高级英语第4课 The trial that rocked the world.ppt

1、Lesson 4,The Trial That Rocked the World,I. Aims and Contents of Teaching:,1. the comprehension of the text and the mastery of the important language points 2. the paraphrase of certain complicated or difficult sentences,I. Aims and contents of Teaching:,3. the enlargement of the students vocabulary

2、 4. the familiarization with the styles of composition and devices of figuration,II. Procedures of Teaching:,1. Background knowledge 2. Detailed study of the text 3. Structural analysis 4. Language features 5. Supplementary exercise,III. Background Knowledge:,1. Religions God: the Deity, the Divinit

3、y, Holy One, Jehovah, the Lord, Providence, the Almighty, the Creator and etc. There is only one God in heaven. But the belief in God has developed into three religious sections: Christianity, Judaism and Islam.,III. Background Knowledge:,Christianity: Roman Catholic Protestant Orthodox Eastern Chur

4、ch Trinity: the Holy Father, the Holy Son and the Holy Spirit/Ghost, with Jesus Christ as its incarnation.,III. Background Knowledge:,Bible: Name of the Christian Scriptures, the Old Testament and the New Testament.,III. Background Knowledge:,Bible Old Testament: Christian name for the Hebrew Bible,

5、 the first portion of the Christian Bible Genesis: first book of the Old Testament which tells the origin of the world and of man,III. Background Knowledge:,Bible New Testament: the distinctive Christian portion of the Bible Gospel: Greek word for good news. the first four books of the New Testament

6、.,III. Background Knowledge:,Bible fundamentalism: conservative religious movement. Its aim is to maintain word for word interpretations of the Bible. Nowadays this word can apply to other religions.,III. Background Knowledge:,2. American governing system a. Legislature: parliament-Congress and Sena

7、te b. Executive: the president and his administration c. Judicial: the Federal Supreme Court,III. Background Knowledge:,3. Civil Law: 4. Criminal Law 5. Jury 6. Counselor / Counsellor,VI. Detailed Study:,1. buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper 2. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantn

8、ess, torrid, sultry,VI. Detailed Study:,3. counsel: a group of one or more lawyers (barristers) acting for someone in a court of law 4. prosecution: the act of bringing a criminal charge against sb. in a court of law,VI. Detailed Study:,5. silver-tongued: (lit.) able to give fine persuading speeches

9、, eloquent 6. orator: a good public speaker, a person who delivers an oration (formal and solemn public speeches),VI. Detailed Study:,7. nominee: a person who has been named officially for election to a position, office, honour, etc. a Nobel Prize nominee / a presidential nominee,VI. Detailed Study:

10、,8. bring about: cause Scientists have brought about great changes in our lives.,VI. Detailed Study:,9. involve: to cause sb. to become connected or concerned Dont involve other people in your mistakes. We are all involved, whether we like it or not.,VI. Detailed Study:,10. testify: to make a solemn

11、 statement, esp. under oath in a court of law, of what is true The witnesses testify / give evidence in the law court. One witness testified that he had seen the prisoner ran out of the bank after it had been robbed.,VI. Detailed Study:,11. on hand: available, present, cf: within reach: the distance

12、 one can reach at hand: near in time or place,VI. Detailed Study:,Always have your dictionary on hand / within reach / at hand when you study. Please be on hand at 12 sharp. I have a great deal of important work on hand.,VI. Detailed Study:,All his old friends will be on hand / present to see Jack r

13、eceive the medal of honour. I want you to be at hand / near during my interview with the boss of the company. The post office is close at hand.,VI. Detailed Study:,12. reassure: comfort and make free from fear, stop worrying often by saying sth. kind or friendly The doctor reassured the sick man abo

14、ut his health. She wont believe it in spite of all our reassurance.,VI. Detailed Study:,cf: assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; promise The captain assured the passengers that there was no danger.,VI. Detailed Study:,13. erupt: (of a volcano) to explode and pour out fire Here, emerge,

15、happen quickly, come down upon unexpectedly and violently; I was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair.,VI. Detailed Study:,14. adhere to: to favour strongly, stick firmly to; The wallpaper wont adhere to the ceiling. They adhere to the contract.,VI. Detailed Study:,He resolutely adhered to what he

16、had said at the meeting. adhere to the four cardinal / fundamental principles,VI. Detailed Study:,15. prohibit: to forbid, to ban to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors / pornographic literature or video tapes / prostitution / visiting prostitutes / smoking in public places, et

17、c.,VI. Detailed Study:,cf: FORBID is more direct and familiar, while PROHIBIT is more formal or official; they do not widely differ in their essential implications. to forbid a child to leave the house,VI. Detailed Study:,16. violate: to disregard or act against sth. solemnly promised The actress vi

18、olated the terms of her contract. This is considered as a violation of the Constitution. If you violate someones privacy or peace, you disturb it.,VI. Detailed Study:,17. legality: the condition of being lawful; lawfulness The legality of this action will be decided by the court.,VI. Detailed Study:

19、,18. indict: to indict sb. for a crime means to charge them with it officially Five men were caught at the scene and indicted.,VI. Detailed Study:,cf: accuse, charge, prosecute, blame One accuses sb. of cheating. One charges sb. with cheating. One prosecutes sb. for theft. One blames sb. for the fai

20、lure.,VI. Detailed Study:,least of all: to an insignificant degree Nobody need worry, you least of all/ least of all you. Least of all would I lie to you. Nobody seemed amused, least of all Jenny.,VI. Detailed Study:,19. anticipate: to expect what will happen We are not anticipating that there will

21、be much trouble. We anticipate that the enemy would try to cross the river and so seize the bridge.,VI. Detailed Study:,take on: begin to have (a particular quality, appearance, etc), assume sth. He has taken on some irritating mannerism. The chameleon can take on the colours of its background. Her

22、eyes took on a hurt expression.,VI. Detailed Study:,20. festoon: If you festoon sth. with decorations, lights or other things, you spread or hang these things over it in large numbers in order to decorate it. The garden was festooned with coloured lights.,VI. Detailed Study:,21. sprout: to grow or c

23、ome out, appear and spread rapidly n. new growth of a plant, shoot bean sprouts / bamboo shoots 22. rickety: weak in joints and likely to break rickety old man / stairs / cart,VI. Detailed Study:,23. evangelist: one who preaches the gospel (good news) 24. exhort: urge earnestly or advise strongly sb

24、. to do sth. to exhort sb. to do good / to work harder, etc.,VI. Detailed Study:,25. cheer: support and encourage, shout in praise, approval or support Every time a Chinese runner won a race the crowd cheered. The crowd cheered their favourite horse.,VI. Detailed Study:,26. infidel: (old beg He appe

25、aled to his attacker for mercy. He appealed to me for help. v. please, attract, interest Some people say Peking Opera is too old-fashioned to appeal to people any longer. The idea appealed to me.,VI. Detailed Study:,64. intellect, intellectual, intelligence, intelligent intellect: the ability to und

26、erstand or deal with ideas and information, the ability to reason rather than to feel or act.,VI. Detailed Study:,intellectual: adj. concerning the intellect, able to use the intellect well, showing unusual reasoning powers,VI. Detailed Study:,intellectual: n. a person who works and lives by using h

27、is mind. It is mans intellect that distinguishes him from the beasts. Chess is a highly intellectual game. He is an intellectual person / an intellectual.,VI. Detailed Study:,intelligence: a. good ability to learn and understand quickly b. information gathered by the government or the army about the

28、ir countrys enemies and their activities. intelligence quotient (IQ) Use your intelligence. CIA,VI. Detailed Study:,intelligent: having or showing powers of reasoning or understanding. Dr. Smith is a man of great intelligence but Prof. Brown earns the respect of his colleagues for his high intellect

29、.,VI. Detailed Study:,An Intellectual or Intellectual person is one who has developed his brain and is highly educated. One can be very intelligent / have great intelligence, without knowing much. A small child with a clever quick mind is intelligent but he can hardly be an intellectual.,VI. Detaile

30、d Study:,65. duel: unlawful fight between two persons who have quarrelled, usu. with swords or pistols, at a meeting arranged and conducted according to rules, in the presence of two other persons called seconds.,VI. Detailed Study:,66. roar: to give a deep loud continuing sound. tigers roaring in t

31、heir cages He just roared (ie laughed loudly) when he heard that joke! n. long loud deep sound,VI. Detailed Study:,67. mortal: n. a human being as compared with a god, a spirit, etc. All human beings are mortal. adj. causing death; fatal a mortal wound, injury, etc The collapse of the business was a

32、 mortal blow to him and his family.,VI. Detailed Study:,68. agency: Truth does not need any human influence to support it. Xinhua News Agency the Central Intelligence Agency,VI. Detailed Study:,69. momentary: transitory, lasting for a very short moment 70. hush: silence, stillness, quiet, calm,VI. D

33、etailed Study:,71. rule: decide officially The jury ruled that he was innocent of all charges. The club ruled against accepting new members. I cannot rule out / exclude the possibility of trouble.,VI. Detailed Study:,72. adjourn: to bring a meeting, trial, etc to a stop, esp. for a particular period

34、 or until a later time 73. hawker: a person who travels from place to place selling things, usu. with a cart.,VI. Detailed Study:,74. ponder: to consider, to think about sth. carefully Each chess player will have five minutes to ponder his next move. Give me a few days to ponder over it.,VI. Detaile

35、d Study:,75. brute: an animal, esp. one that you feel sorry for The lions I am talking about are the poor half-starved brutes reserved for tourists. stupid, animal-like or cruel person, esp. one who has a tendency to behave violently. He is an unfeeling brute.,VI. Detailed Study:,76. cower: to bend

36、low and draw back as from fear, pain, shame, cold etc. The dog cowered when its master beat it. crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries coward: a person unable to face danger because he lacks courage,VI. Detailed Study:,77. sulphur: AmE. sulfur. 硫磺 sulphurous:

37、scathing, harsh 78. dispatch: a report sent by a journalist who is in a different town or country. I picked up the paper and read a dispatch from a correspondent in New York.,VI. Detailed Study:,79. collapse: fall down or in, break to pieces. The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow. If you w

38、ork too hard, your health may collapse. Their marriage collapsed.,VI. Detailed Study:,80. resume: go on after stopping for a time Well stop here and resume working at 2 oclock. Those standing may resume their seats. resume-curriculum vitae,VI. Detailed Study:,81. squat: to sit on ones heels, or on t

39、he ground with the legs drawn up close to the body 82. perch: rest, stand or sit on the edge of sth. that is not intended to be a seat. Dr Smith perched on the corner of his desk. The sparrow perched upon the television antenna.,VI. Detailed Study:,83. gawk: look at sth. in a foolish way 84. spring:

40、 to bring forward suddenly, to produce as a surprise He sprang his marriage on his parents. The film made her spring into fame. He sprang a new proposal.,VI. Detailed Study:,85. trump card: (in card games such as bridge or poker) each card of a suit that has, for the time being, higher value than th

41、e other three suits Hearts (spades, clubs, diamonds) are trumps. to play ones trump card: to make used of ones most valuable resource,VI. Detailed Study:,86. startle: to give a shock or surprise You startled me. I didnt hear you come in. I was startled to hear his news / by his news.,VI. Detailed St

42、udy:,87. wile: a trick intended to deceive, skill in outwitting wily: full of wiles, cunning, crafty The serpent by his wiles persuaded Eve to eat the apple. the wiles of the Devil,VI. Detailed Study:,88. campaign: a series of planned activities to gain a special object a political / advertising cam

43、paign 89. passage: passing of a bill so that it becomes law. Passage of such a resolution depends on public support.,VI. Detailed Study:,90. resolute: fixed in determination or propose, firm You must be resolute and do what you think best. He was a serious, resolute student.,VI. Detailed Study:,91.

44、strode: walk with long steps 92. repel: to drive back by force, rebuff to repel an attack This material will repel heat and moisture.,VI. Detailed Study:,93. punctuate: to interrupt from time to time a speech punctuated with cheers 94. Amen: may this be true, so be it 95. enquire, inquire: question,

45、VI. Detailed Study:,96. mop: to wipe up with a mop, to wipe away sweat with a handkerchief 97. bald: hairless, leafless, featherless 98. dome: rounded roof with a circular base, sth. shaped like a dome,VI. Detailed Study:,99. snigger: (AmE snicker) to laugh in a disrespectful more or less secret way

46、 cf: giggle, snort,VI. Detailed Study:,100. twirl: to turn round and round quickly, to cause to spin The secretary twirled the pencil round in her fingers. She twirled her hair round her fingers.,VI. Detailed Study:,101. pursue: to follow in order to overtake, capture, kill, or defeat The policeman

47、pursued the thief down the road. She felt their eyes pursuing her. The poet pursued fame all his life.,VI. Detailed Study:,102. condemn: a. to declare sb. to be wrong or evil Everyone condemned his foolish behaviour. Most people condemn nuclear war. b. to sentence, to state the punishment The judge

48、condemned the criminal to ten years in jail.,VI. Detailed Study:,cf: Condemn carries very strong judicial connotations. It implies a final decision or a definitive judgement. Denounce adds to condemn the implication of public declaration. When meaning to criticise, the two words are similar in usage

49、.,VI. Detailed Study:,103. livid: blue-grey, as of marks on the skin after being hit (bruise) 104. slur: an unfair damaging remark Dont slur my brothers reputation. The rumours cast a slur upon my good name.,VI. Detailed Study:,105. gravel: hammer 106. quell: to quiet, to put down The dictator quell

50、ed the uprising. The police used fire hoses and tear gas to quell the rioters. 107. hubbub: a mixture of loud noises cf: din: distressing hubbub, causing the ear to suffer,VI. Detailed Study:,108. forlorn: (one who is) left alone and unhappy as forlorn as King Lear at the end of his days.,VI. Detail

51、ed Study:,109. hail: a. to salute, greet with enthusiastic approval The crowd hailed the victor. The people lined the streets to hail the returning heroes. b. to summon by calling to hail a taxi / a passing boat,VI. Detailed Study:,110. on the books : (here) still listed in the law,VI. Detailed Stud

52、y:,111. wake: track left by a ship on smooth water in the wake of: after, following Seagulls followed in the wake of the ship. The car left clouds of dust in its wake. Many troubles follow in the wake of war.,IV. Structural Analysis,Part 1: the setting of the scene (A buzz ran . his views) Part 2: t

53、he trail itself (By the time . for an oil company) Part 3: the ending (Not long ago.with the passing years),IV. Structural Analysis,The process of the trial Day 1: Preliminary fight J. Scopes is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant. Today it is the teachers, and tomorrow it will be the mag

54、azines, After a while, it is the setting of man against man. (para.14) That damned infidel. (para.15),IV. Structural Analysis,Day 2: calling witnesses Bryan: “The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes” (para.20),IV. Structural Analysis,Judge ruled against permitting

55、the scientists to testify for the defence. (para.25) Climax of the trial: Darrows trick to trap Bryan. (para.30),IV. Structural Analysis,Day 3: verdict: guilty, $100 fine and costs. (para.44) Victorious defeat. (para.45),V. Rhetorical Devices:,Metaphor: my case would snowball into. (para.9) our town

56、 .had taken on a circus atmosphere. (para.10) The street .sprouted with . (para.10) had not scorched the infidels. after the preliminary sparring over legalities,V. Rhetorical Devices:,Hyperbole: The trial that rocked the world Transferred epithet Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. Antithes