lecture 13 分句合句译法

1、,修改意见： 中间个别句子的翻译，需要标题密切些。 后面的句子练习有点少，再加一些。,Lecture 13,Division & Combination 分译法 & 合译法,Division（分译法|分句法） Division refers to the splitting of a word or a phrase from its original position to be a clause or a clause to be a separate sentence. (definition) 冯庆华教授把分译法划分成“转句译法”和“断句译法”, 前者指把原文中的一个词组或词语拿出来翻

2、译成独立的句子,后者指把原文中的从句拿出来翻译成独立的句子。,In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。 门口放着至少有十二把五颜六色、大小不一的雨伞。 在句法结构上，英语讲究语法外形的完整，而汉语则侧重表意，不追求外形的完整性。 英语句法结构被称为“树形结构”干上有枝，枝上有节，节外生枝,形态结构完整严密， “以形统神”。 汉语善于用词组和短句逐次排列，好比一根竹子，所以被称为“竹节结构”像竹节那样一节一节的，明快而简朴。,Conversion

3、 of Words to Sentences转词为句（单词分译为句子）,They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 Theoretically, this is a marvelous piece of scientific writing. 从理论上看，那是一篇了不起的科学论文。 Premier Zhou might have spoken with understandable pride of the policy of “self-reliance”. 周总理在谈到“自力更生”政策时，也许有些自豪感

4、，这是可以理解的。,The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredibleabout one in four. 大约四分之一的美国青年人不会阅读,这简直令人难以置信! His theory is an unparalleled great contribution to the science. 他的理论是对科学的巨大贡献，任何其他的理论无法与之相提并论。 He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indigna

5、tion. 他摇了摇头，两眼睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。 Time failed him to sneak away. 他想溜，可是来不及了。,Conversion of Phrases to Sentences（短语分译为分句、偏正复句或独立成句）,Born on a Maryland farm in 1731, Benjamin Banneker was the son of a slave father and a freewoman mother. 本杰明.班内克1731年出生于马里兰州的一个农场，父亲是个奴隶，母亲却是自由民。 His failure to o

6、bserve the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则, 机器出了故障。 Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被创造，也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。,I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。 Through h

7、is life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books. 本杰明.富兰克林整个一生都在学习。他不但从书本中学习，而且也从与人交往中学习。 Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe. 医生和病人常常谈起一种神奇的药物，而且说的时候几乎带着一种敬畏的口气。,Conversion of Clauses to Sentences转从句为句子（拆句

8、或断句）,It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO. 人类最后必将揭开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。（拆开名词从句） It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means the easy job. 从书店和图书馆带一些书回来是轻而易举的。

9、然而，从书中到知识并把这些知识运用到实践中去绝不是 简单的事情。,After the war, his friend Kraemer got him a job as an instructor in an Army training school that paid $10,000 a year. 战争结束后，他的朋友克莱摩介绍他到一所军事培训学校去任教，年薪一万美元。 In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live

10、in near poverty. 在美国，许多退休的人靠社会保险金来维持生活。这种保险金额非常小，所以他们的生活水平接近于贫困线。,2. Combination,合译就是根据逻辑关系和语言习惯，翻译时把原文的两个或两个以上的句子合成一个句子 把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句（simple sentence）译成一个单句 把原文中的并列复合句（compound sentence）译成一个单句 把原文中的主从复合句（complex sentence）译成一个单句,Combination of simple sentences,There are men here from all over the

11、country. Many of them are from the South. 这里这些人都是从全国各地来的。他们当中很多人是从南方来的。 从全国各地来的这些人中有很多是南方人。 2. It was April 1945. The Second World War was coming to an end. 这是1945年4月。第二次世界大战已接近尾声。 1945年4月第二次世界大战已接近尾声。 3. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家去照顾她丈夫。他病得很重。 她回家去照顾病重

12、的丈夫。,Combination of compound sentences,It was an LST, and it was already nearly loaded with trucks and armored cars. 这是一艘几乎装满了卡车和装甲车的坦克登陆舰。 The river ran down to Pisa from Florence, and then it reached the sea. 那条河从佛罗伦萨流到比萨，然后到达大海。 那条河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。,Combination of complex sentences,What is beautiful is not always good. 美的东西并不总是好的。 The differences that distinguish