初中英语语法

1、初中英语语法,被动语态,黄羊川职业技术中学 谢富斌,动词的语态,1英语中动词有两种语态： 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。例如：a talk on science will be given in our school next monday.下周一在我们学校将会有一场关于科学的演讲。 2 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词，或“动词介词”构成的及物动词短语。 下面介绍动词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：,各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构

2、对照表,1、the chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world. a. considers b. is considering c. is considered d. has considered 2、john _，for he went swimming yesterday without permission. a. would punished b. had punished c. punished d. was punished 3、- have you moved into the new house ? - not yet .r

3、ooms _. a. are painting b. are painted c. are being painting d. are being painted,一般时态：am/is/are +过去分词,现在进行时态：am/is/are +being +过去分词,过去时态：was/were +过去分词,各种时态的被动结构练习,4、mr. wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he _on . a. operated b. was operated c. was operating d. was being operated 5、the

4、new school _ when the new term begins. a. finishes b. will finish c. will be finished d. would finish 6、the old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long . a. invited b. had invited c. was inviting d. would be invited,过去进行时态：was/were + being +过去分词,一般将来时态：will + be+过去分词,过去将来时态：would

5、 + be+过去分词,7、with the help of the hope project, more and more new schools _ in the poor area. a. built b. have built c. have been built d. have been building 8、he came out and told us that the work _.a. finished b. was finished c. had finished d. had been finished 9、the programmes _ easily if you us

6、e a short wave radio. a. can pick up b. pick up c. picked up d. can be picked up,现在完成时态：have/has + been +过去分词,过去完成时态：had + been +过去分词,情态动词：情态动词+be +过去分词,在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况中： (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。 this watch is made in china.这块手表是在中国制造的。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 more trees must be planted every year.每年都

7、应该种更多的树。 (3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛) (4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。 many houses were washed away in the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。,3.被动语态的用法,把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： 变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主 动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：m

8、any people speak english. english by many people. he washed his shoes yesterday. his shoes by him yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,一变,二套,三注意,4主动语态和被动语态的转换:,注意 把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例 ，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。 如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语he改为him。,“双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语(

9、物)作主语，变被动语态后动词pass, bring, buy, show, send, give, cook等后要加介词.(这个介词是由与其搭配的 动词决定) ；把指“人”的间接宾语变主语，则不用介词。 .he gave me a book. 变直接宾语加to .变间接宾语不加 i was given a book (by him). a book was given to me (by him). .he showed me a ticket. i was shown a ticket (by him). a ticket was shown to me (by him). .my fath

10、er bought me a new bike. i was bought a new bike (by my father). a new bike was bought for me (by my father).,常见的双宾语动词： give, offer, pass, show, lend, send, bring, return, tell等用介词to; buy, make(制作), mend, cook, sing, get等用for.,(5)被动语态后动词形式的选择:主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后

11、跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时应加上不定式符号to。he makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)the girl is made to stay at home.last sunday we heard them sing peking opera in the theatre.(变为被动语态)they were heard to sing peking opera in that theatre last sunday.,使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,1.the boss makes the workers work 18 hours a da

12、y. the workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. 2.i saw him enter the house. he was seen to enter the house by me. 3.the teacher let them leave the classroom after class. they were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. 4.we hear her sing in the room every day. she is hea

13、rd to sing in the room every day. 注意 当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态 时，doing保持不变。如： i saw him going into the shop.(主动) he was seen going into the shop.(被动),第(5)部分巩固训练,.句型“主语+be+形容词+to do”，“主语”是“不定式”的“逻辑 宾语”，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词 有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dangerous, important，expensiv

14、e，comfortable，impossible等。 例如： the picture is pleasant to look at the chair is comfortable to sit on the work is impossible to finish. the question is hard to ask. the machine is easy to use. 注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要根据需要补充相 应的介词。 the pen is comfortable to write with.,.无被动语态的动词： 不及物动词或短语无被动语态，常见的有：happen

15、, take place，belong to, last（持续）, break out（爆发） 例如： great changes have taken place here since 1990. 误：great changes have been taken place here since 1990. taiwan belongs to china. the meeting lasted two hours.会议持续了两小时。 what happened to him last night? 昨晚他发生了什么事？ sars broke out in china that year. .特

16、殊形式的被动：get / have sth. done 含被动 (找人做某事) sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to get their ears pierce、 十六岁的孩子不应该打耳洞。 i should get my shoes repaired. he should have his hair cut. lets get the work done.,中考真题链接,1. i feel very happy that i _ to be the host. congratulations! (07 江西) a. choose b. am c

17、hosen c. was chosen d. haven chosen 2. today chinese _ by more and more people around the world. (07北京) a. was spoken b. is spoken c. spoke d. speak,3(课改实验区考生做) (07重庆) your hometown has changed a lot yes. take a look at these tall buildings. they _ last year a. build bbuilt c. was built dwere built

18、(非课改实验区考生做) 4. why is the classroom so dirty? sorry, sir. it _ yesterday we forgot to do it a. dont clean b. didnt clean c. werent cleaned d. wasnt cleaned,5.the river smells terrible. people must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题） a be stopped to throw b be stopped from throwing c stop to throw d stop

19、from throwing 6.this book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题） a arent ， take away b taken， away c isnt ， taken away d be，taken away 7.he _ _ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）,was told,8. another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题） another m

20、an-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态 9.people there planted many trees last year. trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题） 10. they grow vegetables on the farm. the vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,t,they sent up,were planted,are grown,11. more and more foreigners speak chinese in the

21、world today. (08 重庆) chinese _ _ by more and more foreigners in the world now. 12. dangerous driving causes many accidents, (08 临沂) many accidents _ _ _ many dangerous driving. 13.the twins ate up all the bananas on the plate. (08 西宁) all the bananas _ _ up by the twins. 14.teachers can use cartoons

22、 to give examples in lessons about aids. (08 济南) cartoons _ _ _ to give examples in lessons about aids.,is spoken,are caused by,were eaten,can be used,15.my uncle sent me a christmas present last year. (06 重庆) a christmas present _ _ _ me by my uncle last year.,was sent to,exercise,一、用所给动词的被动语态填空：,1

23、.the children (allow) to take a trip to hangzhou tomorrow. 2.two museums (set) up since two years ago. 3.the doctor must (send) for at once. 4.a reading contest (hold) in the reading room last week. 5.the water in the basin (脸盆) should (not use) to wash your face. 6. at that moment i saw her _ (take

24、) to the operating room (手术室). 7.at the award-giving meeting (颁奖大会), they (give) the first prize. 8.my watch doesnt work now. it (repair) in the shop.,are / were allowed,were set,not be used,taken,were given,is being repaired,be sent,was held,9.these bottles shouldnt (throw) away. they can still (re

25、cycle) in some way. 10. all kinds of vegetables (carry) to the cities by trucks every morning. 11.after the building of the new house (finish), a celebration (hold). 12.she doesnt want (ask) in class. 13.french (not teach) in this school last term. 14.i have thought of several roblems (discuss) at t

26、he meeting. 15. the babies (take) good care of by a group of big girls. 16. this book (write) by a famous writer about 50 years ago. 17. whether to go (not decide) yet. 18.a goodsuggestion just (offer) by a young teacher.,be thrown,be recycled,are carried,was finished,was held,to be asked,was not ta

27、ught,to be discussed,are being / were taken,was written,hasnt been decided,been offered,has,二、改写句子： 1. we plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year. 2. she posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday. 3. mr turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by mr turner.

28、 4. he is drawing a picture. _ by him. 5. you may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow. 6. she is going to write a letter. _ by her.,trees are planted,the letter was posted,i was given,a picture is being drawn,your homework may be handed in,a letter is going to be written,7. i have give

29、n you the new book. _ to you. 8. her bag cannot be found by her. _ her bag. 9. do you often hear her sing russian songs? _russian songs by you? 10. she doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her. 11. the bridge was being built by them at this time last year. _ the bridge at this tim

30、e last year. 12. does she often sing the song? _ by her?,the new book has been given,she cannot find,is she often heard to sing,her son isnt let to swim,they were building,is the song often sung,1. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner a are not kept；will have to

31、b are not kept；have c do not keep；will have to d do not keep；have to 2. the fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. a. developed b. have developed c. are being developed d. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - yes，it all depends on the weather a ive been told b i

32、ve told c im told d i told,a,c,a,三、单项选择,4. i need one more stamp before my collection _. a. has completed b. completes c. has been completed d. is completed 5. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. a. cut b. are cut c. are being cut d. h

33、ad been cut 6. the new bridge _ by the end of last month. a. has been designed b. had been designed c. was designed d. would be designed7. when part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. a. breaks b. has broken c. was broken d. had been broken,d,c,b,c,8. great changes _ in the cit

34、y, and a lot of factories _. a. have been taken place; have been set up b. have taken place; have been set upc. have taken place; have set up d. were taken place; were set up9. that suit _ over 60 dollars. a. had costed b. costed c. is costed d. cost10. - look! everything here is under construction. - whats the pretty small house that _ for?a. is being built b. has been