英语技术写作

1、gui elinet uccessf l t hnical writig1、 evsing withefficient s ntecsthe ainpurposeof technic l cu nt i nf moper uae te reade thrugh ue of ficiet sentences， ot t impre entrtai with fnc l ngua disply、 , tecnical do ume ts ta smit w rt hile i forma on ven hi hl spei li ed info mton-in t e ms traightfor

2、ar w y to their audience、eader f t ical d cu nts re busy nd im atient、 ey d not wi h t u mr nt re i g a d ume t h hey can ge fr it 、 they ate ase ad xpec effic ecy、 every sentenen document houl be evise to ar y i wn weight ， in conv yin writer smeanig、bsrve t e sam r le in dopting senence style s yo

3、u wo ld c osi g the do ment scnent： make it lo g enough to b undrood， yet shrt enough to be tler ted、 hen writi g a e nical docuent， ulthe udelnes be w, hic a as srve asa hekl s fo yor sete cestye:revise sentenc s t be clear and oiamb guity 、learse ec unicate ts prcs eanigon f s r ad g、 it in s e at

4、ionships aong i s prts, emhasizs teey tho g t、ntechn l writing ， ase enc shoulh von y o emeaning、 ak suret words, phrases, a punctuti n re absolutly cear、ambiguoui cannot re e d his cadi at toohigly 、revisedthisca did te has y hi het remedaion 、amb usma y exe tiveareskepical aboff c omatin as we as

5、managers、revisdan exe tve as ell s maaer re eptica bout officeatomation、amb g oubeingw ll k wn n the uteriustry， oupr ectwoul bene t a lot from visedthe t inha team、becaue the tsinh a tam is wel- nown inth pute indsry, our projectalotf om shlp、wou eefiuse acive rather than assiv o mos o t e i e、 all

6、, the actve voi （joe ested the software、 ) is better t th pas e voce (the sotwar is te ted by jo、），but in certain ituatos it n mke ense to u t less atura pa s ve st l、 how ver， m y rite s routinuse t ep ssive style s mplybeause h bel evit is more“f m ”nd“ ac tble 、it s not、 usin hpas vestl is t osmo

7、reaonfor orly str cted enencs ani a ys ads to longer sentnces than are ec ss ry 、 unless you ha verygoodrea on f r th changen epais, u shold l swrite n he ac ie st e、th ollowin exa ples sh w e impr ve nt achieved bswitch n from asie to actve:fau t?theex ellet、corectr p rt was ttn by eter， and was fo

8、n o be peter w ote the eport, ad t was exc llent、f ? e ld so ld b ealed wi h wax、cor tsealth ld ith ax、badthe valuesw r masured tomt by heontrol ystm、the valus au o at cagoo ?t e c ntrol sys em me sur、w k i pe oala ff r wi l be made by us ext wee、 ake youan offr next week、tronger?e w lavoid u ncesar

9、y words drepeti i n、an sentnce contain unecessary w rds tha reeat an idea led e sedn anoher wo、 t is a e spac ad b unts themessag、 of e witers use sv ra ord fo id a a can be ep ssed n one、 thi lead t nn essarily plsete cs and red n ancy、 d ndantth pinter is l cated dj cnt o t e utr 、evised e p intr

10、djaen th puter、redundat?te uer an vii ly see he age ovng、r isedte usercn see te imae movi、redudathe prdu t is ot of sti actory nture、rvshe oduct i unsatisf ctor、mak snten es f e、fluentsntnces r polised， rac ful ，and sy o ad、vaied lengt a word der make them f eeof chopins d ono ny、see te llo ng ugges

11、ti ns:e ess “ hat ”this i afuent?this problem b t rprobem me、that botherse、n dl ss qualifiert eems that hey have a l d argume、 visethey ae a valid argu ent、th ee ohave avalid agumen、c pyjoggi can b healthfl youhavethe right equipm t 、 most importa tare ll-fittings oe、 the a ei portanbec uswithout th

12、em o a the caceof nju ig yur egs、 o r knees are spcall pr e oinjury 、rvsedjogin ca e heathu i you have h r ght quip ent、 w ll-fi g es armst mp rant because they r ve i u ies you l s， especiall o r knees、techi wr inexercses1.the fol ng s tnces ar nclearor lack lu cy becau f a ig ou p a ing， incorect

13、wo rd， rto much iformaion、r v e them so that teir meaningsre ar、a) a man eti g shark a spotted in the outh s、b)w aringspeci l equipment，the radioctive a er l fa ledti jure th rator、c)tha i whole new approach that nedattention and research、2.the fol wing entnes n ed to e re rit en in teactive opssvev

14、oic orette emphasis, mdiretn s orgreater econ my、 k necess chnge an give reaon fo eac、a）itis lieved by u tha the contract i fa lt、b)speial lmes hould be wrn aaltim sdur ngtis proec、c)i as r ported by t manag th heprojecwas in robe、d)car shudb t e in th ope aton of h achine、gu e inesto s essful t chn

15、i l wr t ng、 choo ng the ri ht wor and ex essiosy r choic f w rds ultmaely detem es th alof yourwriting 、keep your exprssio sip， jag f e, ori inal， onvincing, prec se， oncre and s ecifi 、r a df icu t od ad ph aes wi h smpleraltern ti es、flowery ction ad needless j gon o scure you message an orce you

16、rreaer to ork oharfo underta dig、w rd it in pl inenglish， nd a oi inflat d cto、 o not use hrsylalesw en one will do、 re is ali of mber of w ds d xres on tht should eally be avoidd in avor of the simle tenai e、appoximately=a utascertain=fin asist， ahlpsistancemenc=st tdmon tat=sowdeling= useef ctuate

17、 o（to） nde（ to) ry rendevor= ffor enquire= skfaciitate= elin conse uence=sin cess of=m ein r ect faboutn he eeifoiniti t be nmul p i t= an ofece t tenedpheno eonev toing at、 nce shouerm nae transm ied, stoptohei uaio t=se d=b a se， = use asiua ion arseher、=f tki int nsideration such fat rs as、=onsid

18、eringalso， unlessyoar discussingbuil ingmaintnanceor pt r grphics， ne er se h verb “rn r、fault the teti g strategy rede ed it imp s e to find ll e fau s、 orrectthe testing strat y m e it impossibe t find a l the ult、in other words, if ouman “ ke” he rt “mk” not “endr ”、ont t yl bles and trm hn yo ca

19、n、 the fo owing is a xample of ba dicti n lai :ifated rev uate the esignof heentruse i terae to min mize esign fa rs w ic arrsultingi se tivea /o criticalaintenan e andinsp i pocedures、reviseredesi i o they a e easi to aintinnd inpect、us e s ins ado nouns ipssibe、look athe f owi g s te ce:half the e

20、m was involved in the velpme of syste y 、this entenc ontins a c assic e le of mon cause o poor r ing style、 the setenc is us ng the abstrac on “dvel pmet ”in lac of t eb “ deve op”、 th s ler d m re atural verson of te senten e s:af the m was invol d in devel in ys em y 、urni g v rbs int trat o n way

21、sproduces senencslong r tan ece ary， o void d n it 、 theoll wingexmples shw impr vement y uca ch e by pl cingnounsith verb :falt he used to h p i th specfica on o new sftware、r i dhe uedt elp speify newsoftw re、f ultycli king t e iconcuse he ex utioof th program、r ised t fau ypr gra excutet e anal s

22、wh n th iconis li ked、 fthe s f w e srevisedfaultyerformed byfre、frd an lyze te software、ws reported by oesthat me od z fa ilita edtheuti iz ti of inspection techn u b the t stng tem、 vse e r porte that meth d z he ped the te intea s inspect te hniques、ue jargonnly if it helps y mu cate better 、e pr

23、es ionslike ms/ o , ui, odb nd g ch arexampl s of jargon、 in genera, jargon ree a secivoa laryo a a ticu r groupor activity 、it is oftenshorthand ra rev t on， wi hspecia zedusa e、 ifyou are confident t t ever reade o yur repo t undr tands the p ialty ， h n it e used、 or exam e, i y ur only poten ial

24、 r d r a e uter sp ci ist , it isappropriate to y at apu i down w thot havin toe lain w at “ down” ens、 i all oth r cases （ hich al o alw y ) jar o shoul be avo ed、 if yocannot a d ng suchexpressions,t en df n the term he fi time yo us t or r fer hereaer to a glossa y whre it i defi、eedles ja gon?in

25、t r utili ation w l e used to ini i teovert me p gra meroerat olvement、revisdprorammes w hav to r ovetime wi l nified on heiner、b co sisten i am g the same subj t r objec 、the rule “nve ue hesae w rd tw ce、 d es no pplyto l for f writ ng、 ome people may fel th y us s differ nt ords o dscibe the sa e

26、 t i g、 in ech calwriting t e ppsite rl a les： “ youhoulalway usethe sam word to r fer to tes me i 、 ”fai ig odo so y confusea ann yreaders、c nsder, rxmpl ， th oll wing p agraph hatwas rttn in group project final ：wrote a project plan fin the firs three ek o te p et er the sytem、 wre a bitou in or e

27、 i emets casewe wanted thero p ro tob a success ad wewantedtheso twa e to bef high uaity、 n fac,we ee ermined tha o r softw re wuld e erstisf tory、 by died e rai d th ew r ma or r bl ms ihthe projec、 thefirstincr men ofth pro ct wedelivered was in nsisten i te requiremnt pecfi aio and t wa clearhein

28、aloe would not be ebst sstem asthere ere cler y btter oups than ours、t e prob m withhs paragraphsthat there are three ky et ha r referred tindiff ret and ncosi tnt ays、 t eobec are：the proj ct:i r ers o thee t rety of te group exprien、th an： rfes toaoume t d ribi the requiemets and thschedule f im l

29、 menting them、 e stem：it efrs o the sofw re system a th rupproject s supo e t deliver、unfo tun te， we fndt a these things ae refered t in f ere t pars f the pa a ap :thepoj c： p je ; g ou rojec； roup、t lan:ro eplan；e ie ns； r quiremens s ecfi atio、thes ste：sst ; o twre； roj ; cde; nl o e、in situatio

30、ns such as this, it is im ot nt o i entf ec diff rentobje irst n ecidenc an for all h w t shou d eed、 onc y u ha ade this ecision onsistet y use t e aname thoughout en yo refer tt atobect、 app yingthisnstuction to the xape a ov i ly el t e f lown imp o ed t：in thefihre weeks o he pr ject r te a pa r

31、the s stem、 o pla was mbit ous bcause we w ntedthe proect tobe a succe nd we wanted t e syst tobhigh uaity、n fa ,we were eermine that ur projectwo l be very stisfactory、b th enw realize thr erem or pr ms wih the projec、the frst ncremenofthe syst m e del v red as inc nsisten ithhe plan and twas clea

32、te inal sys em ld n bete bet sy em a t erewere clerly b tter proj t haours、tecn al iti xerciss1.improv th econom n iretness o the fol owings en esy replacing difficultwords an phraseswt simper t rnaties, and rplacig ouns w tvrs、a)do not hesitate to cotactus intheev nt t at you ar in ed oas tnfo hepu

33、tr ft ar pli atio t antime、b)bill m de the su s otht wehire anddit onal sstemsana st、c)we request he ormtion of a mit e of xperiencd enginees for the eiew of quality is panci、 oftw e2、 revise tef llow n aagrph to ake mr i te lly c ns s en and read ble、good oftware engineri g s bae n a number key pi

34、cipes、 ne such princpl is for th group t get a good under tan ingof t e cus er reuireme s、 i is a so po an odelvr in reuar inc ements， inv l ng th cli nt as mucs possible、 a oter rle i th t it essary to do unitteting, black ox and wht box teting throuhou, i unitesting bei g especially crcia、 in addi

35、ti n t th rvio s docrnes， a prora m n ed be abe to ma n in good uni tion wit i te softwa e team (and as wt t e ser）、uid nes osu e sfu3、 ramm , un tuatio echnical wri i&mecha icsu t1 a exp ied the ot i ortant pr cipl s for improv ng the s yleoyour wri ing、 h eve， it isalso important （and at lly asier

36、) t improve he rm r， pu tuatio an mechanio yo r writing 、 matter ow ital a i format ve a e agemay be、 its r dibility da ged f it ontai errors、 a yerorsillog cl ， f agmnted, un on entene； aulty uctuation： p rl hsewodssand out nd ma ohe se ood w ting、thi ecto poi essve al ui e ines to void he mostmnly

37、 m de lang age er ors、 al ho g it offers no e sy s luti n to long tadin f d nal probems in wr ing, it does povid a simple guie f b imp ove et、 you may discove th t som riting p oblemsareasier tsolve an you had re l ed、gra mrbeaareof dang ng mod iers、 dagling m difier, oncs o enl sisua e、 i a ver phr

38、ase， pr osi na pra e， or endn laus thadoesnot refero the s ct in itssnnce、 c rrect itby r writin t e senten e t m e he modifie c rrespod wi h su jec、dang ing?a r a night of hadwork, h u was finally fixe 、 aft r we had orked all igt, the bug wa f l yesfix d、 glingwit ot nowing th in sig, its diff acu

39、lt o make la s for imlementa ion、revisedb ause w hve not rec ved t inade g， i ff cut to make p ans forth plementa on、dang ingthe projec edd a failure, not having t died h u er r ureents carefu ly 、 vie cul no plete t e roec， nt ha ngstudied the ser requi emets arfu ly、avoid run o sen nces、 u on snten cram too ma y ideas into one s ncwi oupoiding ne d re or ause bet eethou s、 nonthe hourg as is mo e accurat han the