定语从句相关知识.ppt

1、定语从句,一、定义及相关术语 1 定义：定语从句限制、描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词、代词或整个从句。 2 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 （1）关系代词：that, which, whose, who, whom, as （2）关系代词：when, where, why 4 定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,二、关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1 关系代词 (1) who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 Eg. Nobody knew the person who came to see the blind c

2、hild (2) whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常用于正式文体，非正式文体中常用who或that。 Eg. Do you know the woman (whom) we met yesterday? (3) which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 (4) that主要指物，有时也指人，在定从中作主语或宾语。 Eg. Those are the conditions (which) / (that) we have to ask you to accept. (5) whose主要指人，也可指动物或无生命的东西，在定语从句中作定语。 Eg. The student whose perf

3、ormance is the best studies hard. The horse whose temper is very bad often kicks its host.,2关系副词 (1) when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 Eg. This is the hour when the streets are full traffic. (2) where指地点，在定语从句中作地点主语。 Eg. We will start at the point where we left off yesterday. (3) why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Eg. You have

4、nt given me the reason why you were late for class yesterday.,三、带介词的关系代词 关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前，也可以放在从句中原来的位置，但that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能前置。含有介词的短语动词等固定词组一般不可拆开。 Can you lend me the book that you talked about the other day? (about不可放在that之前。) The old lady whom she is looking af

5、ter is her grandmother. (after不可放在whom之前。) Those are the workers from whom I have learnt a great deal. They tried to think of a method by which they could solve the problem. All students have to take part in the entrance examination, the importance of which is now known to everyday. Ten foreign students were admitted to the college, three of whom came from the United States.,四 that和which指物时，基本没有什么区别，但在下列情况下，一般用that，不用which 1 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none等不定代词。 2 先行词有first, second等序数词修饰限定。 3 先行词有形容词最高级或有any, (a) few, no, only, so