选修8 unit2 cloning Language points.pptVIP

1、人教课标 高二 选修 8 Unit 2,Unit 2 Cloning,Language points,“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词,many, scores of, dozens of a great/good many a number of many a/an more than one,Many a student likes basketball. =Many students like basketball.,谓语动词用单数,1.,“许多，大量”修饰不可数名词,much much more a good/great deal of a large amount of amounts

2、of,Alargeamountofmoney was missing. Largeamountsofmoneywere missing.,谓语动词用单数,谓语动词用复数,“许多，大量”修饰可数与不可数名词,a lot of /lots of plenty of a quantity of quantities of,Largequantitiesof wateraredirty.,A largequantityof students is here.,谓语动词用单数,谓语动词用复数,2. It is a difficult task to undertake. undertake vt. 着手

3、，从事，承担，保证 观察示例: This plan is difficult to undertake. The scientist undertakes the experiment.,这个计划很难实施,科学家从事这项实验。,3. But at last the determination and patience of scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough. pay off 得到好结果; 取得成功; 付清,观察 阅读下列句子，观察pay off在句中的意思。 1. The house is finished at last. All

4、 their hard work has paid off. 2. It took them three years to pay off the debt.,归纳 pay off 作不及物短语动词，意为“_”（句1）； 作及物短语动词，意为“_”（句2）。,得到好结果，取得成功,偿清,词语联想 pay (sb.) back sth. 还(某人)某物 pay sb. back for sth. 因而报复/惩罚某人 pay for sth. 付的钱；为付出代价 pay out 为某事而付出大笔款项 pay up 付清,注意事项 pay off 当“(努力、辛苦)得到好结果；(事业、计划)成功”讲

5、时，为不及物动词短语，用主动语态。,用pay 相关短评的适当形式完成句子。 (1) Ill _ (还你钱) next month. (2) You must _ (为付出代价) your rude words. (3) _ (他努力没有白费) when the manager accepted his proposal. (4) She _ 200 yuan _ (付的钱) Toms bike.,for,pay you back,pay for,His efforts paid off,paid,breakthrough 突破,进展（可数名词）,break through break in b

6、reak into break out break up break down break off break away from,突破，克服，冲破 打断，强行闯入，侵入 破门而入 爆发，发生 （关系）破裂，驱散，解散 出故障，分解 打断，隔绝，中止 摆脱，脱离,5. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.,同位语 the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。,同位语的表现形式有以下几种： (1) 名

7、词 Tom, our monitor, is a boy. (2) 代词 I myself will do the experiment. (3) 数词 She is the oldest among them six. (4) 从句 He told me the news that the plan had changed. (5) 由such as, that is引导 Some subjects, such as math, are very difficult to learn.,它一般放在fact, news, idea, decision, hope, problem, infor

8、mation, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。,同位语从句,课本中的同位语从句,The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Scientists

9、 made the decision that Dolly should be put to sleep. Scientists hold the belief that cloning may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs. There is a debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed.,Tell them apart.,I accepted the suggestion that was given by my

10、teacher. I accepted the suggestion that I should change my attitude to my parents. I suggested that she finish the task at once. The suggestion is that she finish the task at once. That I suggested she should finish the task at once seemed impossible.,定语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句,6. Cloning Scientists

11、were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. 研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。 cast down使沮丧,e.g. Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. 不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！,归纳拓展： be cast down (因某事）而沮丧 cast away 丢弃 cast off 放弃；丢弃 cast out 赶走,7. , Dollys appearance

12、 raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination 多莉的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。 （1）object v. 不赞成, 反对 n. 物品, 目标,归纳拓展： object作不及物动词时后接介词to或against; 作及物动词时可接that引导的从句。 objection是名词, 常与have, take, feel等连用构成词组： have objection to take objection to feel objecti

13、on to,常用搭配 object to sth./doing sth. 反对(做)某事 object to sb. 反对某人 object that 反对 have/take/make/raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对表示反对,（2）impact n.冲击，碰撞，影响,effect have/ make an impact on influence 对有影响/效果,他所做的，对他的同学影响很大。,What he did had a great impact on his classmates.,8. Although at present human

14、egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, 虽然目前供克隆研究的人体卵细胞和胚胎还很难得到， obtain vt. （经过努力）获得，赢得,观察示例: Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information. 同时你将获得大量的知识。 She obtained her doctors degree in 1996. 她1996年获得博士学位。 The books can be obtained from the library. 这些书可以在图书馆里取

15、得。 His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就使得他获得很大的名声。,9. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, forbid vt.,词义 vt. (to command someone not to do something) 禁止, 不准 反议词 allow 允许, 准许,常用搭配 forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止(做)某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid

16、 that 禁止 allow sth./doing sth. 允许(做)某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事,注意事项 forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语, 而是跟动名词作宾语, 但是可以跟不定式作宾语补足语(forbid sb. to do sth.), 类似的动词还有: allow, permit, advise等。,10. but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning c

17、ould provide. accumulate vt. 积累，积聚,e.g. He accumulated fortune by hard work. 他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。 The purpose of education is not just accumulating information. 教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。 vi. 积聚 e.g. Dust accumulated during my absence. 我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。,归纳拓展： accumulate可作及物动词和不及物动词，表示: 收集, 聚集, 堆积。 另外 accumulation n. 积聚 如: the accumulation of knowledge 知识的积聚,11. Is it in favour of cloning or ag