名词性从句zhy.ppt

1、名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句 （所有从句都为陈述句语序。） 主语从句 可由that 和wh+疑问词 如 whether, what, who, where, when, why，how, whatever等引导 1) That he suddenly fell ill made us surprised. 2) What we need is more time. cf.What we need are more books. 3) Who will go is unknown. 4) Whoever wins the prize will be sent abroa

2、d. 5) When we shall start remains to be discussed. 6) Whether he will come is still unknown.,用it做形式主语的常用句型 * It is + adj. + that (important, necessary, essential, strange, surprising,) It is obvious that he has misunderstood me. *It is + n + that (a pity / a shame/ no wonder) It is a pity that you m

3、issed a fine lecture. * It is said / believed / reported / known / suggested that It is believed that the Indians were the first settlers in the Americas. * It seems / happens / appears / proves that It happened that the type of air-conditioner had been sold out. 这种空调恰好售完。,4, 9, 14, 20, 21, 22, 25,

4、38, 47, 57,2. 表语从句 The reason why she was late was that she missed the early bus. That is what he has done. The question is whether we should lend him the money.,23, 28, 39, 44, 46, 53, 54, 58,3.宾语从句 (that 和 其他疑问词不同时使用。) 1) I hear (that) they have gone to Shanghai. 2) He asked what I was doing. 3) I

5、 doubt whether he will be against the idea. Cf. I dont doubt that he will be against the idea. * V + 形式宾语 it + adj. / 固定搭配 + that think, consider, find, make take for granted, see to 1) We think it important that every citizen should have good manners. 2) He took it for granted that the expense woul

6、d be low.,Note: what or which I want to know _ book you like to read. I want to know _ book you like to read best of the three.,what,which,what 没有范围 which 是在有范围之内的一种选择,Note： (1) 在介词宾语后的从句不能用which 和if 引导，要分别由 what 和whether来引导。 Are you sorry for _ (which/what) you ve done? Everything depends on _ (if/

7、whether) we have enough experience.,that做介词宾语只能用于except that 和 in that 结构。 I know nothing about the man except that he is an Italian. Criticism is necessary in that it helps to correct our mistakes.,what,whether,宾语从句的语序 连接词后面必须为陈述语序 I dont know what your name is. I dont know whats your name.,He aske

8、d how many English-speaking countries are there in the world. He asked how many English-speaking countries there are in the world.,I dont know whats the matter with you.,凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support.,We think it important that we should master at least one fore

9、ign language.,我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。,Practice:,使用宾语从句要注意的问题,1 宾语从句引导词that的省略： 1) that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去 Do you think my clothes fit well? 你认为我的衣服合适吗？ 2) 如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 He said (that) French was the most beautiful tongue in the world, and that we must keep it among us and never forget it

10、. 他说，法语是世界上最美的语言，我们必须坚持说法语，永远也不要忘记它。,2 宾语从句否定意义的转移： 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。 I dont think he has time to play chess with you. I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet.,Practice: 我认为他不会说英语.,I dont think he can speak English.,3. if和whether i

11、f和whether均可引导宾语从句，宾语从句是肯定句时，whether,if可互换; 但whether可以与or not连用，而if 则不与not连用； 作介词宾语要用whether不能用if I wonder _ it is true. I wonder _ it is true or not. Everything depends on _ we have enough experience. 一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。,whether/if,whether,whether,4一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气 一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，comm

12、and)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”（其中的should常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略）： She suggested that we _ (leave) early He ordered that the medicine _ (send) by a special plane,(should) leave,(should) be sent,5. wish 后要用虚拟语气 wish that sb had done; wish that sb did; wish tha

13、t sb would/could/might I wish I had been able to attend yesterdays meeting. (过去) (可惜未能) She is very brave; I wish I had her courage. (当前) I wish they would be successful in this ball game. (将来),1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 17, 26, 31, 33, 48, 52, 56,4. 同位语从句 可由 that, when, where, whether, why等引导 同位语从句前的名词常见的有：ide

14、a, thought, fact, belief, doubt, feeling, information, hope, theory, news, order, question,word等 The fact that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all. The question where we can find the boy is very important. I have no idea when we will go. The question whether the film is worth seeing remains to be discussed. (不能用if),* 同位语从句和定语从句的区别: The fact that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all. The fact that you are talki