考研英语语法

1、.考研英语语法非限定动词（ 3）动词最重要简单句（ 5 种基本句型）限定动词并列句名词性从句（ 4）长难句分析复合句定语从句（ 5）状语从句（ 6）时态（ 1）被动（ 2）it （ 7）： 做先行代词的用法在强调结构中的用法倒装（ 8）： if 在虚拟结构中的条件从句only 或否定词提前as 或 however 在前的让步状语从句比较级句子 ：跟句子、短语等-（ 9）在句中的意义：解释说明和插入（不影响句子本身结构）带- 的形容词（ 10）五种基本句型：最基本的，有助于分析句子结构，理解长难句。;.1、动词时态 ：在英语中，不同时间一不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。在

2、时间上分为四大类-现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时；在行为上又分为四种-一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。考研中常用 到的有一定难度的：过去进行时、过去将来时（would 表过去习惯动作） 、现在完成时、现在完成进行时等。现在完成时 （表示动作或状况发生在现在以前的某个未经明确指出的过去时间内，目前已经完成或结束，给现在造成了影响；或者这个动作至今还未完成，可能继续下去也可能停止）he believes that this very difficultymay have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long

3、andintently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. （ 08）现在完成进行时(表示由过去某时开始或发生至今仍将继续进行或刚刚结束的动作；重复发生的动作)we are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process whichwe have been so far considering, a moreformal kind of educati

4、on.(09)2、被动语态 ：当主语是动作的承受者时，动词要用被动语态，只有及物动词才有被动语态；由助动词be 加动词的过去分词构成，它的时态由be 动词的变化体现。考研 中常用的被动语态与时态的结合：一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时一般现在时 ：until these issues are resolved , a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. （ 02）一般过去时 ：the oil price was

5、 given another push up this week when iraq suspended oil exports. （ 02）现在完成时 ：traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. （ 07）3、非限定动词（不能单独做谓语，没有性数变化，不包括在句子的主干

6、中）包括动词不定式、分词（-ed-ing）、动名词1、 动词不定式：;.由 (not)+to+ 动词原形构成，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语或状语做主语和宾语 ：to take this approach to the new englandersnormally mean to start with the puritans theological innovationsand their distinctive ideas about the church important subjects that we may not neglect.（ 09）做表语 ：the defini

7、ng term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the iq score , even though iq tests are not given as often as they used to be.（ 07）做宾补 ：if you then examined the european national youth teams that feed the world cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pr

8、onounced .（ 07）做状语 ：to take advantage of this tool , some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. （ 01）2、分词：它兼有动词、形容词、和副词的特征；有两种形式，-ed 被动完成，-ing 主动进行；在句中担任定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。现在分词和过去分词的区别 ：a moving filmsurprisingthe play wa

9、s boring.a moved audiencesurprisedi left because i was bored.做定语 ：a team of researchers working togetherin the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.(08)not choice, but habit rules the unreflectingherd.(09)specialisation was only one of a series of related developments i

10、n science affecting the process of communication.（ 01）做状语 ：（ -ing 与主句主语是主动关系；-ed 与主句主语被动关系）we reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort offamiliar routine.（ 09）asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from ani

11、mal research.（ 03）状语 （while 或 when）while examining housing construction , the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-english-speaking mexican workers in houston, texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry s work 。 (09)独立结构

12、：;.not long ago, with the country entering a recessingand japan at its pre-bubble peak. the u.s. workforce wasderided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor u.s. economic performance.(09)3、动名词 ：兼有名词和动词的特征，可在句中做主语、表语、宾语等finding promising openingscan be time-consuming and inefficient.

13、(04)4、名词性从句 ：在句中起名次作用的从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。（连接词that, whether.or, if在从句中不做任何成分who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever在句中充当语法成分when, where, why, how在从句中做状语成分）主语从句 ：that the seas are being overfishedhas been known for years.（ 06）表语从句 ：one difficulty isthat almost all of what is called beh

14、avioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.（ 02）宾语从句 ：nancy dubler, director of montefiore medical center, contendsthat the principle will shield doctors.(02)on the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explainwhy ed

15、ucation isn t developing more quickly therethan it is. （09）同位语从句 ：a century ago, freud formulated his revolutionary theorythat dreams were the disguised shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears. （ 05）5、 定语从句 ：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句。先行词和关系词。关系词既起着联系从句和主句的作用，又代替先行词在从句中担当有语法成分。（ that, which,

16、who, whom, whose; when, where, why）关系代词 ：its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteriasuch as location, title, and salary, then e-mails themwhen a matching position is posted in the database. （ 04）（作主语）scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose argumen

17、ts are confusing the publicandthereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. （ 03）all of us work through problems in waysof which we re unaware.(09)（加介词）there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- 90s equivalent of dropping out .（ 01）;.here is an example, which i

18、 heard at a nurses convention, of a story, which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.（ 02）（非限制性）关系副词 ：in dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak。（ 05）6、状语从句 ：在复合句中做状语的从句，有连接词。分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式和比较时间 （when while as; whe

19、never every time; till until; before after; as soon as once the minute; no sooner.thanhardly.when 主句部分倒装）when prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals.（ 06）every time you answer a questionyou eliminate a possibility.(04)as the internet become

20、s more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access 。（ 01）until these issues are resolved , a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the onlyway to solve our problems. （ 02）让步状语 ：（ although, though, even though ； as 从句半倒装）althou

21、gh a search agent worked for redmon, career experts see drawbacks.（ 04）结果状语 ：the newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of europe andsoutheast asia that some scholars even accused boas and sapir of fabricating their data.（ 04）方式状语 ：we are obliged

22、 to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died outor became assimilated and lost their native languages. (04)比较状语 ：but the 47-year- old manicurist isn t cutting, filing or polishingasmany nails as she d like, toeither.（ 04）the role of natural selecti

23、on in evolution was formulated onlya little more thana hundred years ago, and the selectiverole of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognizedand studied.（ 02）but the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundlythan

24、 an ordinarycitizenrests on anunderstanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.（ 07）this success led ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing ismore of a cognitive exercisethan an intuitive one.（ 07）条件状语 ：if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a ful

25、l year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import billin rich economies by only 0.25% - 0.5% of gdp.;.7、 it:先行代词 ，引导后面的短语或从句。当主语是动词不定式、动名词、主语从句时，往往把主语放在谓语动词之后，将 it 放在句首。it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.(09)it never occurr

26、ed to me that i might become a part of a new international trend.(01)强调句 ：当我们要强调句子的某一部分（一般是主语、宾语、状语）时，通常用“it is+ 被强调部分 +that(who)+句子的其余部分”这种句子结构。it is a wise father that knows his own children.(09)8、 倒装 ：if 在虚拟结构中的条件从句only 或否定词提前as 或 however 在前的让步状语从句only when humanity began to get its food in a mor

27、e productive waywas there time for other things. （ 09）here is an example , which i heard at a nurses convention, of a story, which works well because the audience allshared the same view of doctors.（ 02）perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the rec

28、ent events in europe.（ 05）9、 - 的用法 ：插入 解释说明：for any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do then broaden it.（ 04）解释说明 ：scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -in human terms, not in the language of molec

29、ular biology. （03）10、合成形容词 ：physician-assisted suicideanti-intellectualismoff-the-cuff remarksopen-source intelligenceenergy-services firmback-and-forthingbelt-tightening;.aswe are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died outor became as

30、similated and lost their native languages. (04)tylor definedculture as “ that complex whole whichincludes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any othercapabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. ” （ 03）（ regard.as）as a physician , i know the most costly and dramatic measures ma

31、y be ineffective and painful.(03)his function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing inas obvious a manner aspossible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.（ 06）i 句子成分句子的 成成分叫句子成分。在句子中， 与 之 有一定的 合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分 不同的 成成分。句子成分由 或 充当。英 的基本成分有六种：主

32、（subject）、 （ predicate）、表 （ predicative）、 （ object ）、定 （ attribute）和状 (adverbial)。ii基本句型基本句型一： （主 ）基本句型二： （主 表）基本句型三： （主 ）基本句型四： （主 直 ）基本句型五： （主 ）1基本句型一 （主 ）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的 都能表达完整的意思。 叫做不及物 ，后面可以跟副 、介 短 、状 从句等2 基本句型二 （主 表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子 都不能表达一个完整的意思，必 加上一个表明主 身份或状 的表 构成复合 ，才能表达完整的意思。 叫做 系 。be, look,keep, seem， get,grow,become, turn等this is an english-chinese dictionary. 是本英 辞典。the dinner smells good.午餐的