科技英语入门复习题

1、.他不2015/2016 学年 第 2 学期课程代码：课程名称 :科技英语入门试卷 : A 、 B考试形式：开卷、闭卷考试时间 : 100分钟学号姓名任 教 专业全校公 得分Unit 1Unit 2I. Vocabulary: Choose the closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence (15%).a 1. The largest ever scientific Earth analysis reveals that many of the planets ecosystems are simply not mak

2、ing the grade.A. doing well enoughB. ProgressingC. functioningD. moving in the right directiond 2. Only by valuing all our precious natural and human resources, can we hope to build a sustainable future.A. prosperousB. diverseC. livableD. lastingb 3. Deforestation and other radical ecosystem alterat

3、ions also promote diseases, such as malaria and cholera, as well as new strains of existing contagions.A. speciesB. transmittable diseasesC. destructionsD. degradationb4. They examined the planet s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together. A. regions B. dwelling places C. sh

4、elters D. refugesd 5. The roofing material withstands inclement weather and, on bright days, taps sunshine for electricity.A. wiresB. knocksC. patsD. employsa6. Engineers have also developed a roofing material coated with the electricity-producing film.A. covered with a layer of materialB. covered w

5、ith overcoatC. covered with sugarD. covered with plantsc7. Technological improvements have made solar-electric modules more cost-effective.A. units of measurementB. units of educationC. componentsD. units of space craftsb8. The guy who puts on the roof (on a house now) puts on the solar panels at th

6、e same time.A. juriesB. instrument boardsC. discussion groupsD. painting boardsII. Matching1. 性有机化合物aA. volatile organic substance (VOC)2.紫外 指数 bB. UV Index3.臭氧消耗物 cC. ozone-depleting substance (ODC)4.空气 量指数 dD. AQI5.混合太阳能照明fE. photovoltaic cell6.人造光 gF. hybrid solar lighting7. 外 hG. artificial ligh

7、t.8. 光电池 eH. infrared lightIII. Translation1. 如何在利用地球生态系统提高人类生活水平的同时，缓解该系统所承受的压力，完全取决于人类社会。It lies within the power of human societies to ease the strain we are putting on the nature services of the planet, while continuing to use them to bring better living standards to all.2. 一般来说，再生能源比传统生产的能源要贵些，

8、然而替代能源有助于减少污染，保护矿物燃料。 While renewable energy is generally more expensive than conventionally produced supplies, alternative power helps to reduce pollution and to conserve fossil fuels.3. 科学家认为，水文系统的改变可能导致破坏性洪灾的发生更加频繁、更加严重。According to the scientists, changes to water systems may increase the freque

9、ncy and severity of destructive flood.4. 地球上的石油和天然气供应能维持多久，科学家和企业界人士对此各持己见。Scientists and industry experts may disagree over how long the worlds supply of oil and natural gas will last.Unit 3/4I. multiple choicea 1. Temperature influences the formation of seeds and the production of blossoms.A. deve

10、lopmentB. shapeC. arrangementD. qualitya 2. The humidity of atmosphere, the amount of precipitation, and the presence of streams, lakes, and soil moisture are important to plants.A. rainB. lightC. soilD. airb 3. To secure a maximum amount of sunlight, the leaves on the vertical shoots are arranged i

11、n spirals.A. in a common placeB. in curvesC. in linearD. in horizontald 4. Though the buds on horizontal shoot of these trees may be arranged spirally, the leaves commonly arrange themselves alternately in a common plane on either side of the shoot.A. alternativelyB. selectivelyC. verticallyD. inter

12、changeablya 5. With all the flat roofs in Chicago, you could reclaim thousands of acres for the environment and also help buildings with heating and cooling and controlling rainwater going into the sewer system.A. gainB. recycleC. possessD. claimc 6. The rooftop green space also helps mitigate a phe

13、nomenon known as the urban heat island effect.A. eliminateB. conquerC. alleviateD. provokersa 7. City Hall sports a green roof that was the city s first.A. boastsB. experimentsC. substitutesD. hailsa 8. More intensive green-roof systems may contain varieties of plants and garden elements such as tre

14、es but only on flat roofs.A. sophisticatedB. crudeC. primaryD. originalII. Matching1. 落叶树dA. penetrability2. 防风林带cB. annual vine.3.一年生藤本植物bC. living windbreak4.透气度 aD. deciduous trees5.人热带雨林gE. macrophyte6.合成孔径雷达hF. herbaceous7.草本的fG. rain forest8.大型植物eH. synthetic aperture radar(SAR)II. Matching1.

15、WithIII. Translation1. 当温度低于零摄氏度或高于43 摄氏度时，大多数植物都会受到伤害甚至死亡。If it falls below 1 elsius or rises above 43 elsius,serious injury or death results for most vegetation.2. 人们认为它们在吸收了光之后，就能把光转化成叶绿素，在进行光合作用。It is suspected that after they absorb light,they transmit the energy from this light to chlorophyll,

16、 for photosynthesis.3. 虽然绿色屋顶的成本较传统屋顶的成本高出 1.5 至 2 倍， 但支持者认为，即使不考虑节能因素，从长远看，屋顶绿化仍很划算。While the costs of green roofs are one-and-a-half to twice that of conventional roofs, advocates say green roofs make long-term economic sense, even without factoring in energy savings.4. 植物蒸腾作用消耗一部分降水，将它返回大气中，部分水分保

17、存在土壤或其他植物生长媒介中，其余部分则徐徐进入城市排水系统， 减少大量降雨突至时城市水系承受的压力，而扩展城市水系则需要很高的费用。Some of that water is lost when the vegetation transpires, or exhales the water back into the atmosphere. Some water is retained in the soil or other growing medium. The rest enters the urban rainwater drainage system in a slow, cont

18、rolled flow, a process that helps dampen high-volume rainwater surges in urban water systems, which are expensive to expand.Unit 5I. Choose one word or phrase which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence.a1. On one estimate, people in the United State already interact with abo

19、ut 150 embedded systems every day, whether they know it or not.A. integratedB. implantedC. includedD. embroideredd 2. The embedded systems will also become amazingly ubiquitous.A. uniqueB. unquestionableC. powerfulD. omnipresenta 3. Many of the core technologies of computing are all continuing to ad

20、vance at a pace that matches or even exceeds Moore s Law.A.surpassB. outgrowsC. contradictsD. confirmsc 4. We are still a long way from a world full of disembodied intelligent machines.A. spiritualB. etherealC. intangibleD. concreted 5. All this will lead to a fundamental change in the way we percei

21、ve computers.A. learnB. knowC. identifyD. see.II. Match the Chinese terms with their English equivalents.1.瘫痪 gA. ENT2.探测器fB. decompiler3.紫外线dC. kit4.反编译器bD. UV5.核糖核酸hE. infrastructure6.工具包cF. sniffer7.耳鼻喉科aG. standstill8.基础设施eH. RNAIII. Translation1. 这种情景与几年前形成鲜明对比， 那时计算机大多是摆在书房或者客厅一角的被动的电器。2. 现在我们

22、离充满无形的智能化机器的世界还很遥远， 但是十年之后计算机的使用将变得如此自然，我们可能会越来越难以注意到它。Key to exercisesI. 1. A2. D3. A4. C5. DII. 1. G2. F3. D4. B5. H6. C 7. A 8. EIII.1. The scenario is in sharp contrast to the computers of just a few years ago, which were still mostly passive appliances that sat in the corner of the den or livin

23、g room.2. We are still a long way from a world full of disembodied intelligent machines, but the computing experience of the coming decade will be so seamless and intuitive that-increasingly-we will barely notice it .Unit 6I. V ocabulary: Choose the word or phrase which is closest in meaning to the

24、underlined part in each sentence.a1. Reporters circled it, their microphones and cameras trained on the machine as it tried to startup.A. targetedB. instructedC. pulledD. picturedc2. Modern versions of the machines, called passive-dynamic walkers, have been built for decades and have long been thoug

25、ht useful models of human locomotion.A. assistanceB. developmentC. movementD. advancementc3. If you make the mechanical structures right, for example, adjusting the mass and length of the upper and lower legs to mimic the natural dynamics of walking, the legs do the right thing from physics.A. mockB

26、. studyC. imitateD. minimizea4. It was important, Mr. Collins said, to bear in mind the way people move naturally. He saidleg is analogous to a pendulum” , which can either be let go to swing or driven exactly in a movement.A. similarB. comparingC. correspondingD.analytical. .Matchingd1.致命性A.patrolb

27、2.地形B.terraina3.巡逻C.casualtyc4.伤亡D.lethalityf5.反馈E.inertiae6.惯性F.feedbackIII.Translation1、 如果人们能正确处理好机械结构，比如调整腿的上、 下两部分的重量和长度来模仿自然行走的力学原理，那么机器人的腿就会按照物理学的规律正确运动。If you make the mechanical structures right, for example, adjusting the mass and length of the upper and lower legs to mimic the natural dyn

28、amics of walking, the legs do the right thing from physics.2、康奈尔大学制造的机器人在前进时用的能量非常少，主要是因为其被动力学设计强调重力和惯性的自然相互作用，而将控制和驱动力降至最低限度。Cornells robot uses very little energy to walk forward, mainly because its passive-dynamic design emphasizes the natural interaction of gravity and inertia and minimizes the

29、role of control and actuation.Unit 7I.1. Strict labelling laws and regulations (DNA bar codes ) are in place for food in Europe to monitor the spread of GM crops. （D ）A.accessing B. supervisoryC.regulatoryD. certifying2. Other plants have been engineered to improve flavor, increase shelf life, incre

30、ase hardness and to be allergen-free.（ D ）A.efficiencyB. deteriorationC. reservationD. storage period3. One types of TPS, dubbed the Terminator system by its critics, is a genetic trick that means GM crops fail to produce fertile seeds. （ D）A.dormantB. deadC. grownD. productive4. It culminated in an

31、 unofficial moratorium on the growth and import of GM crops in Europe and ledto trade dispute with the US. （ C）A.banB.preventionC.temporary stopping D.restriction2.连线题生态学ecology转基因 DNAreplicate品种genetic diversity基因多样性variety复制transgenic DNA.5.翻译1.通过选择性培育，人们对农作物植物的系统性改良已经有几千年的历史了，但基因工程使这些费时的进程得以加速，引入

32、了不相关物种的外源遗传特征。The human race has methodically improve crop plants through selective breeding for many thousands of years,but genetic engineering allows that time-consuming process to be accelerated and exotic traits from unrelated species to be introduced.2.更恐怖的威胁是改良的作物可能成为阴险的超级杂草，或者他们可能会偶然地培育了野生植物或

33、作物，从遗传上污染环境。More plausible threats are that modified crops could become insidious superweeds , or that they could accidentally breed with wild plants or other crops-genetically polluting the environment.3.为证实这种说法所进行的田间试验的结果却是混杂的- 有些暗示遗传改良作物实际可促进生物多样性。Field trials to test for this have produced mixed

34、 results-some suggesting that GM crops actually boost biodiversity.4.转基因技术的支持者在钻研了这篇论文后不久证明了这对搭档研究的成果是他们所运用的一种人工分子技术。Supporters of GM technology pored over the paper, and soon argued that the pairs results were an artefact of the molecular techniques they had used.5.未经批准的转基因棉花品种已在印度广泛种植，并试图妨碍官方认可的作物

35、所产生的环境和经济影响。Unapproved Gm cotton varieties have reportedly been widely planted in India, hampering attempts to monitor the environmental and economic impact of the officially sanctioned crops.Unit 8I. Multiple choice1.(C)She didn tmind; this happened all the time in her chronically sick childhood.A .acut