知识管理和管理咨询.ppt

1、Knowledge Management and the Consulting Industry,The Consultant,Once upon a time there was a shepherd tending his sheep at the edge of a country road. A brand new Mustang screeches to a halt next to him. The driver, a young man dressed in an Armani suit, Cerrutti shoes, Oakley glasses, TAG wrist wat

2、ch and a Bhs tie gets out and asks the shepherd, If I guess how many sheep you have, will you give me one of them? The shepherd looks at the young man, then looks at the sprawling field of sheep and says, Okay. The young man parks the car, connects his notebook and wireless modem, enters a NASA site

3、, scans the ground using his GPS, opens a database and 60 Excel tables filled with algorithms, then prints a 150 page report on his high tech mini printer. He then turns to the shepherd and says, You have exactly 1,586 sheep here. The shepherd answers: Thats correct, you can have your sheep. The you

4、ng man takes one of the animals and puts it in the back of his vehicle. The shepherd looks at him and asks: Now, if I guess your profession, will you pay me back in kind? The young man answers: Sure. The shepherd says, You are a consultant. Exactly! How did you know? asks the young man. Very simple,

5、 answers the shepherd. First, you came here without being called. Second, you charged me a fee to tell me something I already knew. Third, you do not understand anything about my business . and Id really like to have my dog back.,What is consulting?,The Collins English Dictionary reveals that to con

6、sult is to make oneself available to give professional advice, especially at scheduled times and for a fee. The term consult originates in the medical profession. There a consultant is a physician who is asked to confirm a diagnosis; or it is a physician (or surgeon) who holds the highest appointmen

7、t in a particular branch of medicine or surgery in a hospital. The consultant is therefore someone mostly a specialist who is asked to give expert advice or information.,The management consultant,The management consultant is a special breed of consultant. Personification of the knowledge economy; An

8、ti-thesis to Fords assembly-line worker. Symbolises the future of work: not dirty, not heavy-duty, not manual, not monotonous, not de-skilled, not de-humanized, not badly paid; but flexible, creative, international, demanding, cross-cultural, well-paid, technologically advanced, fun. The idol of tod

9、ays working world; it is one of the main drivers of the business of business education Accenture, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), Cap Gemini Ernst Please see next slide for Discipline and A a joint conference call should be organised for KCapture from small projects The KCapture report is updated by t

10、he PKC and sent to GMT KS All identified Best in Class documents are abstracted (in English) by the project members and submitted to the GMT KS who is forwarding relevant documents to other Knowledge Specialists (according to KCapture report) All KS review the submitted documents and update their Kn

11、owledge Domains accordingly The Knowledge Capture report is finalized by all involved KS (under leadership of GMT KS) and forwarded to the PKC as well as copied to the PM and all relevant Knowledge Champions,Principles,At Project Start,Before Project End,Filtering relevant documents ensures higher q

12、uality content in the Knowledge Base,Relevant project documents are collected throughout the project,All project members (under consultation with appropriate KS and/or KC) determine whether document should be submitted or identify any next steps,No,No,Include document in Best in Class document pack

13、and submit to GMT KS,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,All project members (under the leadership of PKC) review all relevant documents,No,Yes,How do we value the importance of the doc for the CA, CoE, GMT, PoA or Disc.?,Is document an addition or build to an existing document or technology?,Is document a new applicati

14、on of an existing tool or technology?,Innovative,Key,Basic,Project Members must select the Best in Class project documents and abstract them. One day on-site knowledge capture session together with Knowledge Specialists is suggested for large projects.,This is the detailed workplan for Knowledge Cap

15、turing,0.Setup0.1Technical infrastructure- Get organized quickly! Chose the easiest way to transfer files to your machine. Use disks if necessary. 1.Data Mining1.1Data Transfer- copy all files into directory A, copy them one-by-one to directory B and rename according to standards1.2Keep Track of fil

16、es- use Excel-sheet to identify and categorize every file. Be very exact with this XLS-sheet! 2.Structuring2.1Project plan- have the project lead or workstream leads make a draft or use a presentation on this issue, define topics- get them to identify important files and assign them to topics, mark

17、files without topic for later use 2.2HMTL-structure- use templates as much as you can, keep to standards, involve leads with design 3.Prototyping3.1Graphics- convert ppt-files to jpgs, map them, define topic HTML-file names - create the topic-HTML files 3.2HTML-templates- add client logos, change co

18、lors, but stick with the standards! 4.Encoding 4.1HTML-files - check XLS-sheet for gaps, have leads fill them in or set marks - use mail-merge feature from Word, view file and save each file with correct filename (tedious, but critical) 5.Refining 5.1Abstracts and Keywords- have authors write up som

19、e keywords where necessary, add purpose information when apropriate 5.2Test, test, test the structure, links and assets 6.Production as InterCon uses the term typically a detailed response to a clients Request for Proposal on a given project) What we finds (common issues in a given industry or funct

20、ion within an industry) 04 Training Modules: Training-focused documents to guide InterCon and client team members in applying methodology or in understanding an industry including: Competency overview/training objectives Detailed methodology approach; details implementation steps Critical success fa

21、ctors Issues/challenges, lessons learned Tools/diagnostics required,05 Key Tools it becomes a valuable corporate asset only if it is accessible, and its value increases with the level of accessibility” (ibid.: 18) Expert systems, artificial intelligence, desktop videoconferencing, hypertext systems

22、such as intranets and knowledge maps. The purpose of harnessing knowledge is, of course, clear: to turn knowledge into a valuable corporate asset, which will help to increase the competitive advantage of companies.,Knowledge and Intellectual Capital,“The formation of the discourse on intellectual ca

23、pital is predicated upon the assumption that the traditional double-entry bookkeeping system is not able to reflect emerging realities. It is an inadequate tool for measuring the value of corporations whose value, it is claimed, lies mainly in their intangible components.” (Yakhlef and Salzer-Mrling

24、, 2000: 20) Today, it is argued that company assets not only include material artefacts, properties and financial assets, but also employees and organisational knowledges, which explicitly reside in peoples heads and are tacitly embodied. Some knowledge management writers have therefore called for t

25、he development of new systems, that would enable a more adequate valuation of companies assets, and provide tools for exploiting existing tacit and explicit knowledge bases more effectively (see, for example, Brooking, 1996; Edvinsson and Malone, 1998; Lynn, 1998; Nahaphiet and Ghoshal, 1998; Roos e

26、t al., 1998; Stewart, 1998; Zeleny, 1989).,Tacit Knowledge,Know something in theory and practical common sense (Spender, 1996). In many world languages this distinction can be made more explicit, e.g. wissen and kennen, savoir and connatre. know-what and know-how. knowing about something and knowing

27、 through direct experience (King, 1964) or knowledge about and knowledge of acquaintance (James, 1950). While experience is directly related to know-how, know-what is the result of “systematic thought that eliminates the subjective and contextual contingencies of experience” (Spender, 1996: 49). Bla

28、ckler (1995): embrained, embodied, encultured, embedded and encoded. Spender (1996): conscious (explicit individual knowledge), objectified (explicit organisational knowledge), automatic (preconscious individual knowledge) and collective (practical, context-dependent organisational knowledge). “The

29、quintessential knowledge-creation process takes place when tacit knowledge is converted into explicit knowledge. In other words, our hunches, perceptions, mental models, beliefs, and experiences are converted to something that can be communicated and transmitted in formal and systematic language.” (

30、Nonaka and Takeuchi: 1995: 230-231, italics added),The Knowledge Commodity,“The commodity reflects the social characteristics of mens own labour as objective characteristics of the products of labour themselvesIt is nothing but the definite social relation between men themselves which assumes here,

31、for them, the fantastic form of a relation between things.” (Marx, 1976: 164-165),Commodity Fetishism,“The mysterious character of the commodity-form consists therefore simply in the fact that the commodity reflects the social characteristics of mens own labour as objective characteristics of the pr

32、oducts of labour themselves, as the socio-natural properties of these things. Hence it also reflects the social relation of the producers to the sum total of labour as a social relation between objects, a relation which exists apart from and outside the producers. Through this substitution, the prod

33、ucts of labour become commodities, sensuous things which are at the same time supra-sensible or social. In the same way, the impression made by a thing on the optic nerve is perceived not as a subjective excitation of that nerve but as the objective form of a thing outside the eye. In the act of see

34、ing, of course, light is really transmitted from one thing, the external object, to another thing, the eye. It is a physical relation between physical things. As against this, the commodity-form, and the value-relation of the products of labour within which it appears, have absolutely no connection

35、with the physical nature of the commodity and the material dinglich relations arising out of this. It is nothing but the definite social relation between men themselves which assumes here, for them, the fantastic form of a relation between things. In order, therefore, to find an analogy we must take flight into the misty realm of rel