被动语态,主谓一致.ppt

1、语法,GRAMMAR,Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists . Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. The Parthen

2、on was built during this period.,(1)PASSIVE VOICE,GRAMMAR,(1)PASSIVE VOICE,About a million tourists visit Florence every year. Ten million people visited London last year. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. Picasso didnt paint the Mona Lisa. Thousands of workers built the Great Wall of China.,

3、Make the following sentences passive.,GRAMMAR,(1)PASSIVE VOICE,Florence is visited by a million tourists every year.,London was visited by ten million people last year.,The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci .,The Mona Lisa was not painted by Picasso.,The Great Wall was built by thousands of

4、 workers.,Passive Voice,Moudle one,语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态(Passive Voice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be + v-ed形式。,动词的被动语态,由于语态是动词的一种形式，它只表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系，它没有表示动作发生的时间和方式，因此，被动语态形式的句子，仍然有各种时态变化。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。,1被动语态的构成,be + v-ed,1）一般现在

5、时 am/is/are + v-ed Youre wanted on the telephone. 有人给你打电话。 2）一般过去时 was/were + v-ed The book was finished last week. 这书是上周写完的。 3）一般将来时 will be + v-ed Youll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天让你出去。,4）现在进行时和过去进行时 The building is being built. 这幢楼正在建设之中。 The bikes were being repaired. 那时正在修自行车。 5）现在完成时和过去完

6、成时 This book has been translated into English. 这本书已被译成英语。 The car had been repaired. 这时汽车已修完了。,2被动语态的用法,1) 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执 行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。 The book is written for teachers. 这种书是为教师写的。 2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带 由by引起的短语)。 The shop is run by a young man. 这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。,3学习、使用被动语态应注意下面几点,1) 短语动词的被动语态

7、，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。 These books must be taken good care of. 这些书必须好好保管。 The children were well looked after. 孩子们受到了良好的护理。,2) 带双宾语的动词的被动语态：(give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语作为保留宾语，或变为介词宾语，作状语。 We gave him so

8、me picture-books. He was given some picture-books. Some picture-books were given to him. 我们给他一些图画书。,3) 有些动词主动语态形式表示被动语态如： sell, wash, wear, 等。 The book sells well. 这本书畅销。 Silk wears well. 丝耐穿。 This cloth washes well. 这种布料耐洗。,4) 不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态如：happen, take place 等。,5）感官动词不用被动语态如 feel,taste,smell 等。

9、,4. Practice:,1“Town Hall is the tallest building in the city.” “ _ from here?” A. Can it seeB. Can it be seen C. Can be seen itD. Can see,答案 B。 Town Hall (市政厅)应当是被看见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因这是一个问句，故选B。,2“The ceremony has already started.” “Look! The flag is _ now.” Abeing raised Brisen Cbeing rose Draising,答案

10、 A。 rise vi.升起，不能有被动形式，故B, C不能选用。 raise vt.举起，升起。后要接宾语，故 D不适用。 being raised正在被升起，正符合题意。,3The crime_ millions, because the speech was on television. A. was seen by B. was saw by C. seen by D. was seen for,答案A。根据题意：犯罪行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。,4. The things talked about in this report _ over ayear ago. A. had ta

11、ken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place,答案B。take place, occur, happen发生，均为不及物动词词组，没有被动语态。,5The anti-Japanese War _ in 1937 and it _ eight years. Awas broken out; lasted Bbroke out; lasted Cbreak out; lasts Dbroke out; was lasted,答案 B。 break out, last 均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。,6Come

12、 and sit down by the fire. Your hand _ . Afeels so cold Bis felt so coldly Cfeels so coldly Dfeel so cold,答案 A。 feel（摸起来有的感觉）seem, sound, look 等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。,7I need one more stamp before my collection _ .(94) Ahas completedBcompletes Chas been completed Dis completed,我所集的邮票还差一张才能成整套。 答案D。befo

13、re引导的时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来，而collection与complete之间为被动关系。,8In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (93) Ais servingBis served CservesDserved,在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶和蔗糖。 答案B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选择。serve意思是“供给”或 “送上”，此处应用被动语态。,9Hell be an astronaut by the time he _ thirty.(93) Ais Bhad been

14、Cwill be Dis going to be,到他三十岁时，他就会成为一名宇航员。 答案 A。主句中用的是一般将来时，by thetime引导时间状语从句中用现在时态表示将来。,GRAMMAR,My family lives in Cardiff. Our soccer team is fantastic. The whole class is here. Neither Amy nor Helen is English. None of them has arrived yet. Each of them has a capital city. Neither of them is En

15、glish.,(2)SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT,GRAMMAR,The police are searching for him. Some sheep are over there. Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. More than one student has seen this film. Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. Men of this kind are dangerous. Between the two windows hangs a p

16、icture.,(2)SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT,主谓一致 要点精讲,“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致， 即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等， 主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。,1. everyone of one of each of either of neither of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 Each of the students has a book. Each of the girls likes dancing. One of them has b

17、een abroad. Neither of the two boys is good at English.,2. each/every/no/many a + 单数名词 and each/every/no/many a + 单数名词 作主语，谓语动词用单数。,Each book and each paper is foundin its place. Every boy and every girl has the rightto receive education. Many a boy and many a girl has seenthese painting. Every hour

18、 and minute is important.,第二个each, every, no, many a可以省略。,none of.结构作主语 指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数； 指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些； 着重个别，则用单数较好。 None of the money is yours. None of us havehas ever been abroad.,3. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good.,4. more than one/

19、many a + 单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复),More than one student has tried. Many a student and teacher is watching the football match. Many a man has died in the war.,5. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, party, crowd, majority, audience, government, public, group, 等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。

20、His family is in Harbin. His family are music lovers. The committee was made up of 10 members. The committee were in the hall.,1His family _ a small one 2His family _ fat and short A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is,此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。,6.就近原则 1)由or, eitheror, neit

21、hernor, not onlybut also, notbut 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. I or his brothers were to blame. Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting. Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.,2)当 there be/ here be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 1.

22、There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 2. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 3. Here is a letter and a book for you. 4. There are three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.,7. 主语后跟 “with, along with, together with, like, unlike, besides,

23、 but, except, including, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, and not +名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。(就远原则） 1. The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 2. Tom, as much as you, was responsible for the loss. 3. He more than you is anxious to go there.,8. “theadj./v

24、-ed/v-ing”作主语 the + dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick, wounded, poor及dead等词，相当于复数名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语用复数。 The old in China are living a happy life. The wounded have been saved. The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.,9. 表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。,Eight hours of sleep is

25、enough. A hundred miles is a long distance. Ten pounds was missing from my pocket. Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.,10. population 做主语指人口,谓语用单数； 指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数； 分数/百分数+ of the population做主语，谓语用复数。,The population of the village is 538. One third of the population here are workers

26、.,11. the Olympic Games, the Asian Games 做主语，谓语用复数。 The Olympic Games are held every four years.,12. 动名词、不定式、从句做主语 1).单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。 Making speeches is not her strong point. Growing flowers needs constant watering.,2). 由and连接的两个(或多个)动名词或不定式作主语 如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同 或相似，谓语用单数； 如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。 Lying a

27、nd stealing are not right. To love and to be loved is sweet thing.,13. 由and连接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数，但由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 The worker and writer is from Beijing. (那个工人兼作家) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家),14. a+单数名词+and a half, a+单数名词+or two 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,A

28、year and a half has passed. A day or two is enough.,one or two +复数名词, one and a half +复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。,One or two boys know it. One and a half months have passed since I saw him. A month and a half has passed since I saw him.,15. “a number of复数名词”作主语， 谓语用复数; “许多” “the number of复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“的数量” The

29、 number of traffic accidents has increased. A number of children like this song.,the quantity of + 复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数。 a quantity of +复数名词,谓语用复数。 a quantity of +不可数名词,谓语用单数. quantities of + 复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用复数。,Quantities of tea were sold last month. A large quantity of beer was sold out. The quantity of

30、 books in the library is amazing.,16. Quantity/ies of +名词复数/不可数名词,half most enoughpartthe rest the last lots some plenty 分数百分数,+of +名词作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。,17.,The rest of the people present are against the plan. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. Over twenty percent of

31、the city was destroyed in the war. Forty-five percent of the doctors were women. Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys.,1. _ you or he the teacher of English? Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting. A. Are, was B. Is, were C. Are, are D. Is, is,A,Do Some Exercises,2

32、. When and where to build the new factory_ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,析: 当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。,A,3. One or two days _ enough to see the city A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to cha

33、nge her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be,5. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be,6. His “Selected Poems” _ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been D. have been,B,7. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C. has com