初中英语被动语态专题

1、.中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析【命题趋势 】被动语态是各地中考重要考点之一，考察内容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时以及含有情态动词的被动，考察题型主要是选择题，词汇应用和翻译句子等，预计 2019 年被动语态的考察重在适当语境中应用被动，动词填空，完成句子等为主考点。【概念讲解 】语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语往往用被，受，给等词来表示被动意义 , 英语里的被字句就叫被动。被动语态由“助动词be 及物动词的过去分词”构成。eg:he wrote

2、the letter.（主动语态）the letter was writtenby him. （被动语态）被动语态的时态变化只变be 的形式， be 后面的过去分词不变， 也就是说被动结构中助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化【主动语态变被动的方法 】1. 把主动语态里的宾语变为被动里的主语2. 把主动语态里的谓语动词加 be 作为被动里的谓语3. 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的 by 短语。（ by 短语可省略，.by后的代词用宾格）【主动变被动解题步骤 】1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者2. 判断宾语的单复数 - 即 be 动词的单复数3. 判断动词的时态 - 即 be 动词的时态 .4. 修

3、改谓语的形式 - 即原句动词改为过去分词5. 修改原句的主语 - 即 by+（原主语 /代词则用宾格） .eg: theymakeshoesinthat factory.shoesare madeby them主变宾 ,宾变主 , 谓动 be done时不变 ,人称、数、格随着变小试牛刀 ：（ 2018 宁夏模拟） teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _todrive a car.aare allowedb is allowedc will be alloweddallow【被动的几种句式 】肯定句：主 be + 过去分词 (by )否定

4、句：主语 be not 过去分词 (by )一般疑问句： be 主语过去分词 (by )?特殊疑问句： 疑问词 (5w1h) be主语过去分词(by ) ？小试牛刀：（2018 宁夏预测卷） english is widely used around the world.(试变成以上几种句式 ).【考点归纳： 】1、五种常考基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时）和带情态动词的被动语态用法。 一般现在时： am is are 及物动词的过去分词 eg:im asked to take care of myself.footballisplayedallovertheworld

5、 一般过去时： was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 eg:the house was built in 1988his leg was broken in the car accident . 一般将来时： will/shall +be +及物动词的过去分词eg：more factories will be built in the future. 现在完成时： have/has been +过去分词eg :we have been learn t english for 15 years.luxun s book has been translated into many langua

6、ges. . 带情态动词的被动语态 : “情态动词 + be +过去分词”构成 。eg: teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成 , 即 can/may/must/should + be+过去分词1. we can repair this watch in two days. this watch can be repaired in two days.2. they should do it at once. it should be done at on

7、ce.【主变被的特殊情况 】1. 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态.即 feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch ,see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to ，但变被动句时必须加to.eg:he made the boy work for two hours yesterday.( 他昨天让那男孩工作了两小时 ) the boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday .2.mother never lets me watch tv . i a

8、m never let to watch tv by mother.2、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的用法：英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语， 如 tell, show, buy, ask, pass, write, do, make,sell, send, sing, give, answer, teach, offer, pay, promise, allow 等，即是说这些动词后面会同时出现人和物做宾语，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语。变为被动语态时如果指物的宾语作主语，指人的宾语前要用介词 for 或 to 。常见的接双宾语的动词有:to: pass, give, teach,

9、show, bring, handfor: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语（人）前必须加to 或 for.eg：he gave me a book.i was given a book by him.a book was given to me by him.3. 含有短 的主 被 不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，才可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时， 不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.常见动

10、词短语的被动语态take care ofbe taken care ofcut downbe cut downlaugh atbe laughed atlook afterbe looked after下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加bybe covered with用覆盖着be interested in 感 趣be surprised at 感到惊奇be made of（from ）用制造的【常见被动句式 】在汉语中，有一类句子不需要出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：1.据 itis saidthat 2.据 itisreportedthat3.据推 itis s

11、upposed that4.希望itishoped that .5. 众所周知itiswellknown that6. 普遍 itisgenerallyconsideredthat7. 有人建 itissuggestedthat8.itis( was) agreed( believed/decided/hoped/thought . ）that. .大家同意（相信、决定、希望、 ）.9 it is ( was) taken for granted that .被 当然10.it must be remembered that . 必 住 .11. it mustn t be forgotten

12、 that.千万 忘 .12.it is ( was) said( reported ，heard ，told ，suggested) that .据 ( 道、听 、告知、建 .)例句：1) it is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) it is well known that thomas edison invented theelectriclamp.【典型例题 】（）1 the olympic games _every four years.a are heldb were heldc are holdingd will ho1

13、d（）2. in the art show ，a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friendsby the chinese paintingsa is givingb is givenc will give.d has given（） 3. today chinese is becoming more and more popular. it_in. many schools around the world.a. teachesb. is teachingc. has taughtd. is taught（）4. ba jin, one of the greate

14、st writers in china, _aspeoples writer.a. is regardedb. has regardedc. is regardingd. regards（）5. usually computers _to search the internet.a. useb. are usingc. are usedd. used（）6. -do you often clean your classroom?-yes. our classroom _every day.a. cleanb. cleansc.iscleaned（）7.一 did you hear that w

15、ater in tai lake smelt terrible?一 yesin fact，it _.thats all because of the people and the factories arounda pollutedb was pollutedchaspolluteddwas po11ute.（）8. -our environment is getting worse than before.-youre right. but thanks to earth day_, people havedone more and more useful things to protect

16、(保护 )the earth since earth day.a. is startedb. was startedc.has started（） 9. -ifeel very happy that i _to be the host.-congratulations!a. chooseb. am chosenc. was chosend.haven chosen（）10. many trees and flowers _ in our school lastyear，and they made our school a beautiful gardena plantb plantedc ha

17、ve planteddwere planted（）11. some famous paintings _in the hall nextweek.a. will showb. were shownc.isshownd. will be shown（）12. a talk on developments in science and technologyin the school hall next week .a. givenb. will be givenc. has been given.d. gives（）13.-great changes have taken place in thi

18、s city.-right. many modern tall buildings have been _these days.a. turned up b. put up c. shown up d. fixed up（）14.twelve-year-olds should notto drive inchina.a. allowb. be allowc. allowedd. be allowed（）15. do you often clean your classroom?yes, our classroom _ every day.a. cleanb. cleansc. is clean

19、edd. cleaned三、课后练习（）1susan, why are you still here? they are all ready tostart. i m sorry, but i _ when to meet.a. don t tellb. didn t tellc.haven ttoldd. wasn t told（）2many old houses around our school _ next year anda large green area will appear.a. pull downb. will be pulled downc. willpulldownd.

20、 are pulled down（）3- my watch _.- don t worry. let s go to the lost & found.a. is lostb. is brokenc. hasfoundd. has stopped（）4-did you go to sams weekend party?-no, i_.a. am not invitedb. wasn t invitedc.haven tinvitedd. didn t invite（）5 - how often _ your school sports meeting_?- once a year.a. doe

21、s; holdb. was; holdc.is; heldd. did; hold（）6on may 30th, , one bowl in the ming dynasty ( 明朝 )_ at the price of 30.36 million hong kong dollars.a. sellb. soldc.issoldd. was sold（）7the thousand- hand guanyin _ by many peopleas the best performance at cctvs spring festival evening.a. has been regarded

22、b. are regardedc.hasregardedd. regards（）8those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.yes, they _ in hangzhou.a. paintedb. were paintingc.werepaintedd. had painted（）9-dont litter the ground, boy ,look at the sign:“ rubbishinto the dustbin.”-sorry.a, has throwb,was throwc,must throwd, must be th

23、rown（）10the 29th 0lympic games _in beijing in 2008a will holdb will be heldchold（）11. the girl was often heardhappily in herroom.a. singb. to singc. singingd. sings（） 12. it is reported that more new teaching buildings_ in our school in the next term.a. willbe builtb. was builtc. has builtd. will bu

24、ild（） 13. it is reported that more new teaching buildings._ in our school in the next term.a. willbe builtb. was builtc. has builtd. will build（）14. the sick boy _ to hospital by the policeyesterday.a.is takenb.was takenc. takesd. took（ ）15. -it s difficult for the village children to cross the rive

25、rfor school.-i think a bridge _ over the river.a. was builtb. is being builtc. has been builtd. should be built（）16. -david, turn off the tv_ no one is watchingit.-but it _ off already! the music is from the radio.a. so that, has been turnedb. when, hasturnedc. if, has been turnedd. because, hasturn

26、ed（） 17. usually johnto school in his father sbeautiful car.a. has takenb. is takingc. is takend. has been taken（）18. dont put off today swork for tomorrow. i mean,today s work _ today.a. may dob. must doc. may be doned. must be done（）19.-look, what an old palace! it looks so great!-yeah, it _ nearl

27、y 800 years ago.a. was buildingb. was builtc. has built d.isbuilt（）20. don t discuss the problems with your partner unlessyou _ to do so.a. askb. are askedc.willaskd. will be ask.一般 在 1a 。解析 考 被 ， 根据句意，“奥运会每四年 行一次”可 用一般 在 的被 ，故排除了b、c、d。2答案 b 。解析 本 考 被 ，句中a lot of enjoyment 是 作的承受者。“在 次 展中，一些有趣的 西通 中

28、国国画展示 外国朋友。 ”3答案 d 。解析 考 被 。物作主 ，一般要考 被 。但如果 指的是物的特性，不能用被 。4答案 a 。解析 用一般 在 的被 ， 表示人 位 大作家的 戴。5答案 c 。解析 从句子看， 作主 ，是 作的承受者，所以用被 ，故 c。6. 答案 c。解析 考 被 物作主 ， 一般要考 被 。但如果 指的是物的特性，不能用被 。一般 去 1答案 b 。考 被 。物作主 ，一般要考 被 。但如果 指的是物的特性，不能用被 。2答案 b 。 解析 从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人 已做了一些越来越有用的事保 境。 ”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般 去 的被 ，其构成 w

29、as started故 b。3. we _into five groups to go to the old peoples home. we did many things to cheer them up. 太原市 a. dividedb. are dividedc.were divided3答案 c。解析 本 主要考 被 的用法。根据句意及 境可推知空格 用被 的形式。由后一句we did manythings”可推断， 是一般 去 。因此 c。4c5d一般将来 去.1答案 d 。解析 本题综合考查时态和语态。 主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为n

30、ext week，是表示将来的时间状语， 所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以 d 项正确。2b答案 b答案： d。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词 +be+过去分词。答案为 c。句中有 every day，主语为 our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。【参考答案】1答案 d 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去， i 和 tell 之间是被动关系。2答案 b 解析：由题干时间 next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是 old houses 应,用被动语态。故选 b。3答案 a 解析：由 let s go to the lost & found可

31、.知，说明表丢失了。故选4答案 b 解析：由 did you go to sam s weekend 可party?知陈述过去的动作的发生， i 和 invite 之间存在着被动关系。故选 b。5答案 c 解析： how often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次 ”。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干 your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选 c。6答案 d 解析：由 on ma