoSupport configuration, NetApp recommends that you

33、 use the message TEST or TESTING.,31,NetApp System Manager: AutoSupport,32,To configureAutoSupport,Storage Management,NetApp Confidential,33,Storage Architecture: Aggregates,Aggregates: Are created by administrators Contain one or two plexes Aggregate types: Traditional: deprecated 32-bit: 16-TB lim

34、itation 64-bit: Data ONTAP 8.0.1 operating system and later,34,system aggr status Aggr State Status Options aggr_trad online raid4, trad 32-bit aggr0 online raid_dp, aggr root 32-bit aggr1 online raid_dp, aggr 64-bit,aggr1,plex0,Storage Architecture: Plexes,A plex : When used with SyncMirror softwar

35、e, provides mirror capabilities Contains one or more RAID groups If mirroring is not used, is limited toone per aggregate,35,system sysconfig -r . Plex /aggr1/plex0 (online, normal, active, pool0) RAID group /aggr1/plex0/rg0 (normal) . RAID group /aggr1/plex0/rg1 (normal) .,rg0,rg1,aggr1,plex0,Disks

36、 belong to pool0, unless they are part of a SyncMirror relationship.,Storage Architecture: RAID Protection,RAID group: Provides data protection Contains two or more disks Levels of RAID protection: RAID 4 RAID-DP (a RAID 6 implementation),36,system sysconfig -r . RAID group /aggr1/plex0/rg0 (normal)

37、 RAID Disk Device HA SHELF BAY CHAN Pool. - - - - - parity 0a.24 0a 1 8 FC:A 0. data 0a.25 0a 1 9 FC:A 0.,rg0,rg1,aggr1,plex0,Storage Architecture: Disks,Disks: Store data Are contained in shelves Disk types: Parity Data,37,system sysconfig -r . RAID group /aggr1/plex0/rg0 (normal) RAID Disk Device

38、HA SHELF BAY CHAN Pool. - - - - - parity 0a.24 0a 1 8 FC:A 0. data 0a.25 0a 1 9 FC:A 0.,Composed of 4-KB blocks,rg0,rg1,aggr1,plex0,Disks,All data is stored on disks. To understand how physical media is managed in your storage system, you need to be familiar with : Disk types Disk qualification Disk

39、 ownership Spare disks,38,Supported Disk Connection Architectures,39,NOTE: Data ONTAP 8.1 does not support DS14mk2 with ESH storage I/O modules.,FC-AL Architecture,Fibre Channel ( FC) and ATA disks connect through an FC-AL (Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop) architecture with ESH (embedded switch hub) t

40、echnology. Uses FC and ATA disks types,40,ESH,FC-AL Device Names,The system assigns device IDs automatically by combining the host adapter and disk ID values:,41,FC-AL Device Names: disk_id,42,Shelf ID,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,Bay Number,0,SAS Architecture,Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) provides th

41、e affordability of SATA with the reliability of FC SAS uses expanders Expanders are switches Maintain point-to-point connections with disks Uses SATA, SAS and SSD disk types,43,Expander,Expander,SAS Device Names,The system assigns device IDs automatically by combining the host adapter, shelf ID, and

42、 bay ID values:,44,Disk Ownership,Disks are assigned to one system controller. Disk ownership is either: Hardware-based: determined by the slot position of the host bus adapter (HBA) and shelf module port Software-based: determined by the storage system administrator,45,NOTE: Data ONTAP 8.0 and late

43、r versions only support software-based disk ownership,Software-Based Disk Ownership,For software-based disk ownership, the system administrator assigns ownership of disks. To verify current disk ownership: system disk show -v DISK OWNER POOL SERIAL NUMBER - - - - 0b.43 Not Owned NONE 41229013 . 0b.2

44、9 system (84165672) Pool0 41229011 . To view all disks that do not have owners: system disk show -n DISK OWNER POOL SERIAL NUMBER - - - - 0b.43 Not Owned NONE 41229013 .,46,Software-Based Disk Ownership:The disk assign Command,To assign disk ownership, run : system disk assign device_list|all|-T sto

45、rage_type -n count|auto. device_list is a list of disk IDs of unassigned disks storage_type can be ATA, FCAL, LUN, SAS, or ATA To assign a specific set of disks, run :system disk assign 0b.43 0b.41 0b.39 To assign all unassigned disks, run :system disk assign all To unassign disk ownership, run:syst

46、em disk assign 0b.39 -s unowned -f Use -s to specify the ID of the system that will take ownership. Use -f to force reassignment of assigned disks. NOTE: You should unassign only hot-spare disks.,47,Specify the disk IDs of the disks that you want to work with.,Disk Selection,When creating an aggrega

47、te, the Data ONTAP operating system selects disks that operate at the same speed. When adding disks to an aggregate, the Data ONTAP operating system chooses disks that match the speed of existing disks. The Data ONTAP operating system verifies that adequate spares are available. If spares are not av

48、ailable, the Data ONTAP operating system sends a warning message. NOTE: You should ensure that spares are available.,48,Spare Disks,Spare disks are used to: Increase aggregate capacity Replace failed disks Disks must be zeroed before use: Disks are automatically zeroed when they are brought into use

49、. NetApp recommends zeroing disks before use: system disk zero spares The pool of spare disks is global within a single controller.,49,RAID Groups,RAID groups are collections of data disks and parity disks. RAID groups provide protection using parity. The Data ONTAP operating system organizes disks

50、into RAID groups. The Data ONTAP operating system supports: RAID 4 RAID-DP technology,50,RAID 4 Technology,RAID 4 protects against data loss that results from the failure of a single disk in a RAID group. A RAID 4 group requires at least two disks: One parity disk One data disk,51,Data,Data,Data,Dat

51、a,Data,Data,Data,Parity,RAID-DP technology protects against data loss that results from double-disk failure in a RAID group. A RAID-DP group requires at least three disks: One parity disk One double-parity disk One data disk,RAID-DP Technology,52,Data,Data,Data,Data,Data,Data,Parity,Double-Parity,RA

52、ID Group Size,53,Degraded Mode,Degraded mode occurs when a disk fails in a RAID group. In degraded mode: Data is still available Performance is less than optimal Data must be recalculated from parity until the failed disk is replaced. CPU usage increases to calculate from parity. The failed disk (or

53、, for RAID-DP, the two failed disks ) is rebuilt on a spare disk (if a spare disk is available) If no spare disk is available, or if the rebuild fails, the system shuts down after a period of time. The default time interval before shutdown is 24 hours. To change the time interval, use the options ra

54、id.timeout command.,54,Hot-Swapping: Replacing Failed Disks,Hot-swapping is the process of removing or installing a disk while the system is running. Hot-swapping allows for: Minimal interruption The addition of new disks Removing two disks from a RAID 4 group results in: Double-disk failure Data lo

55、ss Removing two disks from a RAID-DP group results in: Double-degraded mode No data loss,55,Aggregates,Aggregates logically contain flexible volumes (FlexVol volumes). You should use 32-bit or 64-bit aggregates. An aggregate name must: Begin with a letter or the underscore character (_) Contain only

56、 letters, digits, and underscore characters Contain no more than 255 characters,56,Adding an Aggregate,Use one of two methods: The CLI: system aggr create . NetApp System Manager: the Aggregate Wizard Know the following information: Aggregate name (required) Aggregate type (64-bit is default) RAID T

57、ype (DP is default) RAID group size Disk selection method Disk size Number of disks including parity (required) To create an aggregate: system aggr create aggr1 3,57,Minimum options shown,Using the CLI to Create an Aggregate,To create a 64-bit aggregate:system aggr create aggr_name -B 64 24 The aggregate is called aggr_name. The aggregate has 24 disks. The aggregate uses the default RAID type: RAID-DP technology. The command succeeds only if 24 disks (spares) are available. Short command (64-bit is the default aggregate type, so it does not need to be