Traditional+Chinese+Medicine+English+Course（研究生专业英语使用）.ppt

1、Traditional Chinese Medicine English Course,Jeanelle Chin,中医各科表达法,中医 traditional Chinese medicine traditional Chinese physician 中药学 Chinese materia medica 中医药 traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 中西医结合 integration of traditional and western medicine 中医基础理论 basic theory of traditional Chines

2、e medicine 中医诊断学 diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 方剂学 prescriptions of Chinese materia medica 中医内科学 internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine 中医外科学 surgery of traditional Chinese medicine,中医皮肤科学 dermatology of traditional Chinese medicine 中医肛肠科学 proctology of traditional Chinese m

3、edicine 中医妇科学 gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine 中医儿科学 pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine 中医眼科学 ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine 中医耳鼻喉科学 otorhinolaryngology of traditional Chinese medicine 中医骨伤科学 osteology and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine,中医英语翻译的基本特点,1.1

4、仿造 翻譯 SL 的無等值詞匯時，用 TL 中的直接對應詞代換無等值詞匯的組成部分 (詞素 / 詞) 借用英語中已有的相關單詞來表達中醫學特有的概念 肝血liver blood 血虛blood deficiency 活血化瘀activating blood to resolve stagnation,中医英语翻译的基本特点,1.1 仿造 (imitation) 句子層次的翻譯也能運用仿造法 從陰陽則生，逆之則死。 Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life, while violating it leads to death. 陰虛則熱，陽

5、虛則寒。 Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of yang produces cold.,中医英语翻译的基本特点,1.2 定義化 (definition) 中醫術語高度凝煉，難以用同樣長短的英語表達清楚 翻譯往往以解釋、定義方式進行 辨證論治 diagnosis and treatment based on the overall analysis of symptoms and signs 虛脹 Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney,中医英语翻译的基本

6、特点,1.2 定義化 缺點 簡潔變冗長，違反科技術語翻譯、使用的原則 和語境難以配合 有礙中醫術語英譯邁向規範 簡化處理 辨證論治 treatment based on syndrome differentiation (Li) identifying patterns and determining treatment (Wiseman) 虛脹 deficiency-flatulence vacuity distension,中医英语翻译的基本特点,1.3 詞義分化 同一中醫術語在不同語境下，可以有不同涵義 (一詞多義 polysemy) 同一概念也可用不同術語表達 (同義詞 synonym

7、y) 虛 asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunction,中医英语翻译的基本特点,1.3 詞義分化 脾虛 asthenia of the spleen (Li) spleen vacuity (Wiseman) spleen deficiency (WHO draft)* 脾虛水泛 hypofunction of the spleen* (Li) 體虛 weakness / debility,中医英语翻译的基本特点,1.3 詞義分化 必須考慮語境 a) 腎藏精，精舍志。 精指精氣 The kidney

8、stores essence and the essence maintains activities. b) 精1傷則骨痠痿厥，精2 時自下。 精1 指腎精； 精2 指精液 The damage of the kidney essence causes aching and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation in the limbs, which will further leads to frequent seminal emission.,中医英语翻译的基本特点,1.3 詞義分化 (續) 必須考慮語境 c) 脈理精微，其體

9、難辨。 精 指精深 The theory of pulse is very profound and the conditions of pulse are difficult to differentiate.,中医英语翻译的基本特点,1.4 拼音化 當英語無法表達中醫特有概念時，用拼音翻譯 氣 Vital energy * Qi 動筆！ which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed? 四氣五味 滋陰降火,2 中醫翻譯的困難,2.1 詞匯缺口 (lexical gap) 翻譯人員各有不同考慮、偏好 五行 five elements, fiv

10、e phases, wuxing 命門 gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen 三焦 three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple energizers, sanjiao 五臟 five solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs, five zang-visceras, wuzang,中医特有的表达,先天之气 气的运动变化 正邪相争 形神统一 阴阳失调 三部九候 三焦主决渎 肝，体阴而用阳 精血同源,2 中醫翻譯的困難,2.2 理解偏差 歷時

11、、文化因素，使得術語理解困難 带下医- 失笑散 Powder for Lost Smiles* Sudden Smile Powder 黃帝內經 Yellow Emperors Internal Medicine * (Huangdis) Canon of Medicine Huangdis Classics on Medicine Huangdis Internal Classic Huangdi Neijing,中医英语的翻译方法,一、借用西医用语 由于疾病属于客观存在物，不管你如何称呼它，它总是客观存在的。例如发生在中国人身上的生理现象和病理变化在其他民族的人身上也会发生，因此中国人对某

12、个生理现象和病理变化的称呼在其他民族的语言中也应该能找到对应的说法。这是毫无疑问的，因为它属于人类共同经验宝库中的一部分。所以在翻译中医的有关疾病名称时，可以借用相应的现代医学用语。,借用西醫術語 動筆！ 心悸 便秘 便溏 遺尿 黃疸 納呆,借用西醫術語（一）,中医病症名 西医病症名 心悸 palpitation 便秘 constipation 呃逆 hiccup 遗尿 enuresis 黄疸 jaundice 白喉 diphtheria 癃闭 retention of urine 经闭 amenorrhea 纳呆 indigestion,中医疗法名称 西医疗法名称 放血 bloodletti

13、ng 驱虫 anthelmintic treatment 正骨 reduction 止血 hemostasis, hemostasia 止痛 analgesia 止泻 antidiarrhea,借用西醫術語（二）,中医用语英语翻译的方法,二、直译法 （一）基础理论 動筆！ 陽化氣 陰中之陰 木生火 抑木扶土 補母瀉子 * 心開竅於舌 脾主運化 * 肺主氣司呼吸,阳化气 yang transforming into qi 阴成形yin constituting form 阴阳的相互转化mutual transformation between yin and yang 阴中之阴yin withi

14、n yin 阳中之阳yang within yang 阴胜则寒predominance of yin causing cold 阳胜则热predominance of yang causing heat 阴阳偏盛relative predominance of yin and yang 母子关系mother-child relation 木生火wood generating fire 金克木metal restricting wood 抑木扶土inhibiting wood to strengthen earth 培土制水supplementing earth to control water

15、 补母泻子reinforcing mother-organ and reducing child- organ,二、直译法 （二）生理 心开窍于舌 The heart opens into the tongue. 肺主气司呼吸The lung controls qi and manages respiration. 通调水道regulation of the water pathway 脾主运化The spleen controls transportation and transformation. 肝藏血The liver stores blood. 肾藏精The kidney store

16、s essence 藏而不泻storage without excretion 泻而不藏excretion without storage,二、直译法 （三）病理 阴阳失调 imbalance between yin and yang 热入心包invasion of heat into the pericardium 脾失健运failure of the spleen to transport normally 肝不藏血failure of the liver to store blood 胃失和降failure of the stomach qi to descend 气虚不孕sterili

17、ty due to qi deficiency 风热腰痛lumbago due to wind-heat 肾阳不足 insufficiency of kidney yang,三、意译 天行赤眼 acute contagious conjunctivitis vs. heaven-current red eye 纏腰火丹 herpes zoster around the waist vs. girdling fire cinnabar 子盜母氣 child-organ disorder involving its mother organ vs. child steals the mothers

18、 qi,中医用语英语翻译的方法,epidemic,Have a try！,天行-流行性的（epidemic） 天行发斑疮-smallpox 天行瘟疫-pestilence（a disease that cause death and spreads quickly to large numbers of people, esp. bubonic plague鼠疫),白虎历节 acute arthritis 牛皮藓 psoriasis 脏燥 hysteria 角弓反张 opisthotonos severe spasm in which the back arches and the head

19、bends back and heels flex toward the back,四、音意结合 元氣(原气） primordial qi, original qi, congenital qi 正氣 healthy qi, right qi, genuine qi, vital qi 宗氣 pectoral qi, thoracic qi, ancestral qi 中氣 gastrosplenic qi*, middle qi, center qi 營氣 nutrient qi, construction qi 腎氣 kidney-qi, renal qi*,中医用语英语翻译的方法,“阴阳”是否音译,“冲任之脉起