Improving Happiness Evidence Based Intervent.ppt

1、Prof Yoram Barak,1,Improving Happiness:Evidence Based Interventions,Prof Yoram Barak, MD, MHA. Tel-Aviv University, Israel,Prof Yoram Barak,2,Prof Yoram Barak,3,What Shall We Talk About ?,Positive Psychology Increasing Happiness,Prof Yoram Barak,4,Prof Yoram Barak,5,What Shall We NOT Talk About ?,Ch

2、emical Interventions Positive Psychology Increasing Happiness,Prof Yoram Barak,6,Chemical Interventions:we are NOT talking about,Dopamine = Reward Serotonin = Irritability Cannabinoids = Pleasure Others,Prof Yoram Barak,7,Prescribing Happiness,Prescribing Happiness: Positive Psychology and Family Me

3、dicine Paul J. Hershberger, PhD Family Medicine 2005; 37 (9): 630-4,Prof Y Barak,What is Happiness good for ?,The “Nuns” studies The top quartile in happiness lived 6.9 years longer Happy persons cognitive flexibility, creativity better doctors?.,9,Prof Y Barak,10,Prof Y Barak,11,Prof Y Barak,12,Pro

4、f Y Barak,13,Prof Yoram Barak,14,The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect:Does Happiness Lead to Success?,Sonja Lyubomirsky University of California, Riverside Laura King University of MissouriColumbia Ed Diener University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign and The Gallup Organization Psychological Bull

5、etin (Copyright 2005 by the Am Psychological Assoc) 2005, Vol. 131, No. 6, 803855,Prof Yoram Barak,15,The happinesssuccess link,Numerous studies show that happy individuals are successful across multiple life domains, including marriage, friendship, income, work performance, and health. The happines

6、ssuccess link exists not only because success makes people happy, but also because positive affect engenders success. The results reveal that happiness is associated with and precedes numerous successful outcomes, as well as behaviors paralleling success. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that posi

7、tive affectthe hallmark of well-beingmay be the cause of many of the desirable characteristics, resources, and successes correlated with happiness.,Prof Yoram Barak,16,Happiness-Success:sample size,The final body of literature was composed of 225 papers, of which 11 are unpublished or dissertations.

8、 From these 225 papers, we examined 293 samples, comprising over 275,000 participants, and computed 313 independent effect sizes.,Prof Yoram Barak,17,Health,Prof Yoram Barak,18,Physical Well Being,Prof Yoram Barak,19,What Shall We Talk About ?,Positive Psychology Increasing Happiness,Prof Yoram Bara

9、k,20,Positive Psychology Progress:Empirical Validation of Interventions,Martin E. P. Seligman and Tracy A. Steen University of Pennsylvania Nansook Park University of Rhode Island Christopher Peterson University of Michigan JulyAugust 2005 American Psychologist,Prof Yoram Barak,21,PoP the Challenge,

10、Positive psychologists do not claim to have invented the good life or to have ushered in its scientific study, but the value of the overarching term positive psychology lies in its uniting of what had been scattered and disparate lines of theory and research about what makes life most worth living (

11、Peterson engagement (the engaged life); meaning (the meaningful life). Our recent research suggests that people reliably differ according to the type of life that they pursue and, further, that the most satisfied people are those who orient their pursuits toward all three, with the greatest weight c

12、arried by engagement and meaning (Peterson, Park, ”a-la-Seligman”,Specific interventions make people lastingly happier. This creates implicationssmall and largefor the future of positive interventions and for clinical interventions. Operationalized happiness interventions compared to a placebo contr

13、ol in a sizable random-assignment experiment demonstrated that writing about three good things that happened each day and why they happened made people happier (and less depressed) up to six months later. One other interventionthe gratitude visitproduced large positive changes but only for one month

14、. Six months is far from “happily ever after,” but these results suggest that lasting increased happiness might be possible even outside fairy tales. Effect sizes were “moderate” or larger, which is at odds with the widespread belief that the pursuit of happiness is futile because of inevitable adap

15、tation or an immutable hedonic set point.,Prof Yoram Barak,29,Two other ways of increasing happiness,Kindness Spending Money,Prof Yoram Barak,30,HAPPY PEOPLE BECOME HAPPIER THROUGH KINDNESS: A COUNTING KINDNESSES INTERVENTION.Otake K, et al.J Happiness Studies 2006,Whereas gratitude results when peo

16、ple receive kindness from other people, kindness entails enacting kind behavior toward other people. We expected that in addition to the strength of gratitude, the strength of kindness would also play an important role in increasing subjective happiness. It has been reported that women respond more

17、positively when observing a random act of kindness than do men, suggesting that women may be more attuned to kindnesses (Baskerville et al., 2000).,Prof Yoram Barak,31,HAPPY PEOPLE BECOME HAPPIER THROUGH KINDNESS: A COUNTING KINDNESSES INTERVENTION.Otake K, et al.J Happiness Studies 2006,The countin

18、g kindnesses intervention asked participants to become more aware of their own kind behavior toward other people every day for one week. Participants were asked to keep track of each and every act of kindness they performed and to report the daily number of these acts.,Prof Yoram Barak,32,HAPPY PEOP

19、LE BECOME HAPPIER THROUGH KINDNESS: A COUNTING KINDNESSES INTERVENTION.Otake K, et al.J Happiness Studies 2006,Prof Yoram Barak,33,HAPPY PEOPLE BECOME HAPPIER THROUGH KINDNESS: A COUNTING KINDNESSES INTERVENTION.Otake K, et al.J Happiness Studies 2006,The most important finding reported here is the

20、close association between kindness and happiness is everyday life. Kind people experience more happiness and have happier memories. Simply by counting acts of kindness for one week, people appear to have become happier and more grateful. Thus, our results suggest that happy people are more kind in t

21、he first place and that they can become even happier, kinder and more grateful following a simple intervention.,Prof Yoram Barak,34,Spending Money on Others Promotes Happiness.Elizabeth W. Dunn, et alScience,2008.,Although much research has examined the effect of income on happiness, we suggest that

22、 how people spend their money may be at least as important as how much money they earn. Specifically, we hypothesized that spending money on other people may have a more positive impact on happiness than spending money on oneself.,Prof Yoram Barak,35,Spending Money on Others Promotes Happiness.Elizabeth W. Dunn, et alScience,2008.,Providing converging evidence for this hyp