《实用商务英语翻译》PPT课件.ppt

1、商务信函的翻译,第一节 商务信函简介,一 商务信函的12种要素 信头（letterhead） 案号 (reference) 日期 (date) 封内地址 (inside address) 注意项 (attention line) 称呼 (salutation),Next,事由栏 (subject) 信的正文 (body of letter) 信尾敬语 (complimentary close) 签名 (signature) 缩写名、附件及分送标志部分 （IEC: initials, enclosures and carbon copies block） 附言 (postscript),商务信函

2、实例1,Kee or (b) does suffer or omits any act , matter or thing which in the opinion of Party A is prejudicial to Party As interest in the Goods or Party As rights hereunder, then and in any such event Party A shall become entitled to mediate possession of the Goods, subject to any rights conferred up

3、 Party B by law to resume the hiring, and may retake possession thereof and upon such repossession the hiring shall terminate.,用词比较准确。 用词比较正式、拘谨。比如，不用before而用prior，不用but而用provided that，不用after而用sequent，不用tell而用advise，不用begin或start而用commence，不用use而用employ，不用according to而用in accordance with，不用show而用de

4、monstrate，等等。 shall的使用,原文：自9月20日起，甲方以无权接受任何订单或收据 译文：Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order or to accept any orders to collect any account after September 20. 改译： Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order or to accept any orders to collect any account on and after September 20.,使用法

5、律术语和行话、套话。一个科学领域内，一个术语只表达一个概念，同一个概念只用一个术语来表达。术语最突出的特点是词义单一而固定，每个专业术语所表示的都是一个特定的法律概念，在使用时其他任何词语都不能代替。例如：“termination（终止）”不能用 “finish”代替；“invoke（援引）”不能用“quote”代替；“peremptory（最高）”不能用“supreme”代替；“a material breach（重大违约）”不能用“a serious breach”代替.其他，burden of proof（举证责任），cause of action（案由），letters patent（

6、专利证书），negotiable instrument（流通票据），reasonable doubt（合理的怀疑），contributory negligence（与有过失），等等。,常用词的特殊用法,经常使用古英语和中古英语。古英语（Old English）是公元约1100年以前的英语，中古英语（Middle English）则是公元约1100年至1500年间的英语。这一点主要体现在大量使用以here, there和where与介词合成的词，比如，hereafter，herein，hereunder，hereafter，thereto，whereby，wherein，等等。,hereafte

7、r = after this time; 今后hereby = by means/reason of this; 特此herein = in this; 此中，于此hereinafter = later in this contract; 在下文thereafter = afterwards; 此后，后来thereby = by that means; 因此；由此；在那方面therein = from that; 在那里；在那点上thereinafter = later in the same contract; 以下；在下文whereby = by what; by which; 由是；凭那

8、个wherein = in what; in which; 在哪里；在哪点上,惯用副词,词语并列 为使国际条约表意准确和规范严谨，条约制定者在行文中大量使用词语并列结构，用“and”或“or”把两个或多个短语并列起来。这种并列结构有更强的包容性，同时也更加具有弹性。例如：“under or in accordance with”，“signed and delivered”，“in whole or in part”， “revocation，suspension or imposition”，“by the government or by any government，public or

9、local authority or by any person other than the person claiming relief”等等。,商务合同与协议的句法特点,修饰成分多而繁杂 多使用长句 为避免造成混乱和误解，句中不用代词 多用被动结构 多用名词化结构 大量状语的使用,长句子的使用,During the validity of this Agreement, Party A refrains from offering the above mentioned goods to other merchants with ports in Country X as ports o

10、f destination, while party B undertakes to refrain from purchasing, pushing sales of or acting as agents for the commodity of other suppliers the same as or similar to that stated in Article 2 and guarantee not to transship in any way the said goods supplied by Party A to any area, where exclusivity

11、 or sales agency has been granted by Party A.,Subject to the provision of Article 12，the General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation，regardless of origin，which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations，including situati

12、ons resulting from a violation of the provision of the present charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.,该句独立成段，句子主干部分占不到全句的三分之一，其余皆为限定和修饰成分，短语有“subject to the provision of Article 12”和“regardless of origin”，从句有“which”从句，“which”从句还有它自己的修饰成分，由“including”引导。我们只有理解了这些结构之间

13、的逻辑关系，才能正确的进行翻译。当然，前面所谈的状语的翻译技巧在翻译长句时也是必不可少的。 “大会对于其所认为足以妨害国际间公共福利或友好关系之任何情势，不论其起源如何，包括由违反本宪章所在联合国之宗旨及原则而其之情势，得建议和平调整方法，但以不违背第十二条之规定为限。”,多用被动结构,原文：建设工程必须按照抗震设防要求和抗震设计规范进行抗震设计，并按照抗震设计进行施工（防震减灾法第19条）。 译文：All construction projects shall be designed in compliance with the requirements for fortification

14、against earthquakes and in conformity with the standard aseismatic design and shall be constructed in accordance with the design. 分析：原文虽然为主动结构但是其主语为指事主语而非指人主语，没有明确指认承担法律义务的主体。译文采用被动结构隐藏了法律主体，真实地表达了原文的法律意图：任何建设工程的设计、施工单位和有关人员都可能成为法律义务的主体。,原文：禁止抢采掠青、毁坏母树（种子法第24条）。 译文：Plundering of unripe seeds and doi

15、ng damage to other trees are prohibited. 分析：原文采用否定祈使句来表示对人人都适用的禁止性规范，“抢采”和“毁坏”都是动词，译文将它们分别译成带有名词性质的动名词“plundering”和“doing damage to”就是通过名词化手段模糊和隐藏了动作的行为者，从而弱化了法律行为主体，扩大了法律适用范围，而且使语言更加简练。,Translation,本合同有效从合同生效之日算起共10年,有效期满以后,本合同自动失效.,The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date o

16、f the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become void.,本合同附件是本合同的有效组成部分,与本合同具有同等法律效力.,Any annex is the integral part of this contract. The annex and this contract are equally valid.,为了发展对外贸易,维护对外贸易秩序,促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展,制定本法.,This Law is formulated

17、and enacted in order to develop the foreign trade, safeguard the foreign trade order and promote the sound development of the socialist market economy.,公司的名称应当符合国家的有关规定.公司只能用一个名称.经公司登记机关核准登记的公司名称受法律保护.,A companys name shall be in conformity with the provisions of the relevant laws and regulations issued by the state. A company shall only have one name. A companys name approved and registered by the company registration au