试论土工合成料在工程中的应用中英文对照

1、试论土工合成材料在工程中的应用中英文对照try to talk about geosynthetic materials application in engineering. in both chinese and english 土工合成材料是土木工程应用的合成材料的总称。作为一种土木工程材料，它是以人工合成的聚合物（如塑料、化纤、合成橡胶等）为原料，制成各种类型的产品，置于土体内部、表面或各种土体之间，发挥加强或保护土体的作用。土工合成材料应用技术规范将土工合成材料分为土工织物、土工膜、土工特种材料和土工复合材料等类型。geosynthetic materials is the floo

2、rboard of the civil engineering application of synthetic materials. as a kind of civil engineering materials, it is a synthetic polymer, such as plastic, chemical fiber, synthetic rubber, etc.) as raw material, made of various types of products, between the soil inside, or on the surface of the soil

3、 and the role of strengthening or to protect the soil. the geosynthetic materials technical specification for application of geosynthetic materials can be divided into 12 types of geotextiles, geomembrane, geotextile specialty materials and geotechnical composite material type. 土工合成材料在土工程中的应用，主要有反滤、

4、排水、隔离、防渗、防护和加筋等多种作用。但必须指出，在工程实际应用中是几种应用的组合，有的是主要的，有的是次要的。例如，对松砂或软土地基上的铁路路基，其隔离作用是主要的，而反滤和加筋作用是次要的；而软土地及上的公路路基，则加筋作用是主要的，而隔离和反滤作用是次要的。以下分别阐述各种作用。engineering application of geosynthetic materials in soil, main filter, water drainage, isolation, seepage control and reinforcement and protection, etc. bu

5、t it must be pointed out that in the practical engineering application is the combination of several applications, have a plenty of major, or minor. for loose sand, for example, or the railway roadbed on soft soil foundation, its isolation effect is main, and filter and the reinforcement effect is s

6、econdary; and soft soil and on the highway subgrade, the reinforcement effect is main, and isolation and filter function is secondary. the following respectively in this paper, the various functions. 一、反滤作用one, the filter function 在渗流出口区铺设土工合成材料作为反滤层，这和传统的砂砾石滤层一样，均可提高被保护土的抗渗强度。对这方面国内外都进行过不少研究。in see

7、page exit area laid geosynthetic materials as a filter layer, this and the traditional sand gravel filter layer, can increase protected the permeability of soil strength. a lot of research about this aspect both at home and abroad before. 多数土工材料在单向渗流的情况下，在紧贴土工合成材料的土体中，发生细颗粒逐渐向滤层移动，同时还有部分细颗粒通过土工合成材料被

8、带走，遗留下较粗的颗粒，从而与滤层相邻一定厚度的土层逐渐自然形成一个反滤带，阻止土粒的继续流失，最后趋于稳定平衡。亦即土工合成材料与其相邻接触部分土层共同形成了一个完整的反滤系统。将土工合成材料铺放在上游面快事护坡下面，起反滤和隔离作用；同样也可铺放在下游排水体（如电排水或棱体排水）周围起反滤作用，以防止管涌；也可铺放在均匀土坝的坝体内，起竖向排水作用，这样可有效的降低均质坝的坝体浸润线，提高下游坝体的稳定性，渗流水沿土工合成材料进入水平排水体，最后排至坝体外。具有这种排水作用的土工合成材料，要求在纵向（即土工合成材料本身的水平方向）有较大的渗透系数。most geotechnical mat

9、erial under the condition of the one-way flow, in close to the soil of geosynthetic materials, fine particles gradually moved towards the filter layer, as well as part of the fine particles taken through geosynthetic materials left over from coarser particles, thereby with filter layer adjacent the

10、thickness of soil layer nature gradually form a filter belt, stopping the continued erosion of soil particles, the final stable equilibrium. i.e. geosynthetic materials adjacent contact part of the soil layer common form a complete filter system. the geosynthetic materials on the upstream face here

11、below the slope protection, filter and isolation effect; also can be laid on the downstream row water bodies (such as electric drainage drainage) or edge around the filter effect, in order to prevent the piping; within the dam body can also be spread in a homogeneous earth dam, the vertical drainage

12、 effect, can effectively reduce the homogeneous dam dam saturation line, improve the stability of the downstream of the dam, seepage of water along the level of geosynthetic materials into the water, the last row to the dam body. have the drainage effect of geosynthetic materials, requirements on lo

13、ngitudinal (i.e., horizontal direction of geosynthetic materials itself) have larger permeability coefficient. 具有相同孔径尺寸的无纺土工合成材料和砂的渗透性大致相同。但土工合成材料的孔隙率比砂高的多，土工合成材料的密度约为砂的110，因而当土工合成材料和砂具有相同的反滤特征时，则所需土工合成材料质量要比砂少90%。此外，土工合成材料滤层的厚度为砂反滤层1100至11000，其所以能如此，是因为土工合成材料的结构保证了它的连续性。为此，在具有相同反滤特征条件下，土工合成材料的质量仅为砂

14、层的11000至110000。non-woven geosynthetic materials with the same aperture and the permeability of sand are roughly the same. but the porosity is higher than sand geosynthetic materials, the density of the geosynthetic materials is about 1/10 of the sand, so when geosynthetic materials and sand with the

15、 same filter characteristics, the required quality of geosynthetic materials than sand 90% less. geosynthetic materials, moreover, the thickness of the filter layer for the sand filter layer from 1/100 to 1/1000, it can so so, because of geosynthetic materials structure to ensure its continuity. the

16、refore, under the condition of the same filter characteristics, geosynthetic materials only for the quality of the sand from 1/1000 to 1/10000. 二、排水作用second, drainage effect 具有一定厚度的土工合成材料有良好的三维透水特征，它除了可作透水作用外，还可使水经过土工合成材料的平面迅速沿水平方向排走，构成水平排水层。has certain thickness of the 3 d porous characteristics of

17、 geosynthetic materials have good, besides can make waterproof effect, it also can make the water passes through the geosynthetic materials plane rapidly along a horizontal line, constitute a horizontal drainage layer. 三、隔离作用three, isolation effect 在修筑道路时，一般路基和路床顺次施工，运营时由于荷载压力和雨水的通过，使路基材料、路床材料和一般材料都

18、混合在一起，使原设计的强度、排水和过滤的功能减弱，为了防止这种现象的发生，可将土工合成材料设置在二种不同特性的材料间，不使其混杂，但又能保持统一的作用，起渗透膜的作用，防止软弱土层侵入路基的碎石，不然会引起翻浆冒泥，最后使路基和路床的设计厚度减小，导致道路的破坏。when building roads, generally progressive construction of roadbed and road bed, due to the load when operating pressure and rain through, make the roadbed, road bed ma

19、terials and general materials are mixed together, make the strength of the original design, drainage and filtration function abate, in order to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon, geosynthetic materials can be set up between two different features of material, does not make its mixed, but aga

20、in can hold unified action, effect of permeable membrane, against intrusion soft soil roadbed gravel, or mud pumping can cause, finally made the design of roadbed and road bed thickness is reduced, leading to the destruction of the road. 在铁路工程中，铺设土工合成材料后籍以保持轨道的稳定性，并减少养护费用。土工合成材料也可用于材料的储存和堆放，避免材料的损失和

21、劣化，对废料还可有助于防止污染。in railway engineering, after laying geosynthetic materials to keep the stability of the orbit, and reduce maintenance costs. geosynthetic material can also be used for storing and stacking, avoid the material loss and degradation of waste, can also help to prevent pollution. 用作隔离的土工

22、合成材料，其渗透性应大于所隔离土的渗透性，在承受动载作用时，土工合成材料还应有足够的耐磨性，当被隔离材料或土层间无水流作用时，也可用不透水的土工膜。used for isolation of geosynthetic materials, the permeability of soil, the permeability should be greater than the isolation in bear dynamic load effect, the geosynthetic materials shall also have sufficient wear resistance,

23、when quarantined material or no water flow between the soil impervious geomembrane is also available. 四、防渗作用fourth, seepage control effect 土工膜和复合土工合成材料可以防止液体德尔渗漏，气体的挥发和保护环境。可用于土石坝和库区的防渗；渠道、隧道和涵管周围防渗；防止各类大型液体容器或水池的渗漏和蒸发；可用于修筑施工围堰等。compound geomembrane and geosynthetic materials can prevent the liquid

24、 leakage, gas volatilization and protect the environment. can be used for earth and rockfill dam and the reservoir seepage control; channels, tunnel and culvert pipe seepage around; to prevent all kinds of large-scale liquid container or tank leakage and evaporation; can be used in the construction

25、cofferdam construction, etc. 五、防护作用five, the protective effect 土工合成材料对土体或水面可起防护作用，如防止河岸或海岸被冲刷；防止土体的冻害，防止水面蒸发或空气中的灰尘污染水面。geosynthetic materials for the soil or the water can be a protective role, such as to prevent the banks or coast washed; prevent soil frost damage, prevent evaporation from water s

26、urface or the dust in the air pollution of the water. 六、加筋作用six, the reinforcement effect 当土工织物或土工隔栅埋设在土体内适当位置，依靠它们与土界面的相互作用（摩阻与咬合），限制了土体的侧向位移，提高了土体的强度和稳定性，其应用范围有：加固土坡和堤坝、地基及挡土墙。when geotextiles or geotechnical grille buried in the soil body position, depending on their interaction with the soil int

27、erface (friction and bite), limit the lateral displacement of the soil, enhances the strength and stability of soil, the application scope are as follows: reinforcing slope and dam, foundation and retaining wall. 土工合成材料在路堤工程中的作用有：1、可使边坡变陡，节省占地面积；2、防止滑动路堤通过路堤和地基土；3、防止路堤下因承载力不足而破坏；4、跨越可能的沉陷区。the role

28、of geosynthetic materials in embankment engineering are: 1, can make a steeper slope, save area; 2, to prevent sliding embankment through the embankment and foundation soil; 3, to prevent damage due to insufficient bearing capacity under embankment; 4, span possible subsidence area. 由于土工合成材料有较高的强度，又

29、具有较好的柔性，且能紧贴于地基表面，使其上部施加的荷载能均匀分布在地层中，铺设的土工合成材料将阻止破坏面的出现，从而提高地基承载力。在软土地基上家和后可能会产生蠕变，对铺设土周围的地基土会引起侧面隆起。如将土工合成材料铺设在软土地基的表面，由于土工材料承受拉力和土的磨擦作用，组织了地基土的侧向挤出，从而减小了变形增大了地基稳定性。在沼泽地、泥炭土和软粘土上建造临时道路是土工合成材料最为重要的用处之一。because of geosynthetic materials have high strength, and has good flexibility, and can close to t

30、he ground surface, the exert load can be evenly distributed in the formation of the upper, the laying of geosynthetic materials will prevent damage appears below, thus improve the foundation bearing capacity. after on soft soil foundation and may produce creep, the laying of soil around the foundation soil will cause lateral uplift. if the geosynt