英美报刊选读标题特点总结

1、Headlines,Headlines,At a time when the pace of life is getting faster and faster, everything seems to be bidding for peoples attention, the newspapers are no exception. We must know that the news stories which should be important , timely, unique and interesting must be written concisely and clearly

2、.,So a headline must lure its readers to spend enough time for the lead, if not the whole story. Even on the same and single newspaper, a better headline is likely to draw more attention to the specific story from among the many on the same page. So we say that a headline, If not effective, must mee

3、t two requirements to capture the essence of the event and to attract the readers attention.,To better serve the two functions, newspapers or magazine editors also write subheads along with the main headlines. Subheads are written generally to give the main headline a further explanation for the cau

4、se, result, or background of an event. A news story needs to be concise and brief, as news-writing teachers would often say: “ Dont waste words, Dont waste space! Never use two words when one is enough.” And therefore they have developed their own grammatical style.,The major difference of the gramm

5、atical rules used for daily English and news headlines lies in the frequent omission of auxiliary words such as “be” in infinitives, present tense or passive voice in headlines, Articles, definite or indefinite, are also often let out in headlines. “Shall”, “will”, “would” are hard to find in headli

6、nes. Future tense is always indicated by infinitive “to+ do” instead of the traditional “ be (about) + to do” structure, or simply present tense.,An efficient reader can scan the headlines and know the news for the day. But it all depends on how well he or she can understand headline.,怎样阅读英文报刊 报刊是人们

7、了解国内外大事的窗口，尤其是在社会经济文化迅速发展，国际交流日益频繁的今天，报刊的作用就更为突出。在我国，越来越多的读者想利用英文报刊了解国内外时事，开拓视野，增长知识。如何快速而准确地获得英文报刊的信息，已成为广大读者急需解决的问题。为此，我们谈谈阅读英文报刊时需注意的几个方面。,首先，必须掌握英文报刊标题的语言特点。标题是新闻报道的点睛之笔，通常以鲜明的黑体大字在文章的抢眼处标出，它既要扣住全文要点，突出中心，又要新颖醒目，其作用不可忽视。但对不少读者来说，首先碰到的问题是：不少标题奇特，无法一看就懂。究竟是什么东西妨碍顺利阅读和准确理解标题呢？原因在于新闻报道作为一种独特的文体，它的文法

8、和用词与一般的书面英语有很大的区别。这一点在标题的使用上显得尤为突出。因此，对英语学习者来说，掌握标题的语言特点，是读懂标题的关键。新闻报道标题的主要特点是短而精，力求删繁就简，具体表现在两个方面：一是省略某些语法功能的虚词；二是标题的时态有其特定的习惯用法。归纳起来，其语言特点见之于下：,1在不发生歧义的情况下，冠词往往被省略。例如： Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered Standard English : (An) Italian Ex-Mayor (is) Murdered. Chinese Population Is Put at 13 Billion（Internat

9、ional Herald Tribune） Standard English：The Chinese Population Is Put at 13 Billion,2系动词经常被省略。例如： Joblessness Still a Problem（China Daily） Standard English：Joblessness Is Still a Problem Forecast of Mexican quake accurate，but ignored（Science News） Standard English：The Forecast of Mexican quake is acc

10、urate，but it is ignored,3连词、代词、引导词也会省略。例如： Anne and baby are well（South China Morning Post） Standard English：Anne and her baby are well Far fewer pit closures and job losses likely than rumored（The Times） Standard English：There are far fewer pit closures and job losses likely than have been rumored,

11、4现在分词表示事件正在进行。例如： Spinning out of orbit（Time） Standard English：（The Spacecraft）Is Spinning out of orbit India Mending Fences（China Daily） Standard English：India Is Mending Her Fences,5过去分词表示被动语态。例如： Economists told Chinas programme unchanged（China Daily） Standard English：Economists are told Chinas p

12、rogramme is unchanged Japan：Skilled Hands Needed（International Herald Tribune） Standard English：Japan：Skilled Hands Are Needed,6动词不定式通常表述未来行为。例如： Florida Freeze To Increase Area Produce Prices（The Washington Post） Standard English：Florida Freeze Will Increase Area Produce Prices Pope to visit Japan

13、in February（The New York Times） Standard English：Pope will visit Japan in February,其次，应该重视新闻报道首段的阅读。英文报刊的新闻报道和中文报刊一样，都在真实的原则下，力求简洁生动，有吸引力，能快而准地给读者提供信息，传达时事。为此，作者往往开门见山，将一则消息的主要内容浓缩在第一段里，使读者一看就能略知此新闻记载了何人（who），何事（what），何时（when），何处（where），为何原因（why）以及如何发生（how）这几大要素，从而对整个事件有一个初步的了解。所以说新闻报道的第一段是全文的精华和缩影，

14、我们必须重视该段的阅读。请看下面一则新闻报道的首段：,US Marines，launching a daylight helicopter operation from ships offshore，rescued 59 Americans on Sunday from the Liberian capital of Monrovia to protect them from what the White House said was imminent danger in that war torn nation The White House International Herald Tri

15、bune,此文节选自国际先锋论坛报的一则头版头条新闻报道。从这部分我们看出寥寥数语浓缩了全文的要点，勾勒出了整个事件的基本轮廓。读完第一段后马上就能搞清以下几大要素：何人（who）美国海军；何事（what）营救59名美国公民；何时（when）星期日；何处（where）利比里亚首都蒙罗维亚；原因（why）保护美国人避开那个战乱国家里即将出现的危险局势；方式（how）直升飞机从近海的美国军舰上起飞去营救困在利比里亚首都的美国人。文章的其余段落都是第一段的延伸和扩展，若无暇阅读，只要浏览第一段便可掌握事件的轮廓。,再次，还需要熟悉新闻英语的常用短词。由于报刊的篇幅有限，新闻报道在词汇的使用上也力求删

16、繁就简，即以短词取代长词，其用词强调简明扼要，单刀直入，切中要害。新闻标题中常见的缩写词主要有三种：1组织机构的简称，如CPC中国共产党，CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议，UNESCO联合国教科文组织，EEC欧洲经济共同体，NATO北大西洋公约组织，OPEC石油输出国组织，IRA爱尔兰共和军。,2表示职务或职业特征的各种人物名称，如MP国会议员，VIP 重要人物， DJ无线电唱片音乐节目广播员。3某些大家熟悉的事物名称，如TB肺结核，DJI道琼斯指数，UFO飞碟（不明飞行物体），USO不明潜水物体。此外，新闻标题还广泛使用简缩词，即通过“截短法”（Clipping）或“缩短法”（Shorteni

17、ng）构成的截头、去尾或把两个词各取一部分合在一起而构成的短词。例如：copter直升飞机，flu流行性感冒，fridge冰箱，ecopolitical经济政治学的， pop-singer流行歌曲演唱家。熟悉这些常用短词能有效地提高阅读英文报刊的能力。,另外，值得注意的是，阅读英文决不是简单的大脑思维与英文字母的相互作用，在很大程度上，读者对背景知识的了解会直接影响到对文章的理解。因此，阅读英文报刊时适当选材是非常必要的。一般说来，英文报刊前几版都是登载重大时事新闻，然后是金融市场信息、体育新闻、广告等，其间也穿插一些西方国家情况的报道和风土人情的介绍，读者可以从中选择与自己专业特长、兴趣爱好

18、或日常生活关系密切的内容来读，以便提高阅读效率。或者利用从中文报刊或其他新闻媒介了解到的信息作为基础，再去读英文报刊所刊登的有关内容，这样也会较轻松地读懂，并且也是提高英语水平极为有利的好方法。,报刊标题译法视文章内容而定,There goes Lebanon. （The Economist, February 11,1984) 黎巴嫩就这样了 文章报道关于导致黎巴嫩现状的错综复杂 的矛盾。,Have cash, Will Travel (Far Eastern Economic Review,1992) 腰缠万贯， 广兴产业 香港首富李嘉诚,Ballots, Not Bullets (Tim

19、e, Novemember,1995） 要和平，不要战争 文章关于阿尔及利亚人民希望政府与对立派和解，进行和解，结束战争。 (课本P90）,Blown-Away Hopes (Time, February,1996) 和平的希望被炸掉了 该文章的内容是1996年2月9日，IRA突然宣布终止停火，一枚炸弹在伦敦爆炸，和平的希望趋于渺茫。“Hopes” 被译成 “和平的希望”， “Blown-Away” 一语双关。,Can he do a Deng? 他能像邓小平那样改革吗？ 文章内容谈的是戈尔巴乔夫在前苏联实行 改革。,Catching the Asian Flu (Time) 华尔街患上“亚洲

20、流感” 1998年亚洲金融危机也是华尔街股票大跌，编辑把亚洲金融危机形象地比喻为流感传染了美国，可谓是独具匠心。,Free Fall (the Economist) 一落千丈 “Free Fall” 是自由降落的意思，这里比喻前苏联的经济大滑坡，一发不可收拾。,Bridge Over an Infamous Wall (Time) 挡不住的柏林墙 该标题如果直译是 “跨越一道不光彩的墙”。 文章反应的是东西德国人民盼望加强往来的愿望。,省略、时态、缩略词、小词见课本 （P56 ) ( Subs: submarines),简短名词在英语新闻标题乃至消息报道中屡见不鲜，俯拾即是。读者平时阅读时不妨

21、多加留意，这对于提高英语水平，尤其是熟悉英语同义名词，无疑是大有裨益的。为便于读者更好地理解英语所闻标题，现再列举一些这类常见诸报端的标题小词，以备不时之需：,acechampion（得胜者）aidassistance（帮助）blastexplosion（爆炸） bodycommitteecommission（ 委员会） clashcontroversy（机构）crashcollision（碰撞；坠毁）dealagreementtransaction （协议交易）demsdemocrats 民主主义者；民主人士; （美国）民主党党员,envoyambassador（大使）fakecounter

22、feit（赝品；骗局）fete=celebration庆祝（活动）feudstrong dispute（严重分歧）flopfailure（失败）freezestabilization （物价、工资等） 冻结；平抑glutoversupply（供过于求）GOPGrand 0ld Party（美国）共和党,nodapproval（许可；批准）pact=agreementtreaty （条约协议）pollelectionpublic opinion poll （投票选举民意测验）probeinvestigation（调查）pulloutwithdrawal（撤退；撤离）riftseparation（

23、隔离；分离）rowquarrel（争论；争议）,setready（准备）snagunexpected difficulty （意外障碍；意外困难）statementdispute that cannot be settled（僵持；僵局）stanceattitude（态度）stepprogress（进程；进步）strifeconflict（冲突；矛盾）ties（diplomatic）relations （外交）关系,从结构上讲，新闻的标题有单行、多行，单一结构和复合结构之分。单行标题在目前报纸上反倒是少见的。但无论标题多少行，其结构一般都是单一的。 有时为了突出重点， 在版面允许的前提下，编辑

24、可能会把标题做成复合结构，即标题不但有主题，还有辅题。 主题一般揭示新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心思想。辅题，在复合标题中突出说明新闻事件的背景、原因、结果、新闻的来源等内容。,Contagion, then complacency World leaders at Davos forum must join the G20s efforts to reform the international Financial system, says Paul Martin 危机蔓延与沾沾自喜 保罗.马丁说参加达沃斯论坛的世界领袖们 应该与20国集团共同努力改革世界金融体系,Business, fin

25、ancial and political leaders gathering today for the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland , will be grappling with the implications of globalization for economic governance in the 21st century. Global economic integration has generated enormous benefits; but without international rules to solv

26、e the problems that can spill over from one country to the next, it also entails huge risks.,A little over a year ago, financial markets seized up a global crunch（困境） and economic prospects were clouded by crises. World recession was avoided by industrialized countries cutting their interest rate an

27、d by the efforts of Bretton Woods institutions the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank-to limit the spread of the contagion.,But there is no room for complacency. The existing international architecture was designed to help with current account problems, not resolve capital account crises

28、 rising from huge private flows.,Bush Heads to Michigan in Glow of Big Victory Mccain licks wounds after South Carolina Rejects His Candidacy Feb21,2000. International Herald Tribune 布什乘大胜之风挺进密歇根 麦凯恩南卡州失利痛舔伤口,有些标题为何文理不通,A.形容词短语单独作谓语 EU and China Closer to deal on Beijings WTO entry The European Unio

29、n and China yesterday ended three days of talks on Beijings efforts to join the World Trade Organization by expressing hopes they could complete negotiations soon.,B. 分词短语作谓语 Identities of Hijack Suspects Released 2001.9.16 Financial Times Fed expected to make a half-point cut in rates Central bank

30、move would bring key to lowest level since early 1960s -Oct2,Financial Times 美联储有望下调利率0.5个百分点 央行此举会使美国主导利率降至60年代以来最低点,Government web sites invaded Computer hackers have invaded the home pages of two Japanese ministries 政府网站被黑客入侵 电脑黑客入侵了日本两个政府部门的主页,动词不定式作谓语 China to Continue fiscal program to aid eco

31、nomy China said yesterday it would continue its fiscal stimulus program until the economy was able to grow without state help. 中国将继续其支持经济发展的财政政策 中国昨天宣布在中国经济能够摆脱政府支持而独立增长之前，政府将继续其刺激经济增长的财政项目。,短语做标题 “Win Some and Lose Some” Muhammad Alis daughter talks about girl power ,being pretty and slugging it ou

32、t in China May 1,2000 Newsweek “有输有赢” 拳王阿里的女儿谈论女人的力量和美丽，她如何要在中国“大打出手”以证实自己的力量与美,Meanings Behind Word play,Candidate in the World How a wavering Hillary Rodham Clinton finally decided to declare Well, its about time. Yesterday, Hillary Rodham Clinton turned the longest-running unofficial campaign in

33、political soap-opera history into something real, she is now an actual, for-the-record , read-my-lips candidates for the U.S. Senate from New York. Feb7,2000 the Washington Post,To Save or Not to Save Uncle Sam sends the wrong message. Why is the personal savings rate in the U.S. so low? Conventiona

34、l wisdom says its because many people earn just enough to get by.,Harvard University (Harvard University) is the longest in U.S. history one of the first-class academic institution, is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and at Boston and across the Charles River. Harvard University has two college

35、s to recruit students, Harvard College and Radcliffe College, which recruited the students about half of all students at Harvard University. Ivy Harvard University is one of the school. 哈佛大学 (Harvard University)是美国历史最悠久的一流学府之一，坐落于马萨诸塞州剑桥，隔查尔斯河与波士顿相望。哈佛大学有两所学院招收本科生，即哈佛学院和拉德克利夫学院，它们招收的学生约占哈佛大学全体学生的一半。

36、哈佛大学是常春藤联校之一。,Harvard University, founded in 1636, formerly known as Cambridge College. Born in London, the British minister John Harvard (John Harvard, graduating from the University of Cambridge in England) in 1637 by the British Institute in this new work, the work is very positive, be praised. H

37、e will all of its collections and half of these assets donated to the institute, the school be renamed the Harvard University. 1638 summer school at only one school teachers, a Muban Fang and a School House.,哈佛大学创建于1636年，原称剑桥学院。出生于伦敦的英国牧师约翰哈佛(John Harvard， 英国剑桥大学毕业) 于1637年由英国到此新建的学院内工作，由于工作很积极，得到好评。

38、他将其全部藏书和一半资产捐赠给这所学院，该校因此而改名为哈佛大学。1638年夏天学校开学时只有一名教师、一所木板房和一个“校院”。,Elliott president of the Harvard period (1869-1909), will be the Harvard of the impact of national schools. He used an elective system, replacing the stereotype of classical courses, students can pursue their professional interest. To

39、days Harvard is already a multi-disciplinary comprehensive university. 埃利奥特任哈佛校长期间（1869至1909年），将哈佛办成了具有全国影响的学校。他采用选修制，取代了刻板的古典课程，学生们可以攻读他们感兴趣的专业。今天的哈佛大学已是一个多学科的综合性大学。,Harvard University has 17 of the subjects, belong to two college students (Harvard College and Radcliffe College) and 10 graduate sch

40、ools: College of Arts, School of Medicine, Institute of Education, School of Design, School of Public Health, administration College of Law, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Theology and the School of Business. And it is directly linked to a 95 libraries, 7 Institute of Botany, two Observatory, more

41、 than 50 science, engineering and medical laboratories, nine natural history, medicine, art and archaeological museums.,Harvard University also has many well-known research centres, such as the Centre for the Study of International Affairs, Education Policy Research Center, Environmental Design Rese

42、arch Center, a computer research centre. Oriental Research Center, Harvard-Yenching Institute, a specialized study of China, the United States by the well-known China experts Fairbank long-term support.,哈佛大学设有17个学科系，分属2个本科生学院（哈佛学院和拉德克利夫学院）和10个研究生学院：文理学院、医学院、教育学院、设计学院、公共卫生学院、行政管理学院、法学院、牙医学院、神学院和商学院。与

43、它有直接联系的有95家图书馆、7个植物研究所、2个天文台、50余个科学、工程和医学实验室、9家自然历史、医学、艺术和考古博物馆。哈佛大学还拥有许多著名的研究中心，如国际事务研究中心、教育政策研究中心、环境设计研究中心、电子计算机研究中心等。东方研究中心燕京研究所，是个专门研究中国问题的机构，受到美国著名中国问题专家费正清长期支持。,Steve Jobs Leaves the World a BetterPlace OCTOBER 6, 2011BYDAVID ANGOTTI,Steve Jobs, one of the most innovative and inspiring busines

44、smen of our time, passed away last evening.,Although he only lived to the age of 56, Steve Jobs co-founded Apple, pioneered the personal computer industry, and changed the way people view technology by creating products at the “intersection of art and technology.” His incredible leadership and innov

45、ative products at Apple caused the company to become a household name with a market value of $350 billion.,Although Apple did not specify the cause of death, Mr. Jobs had battled pancreatic cancer and undergone a liver transplant in 2009. Over the past several years, Steve has had to take several me

46、dical leaves related to his health. In August, Mr. Jobs stepped down from his role as CEO and appointed Tim Cook as Apples new chief executive.,TheApple websitehas a famous picture of Mr. Jobs and the following statement: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an ama

47、zing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.”,At a commencement speech in 2005, Mr. Jobs s

48、aid the following concerning death: “Remembering that Ill be dead soon is the most important tool Ive ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure these things just fall away in the face

49、 of death, leaving only what is truly important.”,Apple: Steve Jobs made the world immeasurably better Co-founder of iconic iconic company dies at 56 By JORDAN ROBERTSON AP Technology Writer CUPERTINO - Steve Jobs, the Apple founder and former CEO who invented and masterfully marketed ever-sleeker g

50、adgets that transformed everyday technology, from the personal computer to the iPod and iPhone, died Wednesday. He was 56.,Apple announced his death without giving a specific cause. He died peacefully, according to a statement from family members who said they were present. Steves brilliance, passio

51、n and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives, Apples board said in a statement. The world is immeasurably better because of Steve,Jobs had battled cancer in 2004 and underwent a liver transplant in 2009 after taking a leave of absence for unspecified

52、 health problems.,He took another leave of absence in January - his third since his health problems began - before resigning as CEO six weeks ago. Jobs became Apples chairman and handed the CEO job over to his hand-picked successor, Tim Cook. Outside Apples Cupertino headquarters, three flags - an A

53、merican flag, a California state flag and an Apple flag - were flying at half-mast late Wednesday.,Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Cook wrote in an email to Apples employees. Steve leaves behind a company that on

54、ly he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.,A Biblical Seven Years By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN After attending the spectacular closing ceremony at the Beijing Olympics and feeling the vibrations from hundreds of Chinese drummers pulsating in my own chest, I was tempted

55、to conclude two things: “Holy mackerel, the energy coming out of this country is unrivaled.” And, two: “We are so cooked. Start teaching your kids Mandarin.” However, Ive learned over the years not to over-interpret any two-week event. Olympics dont change history. They are mere snapshots a country

56、posing in its Sunday bests for all the world too see. But, as snapshots go, the one China presented through the Olympics was enormously powerful and its one that Americans need to reflect upon this election season.,China did not build the magnificent $43 billion infrastructure for these games, or pu

57、t on the unparalleled opening and closing ceremonies, simply by the dumb luck of discovering oil. No, it was the culmination of seven years of national investment, planning, concentrated state power, national mobilization and hard work. Seven years . Seven years . Oh, thats right. China was awarded

58、these Olympic Games on July 13, 2001 just two months before 9/11.,As I sat in my seat at the Birds Nest, watching thousands of Chinese dancers, drummers, singers and acrobats on stilts perform their magic at the closing ceremony, I couldnt help but reflect on how China and America have spent the las

59、t seven years: China has been preparing for the Olympics; weve been preparing for Al Qaeda. Theyve been building better stadiums, subways, airports, roads and parks. And weve been building better metal detectors, armored Humvees and pilotless drones.,The difference is starting to show. Just compare arriving at La Guardias dumpy terminal in New York City and driving through the crumbling infrastructure into Manhattan with arriving at Shanghais sleek airport and taking the 220-mile-per-hour magnetic levitation train, which uses electromagnetic propuls