电大时态.ppt

1、Grammar,(1 )句型（7种） SV：I must go and see. SVO: She closes the front door. SVC: The box grew heavier. All she had was a small purse with ten English pound notes in it.,SVOC: We call him Jack. They considered my work quite a nice one. SVOO: She sent me a book. Santa Claus brought the children many pres

2、ents. SVA: Ann lay on the beach. The next meeting will be on the 5th February. SVOA: She throws her handbag on the table. They treated her kindly.,(2)Tense 时态,传统的英语法认为，英语的时态包括时态(tense)和体态(aspect)两部分。从时间方面看，英语的时态有“现在” “过去” “将来”和“过去”将来”四种；而从体态方面来看，又有“一般” “进行” “完成” 和“完成进行”四种。把“时态”和“体态”组合在一起，便有了16种时态形式（

3、简称为时态）。下面我们以动词 play为例，把这16种时态列在表中。,第三人称单数为例,1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时是跨过去时和现在时的一种混合时态，即它的动作发生在过去，但句子意思的重心是现存的结果或过去发生的事对现在的影响。也就是说，现在完成时所表达的内容虽然动作发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。 一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，与现在毫无关系。因此，区分现在完成时与一般过去时的一条重要原则，就是现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用。,如果指出了确定的过去时间，如 yesterday，two weeks ago，in 1994，

4、when I got there等，通常需用一般过去时或其它有关的过去时态。 现在完成时则常与already，always，often，ever，never，yet，notyet，just等不表示明确时间的副词连用，还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since，for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如：now, today，this month，this year，recently，these few days 等。,2. Since / for 的区别 （1）都引导时间状语，与现在完成时连用 e.g. Molly has given up smoking since she was ill.

5、They havent come to see me for two weeks. Since + 时间点， for + 时间段 Since liberation in 1949, he has kept a diary about his work. She has lived there since she retired. She hasnt gone to classes for several days. Ive known about flying saucers for years.,3. have been to / have gone to 的区别 have been to表

6、示去过已经回来， have gone to表示仍在那儿，或在途中 e.g. Zhang Ming has gone to Shanghai. He will be back next month. Zhang Ming has been to Shanghai. He came back yesterday.,（2）解题指导 Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences: 1.Great changes_ in Beijing in the past three years. A. took place

7、B. have taken place C. has taken place D. have been taken place 答案是B。 这个句子的意思是“在过去三年中，北京发生了巨大变化。”在过去三年中包括现在，因此应该用现在完成时，表示动作从三年前直至现在。此句的主语是“changes，”故应选用have ；“take place（发生）”这一词组不能用被动形式，故此题答案只能选B。,2.Where _ the students of Class Three? They _ morning exercises on the playground now. A. are, are doin

8、g B. are, do C. were, are doing D. were, did 答案是A。 这是一道选择正确时态搭配的题。一般现在时和现在进行时经常同在一个句子里使用。一般现在时表示习惯性的反复发生的动作或表示现在的状况；现在进行时则表示此刻（说话人说话时）正在进行的动作或状况。此句的意思是“三班学生在哪儿？他们现在正在操场上做早操。”因此，只能选择A项。,3.Four years _ since I _the army. A. passedjoined B. have passedhave joined C. has passedjoined D. have passedjoined 答案是D。 在由since (自从)引导的复合句中，时间状语从句一般用一般过去时；而其主句需用现在完成时，此复合句中的主句的主语是复数（Four years），故其选择答案应是D，全句的意思是“自从我参军以来，四年过去了。”,4.Mary suddenly _ ill last Sunday, but now she _ much better. A. fellfelt B.