2019高考英语 之时态 语态.ppt

1、高考语法串讲 之 时态语态,李老师,考点解读,动词的时态和语态是高考必考点 时态主要涉及10种，即：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时； 语态考查不同时态下的被动语态。,时态 之 （1）一般现在时,（一）基本用法 1.表示现在的习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态。 常与every+一段时间,usually, always, sometimes, often, every day, frequently,on Mondays, once a month等时间状语连用。 eg: He gets up earl

2、y and goes to bed early every day. 2.表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 eg:The teacher told his students that metal expands when heated.,时态 之 （1）一般现在时,（二）重点点拨 1.表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或规定的行为。 限于go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive等表示动作趋向性或位移性的动词。 eg: The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m. 2.“主将从现”中的使用。 Even if it rains tomorrow,

3、the sports meeting will take place. However much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants. Tips:1.做题过程中要先看时间状语，结合前后语境，并要注意复合句或并列句的时态。 2.一般现在时要注意“主谓一致”。,时态 之 （1）一般现在时,（三）例题解析 2018年全国卷I 语法填空 While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at l

4、engthening life 65 (than) walking, cycling or swimming. 答案：is 考查时态和主谓一致,时态 之 （1）一般现在时,2016年全国卷I 改错（改时态问题即可） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even ha

5、d to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure . 答案：had 改为 have 考查时态,高考语法串讲 之 时态语态,李老师,时态 之 （2）一般过去时,（一）基本用法 1.过去某个时间里发生的动作、状态。 常与yesterday, in 2017,last month, the day before yesterday,一段时间+ago ,the other day 等表示过去的时间状语连用。 eg: She wasnt in at tha

6、t time. 2.过去经常、反复性发生的动作或状态。 常与由when等连词引导的状语从句连用；used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，而现在不做了。 eg: When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.,时态 之 （2）一般过去时,（二）重点点拨 1.表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时, know, think, expect等动词常用一般过去时。 eg: He didnt expect to meet you. 2.“主将从现”前推一个时态中的用法。 eg:He said he would not

7、go if it rained. 3.常用固定句型。 It has been 3 years since he joined the army. I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred. eg: The accident occurred while I was going along the street looking for a place to park. I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me

8、. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.,时态 之 （2）一般过去时,（三）例题解析 2015年全国卷I 语法填空 It was raining lightly when I_61_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 答案：arrived 2018年全国卷I 改错 During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a b

9、ig change there. 答案：find 改为 found,高考语法串讲 之 时态语态,李老师,时态 之 （3）一般将来时,（一）基本用法 1.表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态（未发生的动作、状态）, 即单纯的将来事实。 谓语动词：will+动词原形 eg: I think itwillbe rainy tomorrow. 2.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 谓语动词：am/is/are going to+动词原形 eg: Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.,时态 之 （3）一般将来时,对比以下两个对话： -Ka

10、te is in hospital. -Oh, really, I didnt know. Iwillgo and see her at once. -Kate is in hospital. -Yes, I know. Iam goingtosee her this afternoon. 一般将来时 常与in+一段时间，next time,tomorrow, before long,later(on),in the future,this afternoon,next year, the day after tomorrow等时间状语连用。,时态 之 （3）一般将来时,（二）重点点拨 1.

11、表示即将要发生某事（即刻的将来）。 谓语动词：am/is/are about to+动词原形 （通常不与具体时间状语连用，但可与when引导的时间状语从句连用） eg: The train is about to start. 2.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事, 或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 谓语动词：am/is/are to+动词原形 eg:We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.,时态 之 （3）一般将来时,3.“一般现在表将来”与“现在进行表将来”。 eg: Ladies and gentlemen,pleas

12、e fasten your safety belt. The plane is taking off. Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 注意：谓语动词常为表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, start, open, arrive, begin, return，take off等。 4.“祈使句+ and/or +句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。 eg: Use your head and you will find a way. 5.“主将从现”中的使用。,时态 之 （3）

13、一般将来时,（三）例题解析 Close the door of fear behind you, and you_(see) the door of faith open before you. 答案：will see 2013北京高考 Do you think Mom and Dad _(be)late? No, Swiss Air is usually on time. 答案：will be,高考语法串讲 之 时态语态,李老师,时态 之 （4）现在完成时,（一）基本用法 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常用的时间状语: already, never, just, bef

14、ore, yet等。 eg: I have already seen the film. 2.表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，常用的时间状语: “for+时间段”,“since+时间点”,so far,in the last/past few days/years,since then,up to now等。 eg: I have learnt English for five years. I have been here since last year/one year ago.,时态 之 （4）现在完成时,（二）重点点拨 1.固定句型用法： It is/has been+时间段+

15、since. . . 表示“自从以来已经”。 eg: It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. This/It/That is the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用现在完成时。 eg: It is the first time that I have visited the city. “形容词最高级+名词”后的定语从句中要用现在完成时。 eg:This is the best film that Ive

16、 (ever) seen. 2.“主将从现”中的使用。 eg: Please return the book to me when you have finished it.,时态 之 （4）现在完成时,（二）重点点拨 3.比较记忆“一段时间+ago”与“一段时间+before” “一段时间+ago”常用于一般过去时态，而“一段时间+before”（泛指从过去起的若干时间以前）常用于完成时态。 2014年全国I卷 改错 Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some

17、ago of cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden. 2015年全国I卷 语篇填空 A few hours_62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 its (it) choking smog. 答案：before,时态 之 （4）现在完成时,（二）重点点拨 4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时：强调动作发生在过去某一时间，不强调对现在造成的影响或结果； 与表示过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间连用 现在完成时：表示过去动作与现在有关系, 主要强调对现在造成的影响和结果； 可与today, th

18、is week, since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用， 但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用 eg： Theyve gone to Beijing so far. They went to Beijing last year.,时态 之 （4）现在完成时,（二）重点点拨 5.现在完成时与过去完成时的区别 过去完成时-动作为过去的过去；可按时间截止点去区分两者。 过去1（动作发生）过去 现在 eg：Up to now, I have learnt 3,500 words. By the end of last term, I had learnt 3,500 words.,高考语法串讲 之 时

19、态语态,李老师,时态 之 （4）现在完成时,（三）例题解析 2018年全国II卷 Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop.Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. 答案：has grown 2016 年浙江高考 9. Silk _ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 答案：had become,时态 之 （4）现在完成时,2015年北京卷

20、 26.In the last few years, China_ great achievements in environmental protection. A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making 答案：A 2014 年江苏高考 How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well, the media(cover) it in a variety of forms. 答案：have covered,高考语法串讲 之 时态语态,李老

21、师,语态 之 被动语态,（一）被动语态使用及谓语动词 1.使用被动语态，谓语动词为及物动词。 2.谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态，可以用错位相加法。 am/is/are doing have/has done am/is/are being done have/has been done be done be done 3.在“主谓双宾”结构句中，用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for)，以加强间接宾语的语气。 The host had caught us some fish. Some fish had been caught for us by t

22、he host. 4.在“主谓宾宾补”结构句中，主动中跟不带to的不定式作宾补的词，在变为被动时，不定式应加上to。 We heard him say good-bye to his friends. He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.,语态 之 被动语态,（二）谓语动词的主动形式表示被动含义 1.某些表示状态特征的系动词，如：sound,seem,smell,taste,look,feel等。 eg：The music sounds wonderful. 2.某些表主语内在品质或性能的动词，常与not, hardly, well, eas

23、ily, badly, nicely等副词连用，如：lock, sell, wash, read, write, open, wear, keep等。 eg：This kind of cloth washes easily. 3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut, run, move等。 eg：The shop opens at 8 a.m. every day.,语态 之 被动语态,另：注意某些非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动含义 1.在need, want, require等动词表需要含义，以及worth

24、等形容词的后面, 动名词主动形式表示被动意义, 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 eg：This book is well worth reading. The baby needs looking after. 2.be to blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 eg：The houses are to let. The boy was to blame for what he had done. 3. “主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义，这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impos

25、sible, pleasant, interesting等。 eg：This kind of food isnt fit to eat. The girl isnt easy to get along with.,语态 之 被动语态,（三）例题解析 2018年天津卷 13.My washing machine this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 答案：C 2017 年浙江11月卷 This isn

26、t as hard as it(sound), and it is far better than any other method. 答案：sounds,高考语法串讲 之 时态语态,李老师,时态语态 之 时态呼应及情态动词主被动,（一）时态呼应 1.主将从现（适用于时间、条件、让步等状语从句中） 主句表将来，从句用现在时 一般将来 一般现在 祈使句 现在进行 情动+动原 现在完成 Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. eg: If she is still waiting, tell her to go home. I will go wi

27、th you as soon as I have finished my work.,时态语态 之 时态呼应及情态动词主被动,（一）时态呼应 2.主过从过（适用于宾语从句） 过去的某种时态，例外-表达永恒真理用一般现在时 He thought he was working for the people. eg: I hoped I would find a job soon. The teacher said the sun rises in the east. 例题解析： 2018年江苏卷 30.I was sent to the village last month to see how

28、the development plan in the past two years. A.had been carried out B.would be carried out C.is being carried out D.has been carried out 答案：A,时态语态 之 时态呼应及情态动词主被动,（二）情态动词的主被动语态 情态动词在主动语态中后面应加动词主动时态的原形，被动语态中应加上be+v(p.p)。 eg: We must find ways to protect our environment. The machine must be operated with care. 例题解析： 2018年天津卷 10.I cant find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday,but Im not sure. A.should leave B.must have leave C.might leave D.could have left 答案：D 此处叙述过去发生的动作，下