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1、Unit 4 Writing WorkshopObjectives Identify featuresof persuasive writing Plan and organize ideas by using a graphic organizer to prewrite Draft and revise a persuasive essay; employ appropriate format Proofread, publish, and present a persuasive essayMaterials Unit Writing Transparencies 1924Feature

2、s of Persuasive Writing It states the writers opinion, his or her point of view. It tries to persuade the audience to think a certain way or take a certain action. It supports the opinion with convincing arguments. It organizes reasons in logical order, includes helpful transition words, and conclud

3、es strongly. It includes opinion words, such as should.&-BuildPersuasive Language Ask students to think of a cause or issue that they are passionate about and discuss why they are passionate about it. Then have them turn to a partner and try to persuade him or her to feel the same way.After a few mo

4、ments, list with students language that they used to persuade and convince people: You should, you could, its important to, its not right that.539AUnit 4Persuasive EssayRead Like a WriterRead the following excerpt from the “I Have a Dream” speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Explain to students th

5、at this excerpt is an example of persuasive writinga form in which the writer tries to convince an audience to adopt a position or take action. Ask students to listen for Dr. Kings opinion, his point of view; what Dr. King wants the audience to think or do; the reasons Dr. King uses to support his o

6、pinion; the logical order of the reasons; the opinion words Dr. King uses.I Have a DreamFive score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.And as we walk, we must make the pled

7、ge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signsstating “for whites only.” We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York belie

8、ves he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.DiscusstheFeaturesAfter reading, discuss the following questions with students. What does Dr. King want the audience to do? (Pos

9、sible response: He wants people to continue to work for equal rights. He wants the nation to ensure equal rights for all.) How does Dr. King use language to persuade his audience? (Possible response: He uses opinion words, such as must, and he repeats words and phrases for emphasis.)LA. Ident

10、ify the functions and characteristics of types of textsPrewrite Writing Topic Think of an issue you care about deeply. Youmight narrow your focus to something at home, at school, or in your community. Write a persuasive essay that expresses your viewpoint on this one issue. Remember to consider your

11、 audience as you choose the most persuasive reasons, facts, and examples to include in your essay.Set a Purpose Remind students that the purpose for writing a persuasive essay is to convince an audience to think, feel, or behave a certain way, or to take or avoid a certain action.Know the Audience E

12、mphasize that understanding the audience is key to effective persuasive writing. The writer must know what the audience thinks is important and then choose reasons, facts, and examples that will appeal to their concerns.Choose a Topic Have students brainstorm a list of home, school, or community iss

13、ues that they care about. Ask students these questions to help them generate ideas. What is your opinion about this issue? What do you want your audience to think or do about this? What arguments will persuade your audience? What facts or examples help to make your case? Remind students to focus and

14、 plan their writing by choosing an issue for which they can give reasons, facts, and examples. Mini Lesson OrganizationDisplay Transparency 19 and explain that together you will follow Kayla S.s progress as she develops a persuasive essay. With students, point out the following details in Kayla S.s

15、web. She states her opinion about wearing bike helmets. She supports her opinion with three convincing arguments. She uses opinion words such as should.Organize Ideas After discussing Kayla S.s web, ask students to create their own webs to plan their persuasive essays. UseTransparency 19Organizing W

16、ebcould stop kidsTransparency 19 to demonstrate how to organize ideas.SS SdWSecould save lives and reduce head injuriesfrom being embarrassed about wearing a helmetThink, Pair, Share Have students explain their opinions to each other. Suggest that partners challenge each other by proposing possible

17、arguments to each others opinions. Suggest that students add any additional reasons to their webs before they begin drafting their essays. Have volunteers share with theclass how their partners helped them strengthen their arguments.Flexible Pairing Option Pair students who have chosen different iss

18、ues or who hold different opinions on the same issue.Students should wear bike helmets if they ride bikesto school.could help kids get in the habitof wearing helmets whenever they rideLA.4.3.1 Use prewriting strategies to generate ideas; LA.4.4.3 Develop persuasive writingUnit Writing Transparency 1

19、9Viewpoints 539BDraft Mini Lesson Personal ExperienceUnit 4 Writing Workshop&-Build Language Through Pair Work Ask students to point out the supporting reasons in Kayla S.s draft. Discuss how the reasons support each argument. Then ask students to look at their arguments and review their supporting

20、reasons. Put students in pairs and have them state each argument and give their reasoning. Encourage students to help each other create stronger arguments and reasons.Transparency 20Bike Helmetsby Kayla S.Do you want all students who ride bikes tobe safe? For many years Ashford School has had a bike

21、 policy. Bike riders must register their bikes, park at the bike racks, and lock their bikes. Its a good policy, but its incomplete. It would be bestif the school made students wear bike helmets when they ride their bikes to school.Bike helmets can reduce the risk of head injurys by as much as 85 pe

22、rcent. Hundreds of children die each year from bike accidents. A change to the school bike policy could save lives and prevent brain damage!The school should change its policy is to put an end to a students worries over how he or she look. If everybody has to wear one, kids will stop teasing each ot

23、her. Lots of kids are afraid thatothers will make fun of him for wearing a helmet.Changing the school policy will also get students in the habit of wearing helmets. Pretty soon strapping on a bike helmet will be just as natural as putting on a coat or tying your shoes before you ride.Changing the bi

24、ke policy improves safety, ends concerns about looking different, and builds an important safety habit. Lets require bike helmets here in Clearwater Florida.Unit Writing Transparency 20539CUnit4Display Transparency 20 and read it with students. As youdiscuss Kayla S.s draft, point out the following

25、features: When I read this draft, I notice Kayla S.s opening paragraph starts with a question and then states her opinion. Every argument Kayla S. presents is designed to persuade the audience. She gives supporting reasons that are important to themsafety, discouraging teasing, and teaching good hab

26、its. She organizes reasons in a logical order and puts the most important one firstsafety. She concludes with a strong statement. She uses opinion words, such as should.Remind students that Kayla S. will have the chance to revise and proofread her draft in later stages.Review Your Web Have students

27、review their webs. As they write, tell them to refer to their webs regularly as they organize reasons, facts, and examples that support their opinions.Write the Draft Remind students that the purpose of writing a first draft is to get their main ideas on paper. Start by clearly stating your opinion

28、in your introduction. You may wish to open with a question that you then answer. Present convincing reasons that matter in your body. Organize reasons in a sensible way, such as from most important to least. Conclude with a convincing statement, a summary of your main idea. Include opinion words.Wri

29、ters ResourcesUse the Internet Tell students that the Internet can be a valuable resource for locating statistics and other facts. Stress that the Internet has millions of Web sites, many of which may be unreliable or out-of-date. Explain that government agencies and nonprofit organizations such as

30、libraries, museums, and educational institutions usually provide soundinformation. Suggest also that students compare information from two or more credible Web sites and determine what facts are reliable.Before allowing students access to the Internet, review Internet safety rules and school policy.

31、LA. Evaluate draft for logical organization; LA.4.4.3 Demonstrate persuasive writing for influencing the reader;LA. Support arguments for validity of proposed idea with detailed evidenceRevise Mini Lesson SupportDisplay Transparency 21 and point out how Kayla S. revises a good persuasi

32、ve essay to make it excellent. She adds the phrase, “Its Time to Require” to the opening title and “Lets use our heads!” to the conclusion to clarify her opinion and to strengthen her opening and closing. (Voice) She revises a sentence in the first paragraph to include the opinion word should. (Word

33、 Choice) In the second paragraph, she adds a detail about head injuries to support her argument. (Organization) In the third paragraph, she adds the transition words another reason to help introduce a new argument, and she rearranges two sentences to clarify meaning. (Organization)Point out that Kay

34、la still needs to proofread her essay.Guide students to think about the following writing elements as they revise their persuasive essays.Focus Do you clearly state your opinion? Do you provide reasons to explain and support your opinion?Organization Does your persuasive essay start with a strong op

35、ening sentence? Do you state your opinion in the opening paragraph? Do you present your reasons in a logical order? Do transition words guide the reader through the essay?Support Do you consider your audience and write to persuade them? Is your position consistent from start to finish? Do you use st

36、rong, precise nouns to build arguments? Do you use opinion words such as should andmust?Conventions Did you check for correct verb usage?SS SdWSeThink, Pair, Share Ask students to read their revised drafts aloud to partners. Ask listeners to explain which of their partners arguments are most convinc

37、ing and why. If listeners find an argument to be weak, ask what reasons would convince them to feeldifferently. Then ask several volunteers to share with the class how their partners helped them sharpen their arguments.Flexible Pairing Option Consider pairing students of similar abilities.LA.4.3.3 R

38、evise and refine draft for effectiveness; LA. Modify word choices;LA. Support arguments for validity of proposed ideas with detailed evidence&-Read Silently Before students listen to a partners read aloud, allow time for students to read the draft silently. Provide each partner with a

39、copy of the draft so one can read along as the other reads aloud.Transparency 21Its Time to Require Bike Helmetsby Kayla S.Do you want all students who ride bikes tobe safe? For many years Ashford School has had a bike policy. Bike riders must register their bikes, park at the bike racks, and lock t

40、heir bikes. Its agood policy, but its incomplete. It would be best if the schooslhomuldaredqeuirestthuatdents wear bike helmetswhen they ride their bikes to school.Bike helmets can reduce the risk of headinjurys by as much as 85 percent. Hundreds of children die eacThhouysaenadsr mforroe emnd ubp ii

41、nketheahocscpiitdalewnitthsh.eaAd injuries. change to the school bike policy could save livesand prevent brain damage!Another reasonThe school should change its policy is to putlook.If everybody has to wear one, kids will stopteasineach other.an end to a students worries over how he or sheLots of ki

42、ds are afraid that others will make fun of him for wearing a helmet.Changing the school policy will also get students in the habit of wearing helmets. Pretty soon strapping on a bike helmet will be just as natural as putting on a coat or tying your shoes before you ride.Changing the bike policy impr

43、oves safety, ends concerns about looking different, and builds anLets use our heads!important safety habit. Lets require bike helmetshere in Clearwater Florida.Unit Writing Transparency 21Viewpoints 539DProofread/EditHave students read their persuasive essays aloud and present their visuals. Share t

44、hese strategies.SPEAKING STRATEGIES Use logical sequence to present ideas. Use gestures and vary tempo to emphasize important points. Make eye contact.LISTENING STRATEGIES Distinguish between facts and opinions; critique the opinions. Do not interrupt if you disagree; offer your opinion at the end.

45、Say something positive at the end, even if you do not agree withspeaker.Transparency 22Its Time to Require Bike Helmetsby Kayla S.Do you want all students who ride bikes tobe safe? For many years Ashford School has had a bike policy. Bike riders must register their bikes, park at the bike racks, and

46、 lock their bikes. Its agood policy, but its incomplete. It would be best if the schooslhomuldaredqeuirestthuatdents wear bike helmets when they ride their bikes to school.Bike helmets can reduce the risk of headinjuriesinjurys by as much as 85 percent. Hundreds of children die eachThoyuseanadrs mfo

47、rroe mend ubpikinetheahcoscpiidtael wnitthsh. eaAd injuries.change to the school bike policy could save lives and prevent brain damage!Another reasonThe school should change its policy is to putan end to a students worries over how he or sheothers will make fun of hitmhemfor wearing a helmet.Changin

48、g the school policy will also get students in the habit of wearing helmets. Pretty soon strapping on a bike helmet will be just as natural as putting on a coat or tying your shoes before you ride.Changing the bike policy improves safety, ends concerns about looking different, and builds anLets use o

49、ur heads!important safety habit. Lets require bike helmetshere in Clearwater , Florida. Mini Lesson ConventionsDisplay Transparency 22. Point out Kayla S.s proofreading corrections: She added an apostrophe to the contraction Its. She corrected the plural noun injuries. She changed look to looks to a

50、gree with its subject and him to them to agree with its antecedent. She added commas between a city and state.Have students read and reread their writing to correct mistakes. Suggest that they proofread for one kind of error, such as punctuation, at a time. Review proofreading marks on Teachers Reso

51、urce Book page 152. Have students apply them as they proofread. Review pronouns and antecedent agreement.SS SdWSeThink, Pair, Share Have students exchange papersand read aloud their partners edited draft to look for errors. Encourage them to watch for errors in pronouns or homophones.TEACHER CONFERE

52、NCEUse the rubric on page 539G to evaluate student writing and help you formulate questions to foster self assessment. Ask: How did you clearly state your opinion on the issue? Are your reasons supported by strong facts and examples? Will the audience be persuaded by your arguments?PublishAsk studen

53、ts to write or type final copies of their persuasiveessays. Remind them to correctly form letters and use appropriate spacing between words, sentences, and paragraphs. Ask them to use standard margins. Encourage students to submit their essays to the school newspaper or other appropriate venue. Sugg

54、est that students publish one of their other weekly writing assignments.looks.If everybody has to wear one, kids will stopteasineachother.LotsofkidsareafraidthatPRESENTATIONInvite students to give speeches based on their persuasive essays. Suggest that they pass out fliers and show charts or graphs

55、to support their arguments.Authors Chair Allow students who have done their best work to present their persuasive essays from the Authors Chair.Unit 4 Writing Workshop539EUnit4Unit Writing Transparency 22LA. Edit for correct use of apostrophes; LA. Edit for correct use of subjective an

56、d objective pronouns;LA.4.3.5 Write a final product for intended audience; LA. Write persuasive textTest StrategyRaising ScoresREAD AND SCOREDisplay Transparency 23 and tell students to follow along as you or a volunteer reads the persuasive essay aloud. Then have students use the student rubric on page 154 of the Teachers Resource Book to assess the writing sample. Guide students to understand that this persuasive essay is only a fair writing sample, which would score only a 3, and that they will work together in groups to improve it.RAISE THE SCOREPoint out the following shortfa