Chapter 1 - The Mission and the Me.ppt

1、Chapter 1 - The Mission and the Method,A Brief History of Social Psychology What Do Social Psychologists Do? Social Psychologys Place in the World Why People Study Social Psychology How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions? How Much of Social Psychology is True?,A Brief History of Soci

2、al Psychology,Earliest Social Psychology Experiments Norman Triplett, 1897-1898 Max Ringelmann, 1880s Introduction of Textbooks -1908 Edward Ross (sociologist) William McDougall (psychologist),A Brief History of Social Psychology,Influences in Early 20th Century Gordon Allport Kurt Lewin Influences

3、in 1950s and 1960s Behaviorism Freudian psychoanalysis Social Psychology as a Science,What Do Social Psychologists Do?,Broad understanding of how human beings think, act, and feel and the interactions between thinking, acting and feeling ABC Triad Personal and Situational Influences on ABC Use of th

4、e Scientific Method,Social Psychologys Place in the World,Within the Social Sciences Anthropology Economics History Political Science Sociology Psychology,Social Psychologys Place in the World,Within Psychology Biological Psychology Clinical Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology P

5、ersonality Psychology Social Psychology,Important Lessons of Social Psy,Power of Situation Construct Social Reality Social Intuitions Outside our Awareness Attitudes and Dispositions Application,Research vs. Common Sense,Common Sense Adages are often contradictory Poor method of discovering the trut

6、h May be a starting point for questions,Scientific Method,State problem Theory Formulate testable hypothesis Design study and collect data Test the hypothesis with the data Communicate study results,Experimental Research Designs,Experiment Researcher controls procedures Participants are randomly ass

7、igned into Experimental and Control Groups Allows for statements of cause and effect Quasi-experiment No random assignment,Variables: Independent and Dependent,Independent variable The “cause” Manipulated by the experimenter Dependent variable The “effect” Measure as an outcome,Variables,Operational

8、 Definition Does our measure represent the variable? Construct validity of the Variables A construct is a abstract, theoretical concept Does it represent the real variable?,Research Concerns,Extraneous Variables Other variables that can influence outcome Confounded effects of variables cannot be sep

9、arated. Internal Validity Did Independent Variable cause change? External Validity Are these results applicable/generalizable?,Experimental Research Designs,Quasi-experiment No random assignment Other characteristics of study are similar,Laboratory and Field Experiments,Laboratory Experiments Experimental realism Mundane realism Field Experiments External validity is Findings can be generalized,Nonexperimental Studies,Correlational Approach Varia