词义的褒贬引申及练习

1、3. 词义的引申,词义不是固定不变的，从不同的上下文中我们可以推测出词不同的衍生意义。但这还远远不够，在许多情况下我们还必须对词作进一步的引申，对词义要有更深入的认识。 词义的引申包括： 1、词义的褒贬引申； 2、词义含蓄成分的引申； 3、词义表情成分的引申； 4、修辞意义上的引申； 5、概念大小的引申； 6、程度的引申； 7、虚实的引申(从具体到抽象，从抽象到具体)。,1） 词义的褒贬引申,英语中有些词语本身就具有固定的褒义或贬义。例如： 1) Lincoln was respected by his people for his foresightedness. 林肯由于富于远见而受到人民

2、的尊 敬。(褒义) 2) We should serve the people heart and soul我们 应该全心全意为人民服务。(褒义) 3) The Second World War was the most enormous universal havoc of all time第二次世界大战是有 史以来规模最大的一场全球性的浩劫。(贬义) 4) He proved to be a mercenary guy. 他原来是个惟 利是图的家伙。(贬义),但是，有些英语单词或词组，把它孤立起来看是中性词，没有褒贬之分。同样一个词或词组一旦放入具体的上下文中,可能就会产生褒义或贬义。例如

3、： a. 1) Edison invented the gramophone and electric light 爱迪生发明了留声机和电灯。(褒义) 2) This kind of people sometimes invent excuses to go out of work. 这种人有时编造借口不去上 班。(贬义) b. 1) It is said that a successful businessman must be aggressive. 人们常说，成功的企业家必定是有 闯劲的。(褒义) 2) The aggressive nature of Japanese Jingoism

4、 will never change日本军国主义侵略的本质是 决不会改变的。(贬义),c. 1) Your country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the peoples who struggle against imperialist aggression, oppression and tyranny. 贵国一直坚定地站在一切同帝国主义侵略压迫和暴虐进 行斗争的民族的前列。(褒义) 2) It is the champion of the colonial regime and of apartheid. 它是这个殖民政权和

5、种族隔离的罪魁祸首。 (贬义),有些贬义词也可以转化成中性词，甚至是褒义词。例如： 1) He stole a glance at the pretty girl across the table他偷偷地看了桌子对面那个漂亮女孩一 眼。(中性词) 2) Figures can lie when statistics are misused 统计资料用得不当，数字也会给人一种假象。(中性 词) 3) The new computer boasts a number of ingenious features这台新电脑具有不少值得一提的独特之 处。(褒义词) 4) Stop eating all

6、her sweets，you young villain! 别再吃她的糖果了，你这小淘气鬼! (褒义词) 5) You little rascal! Where have you hidden my shoes? 你这个小调皮鬼! 你把我的鞋子藏到哪里去 了? (褒义词),1the peasant uprisings in the history of China 2. The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent 3. The peasants and workers were hand in love with one another in the struggle against the landlords and capitalists who worked hand in glove with each other. 4. The adoption of the new policies will surely lead to some striking results. 5. There would have been more painful result but for the drastic measures. 6. His splendid new car wa