牛津英语7A英语语法过去完成时

1、牛津英语7a英语语法(四) 过去完成时一概念：表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作就用过去完成时。其构成是had（通用于各种人称和数）+动词的过去分词。二句式：1. 陈述句肯定式： 主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他成分they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the school.在他们到达学校之前，他们已经吃早饭了。i had finished writing my homework .我已经写完了我的作文。she had searched the internet for three hours when sh

2、e found the picture当她找到了相片时，她已经在因特网上查询了三个小时。iwent over what i had written again and again so that i wouldnt make any mistakes.我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误2陈述句否定式：主语+had+not+动词的过去分词+其他成分he remembered i hadnt told him the truth yet.我记得我没有告诉他真相。he said that he had never seen such a beautiful girl befor

3、e.他说他以前从来没有看过这样美丽的女孩儿。3一般疑问句: had +主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他成分had you reached the cinema before six oclock?到六点以前，你们已经到达电影院了吗？4. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他成分how many english films had you seen by the end of last term?到上学期期末为止，你们看了多少部英文片？三用法1. 过去完成时常常用在间接引语里，放在 said , told , asked , thought 等过去时动词的后面。这个时态指的

4、是在谈话或产生想法之前已经发生的动作。如：i thought i had returned the book a week before . 我认为我一星期前就已把书还了。he said that he had helped her already . 他说他已经帮助过她。2.在包含有 when , before , after , until 等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是不同时间发生的，那么更先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。如：when i woke up , it had already stopped snowing .我醒来时,雪已经停了.(雪停是发生在我

5、醒来之前,可能刚停不久,也可能停了很久了。)when he had finished his homework he played outside . 他完成作业之后才出去玩儿。（做作业发生在出去玩之前）3表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本”，“未能we had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.4. 过去时与过去完成时的区别：时间点与过去时连用，表示动作发生在这一点上；时间点与过去完成时连用，表示动作完成于这一点上。如：at six ocl

6、ock he did his homework . 他在六点钟做作业。at six oclock he had done his homework . 他在六点钟时已经做完了作业。时间段与过去时连用，表示动作或状态发生在这段时间的某一 点或这段时间的始终；时间段与过去完成时连用，则强调动作或状态在这段时间完成。如：i learned english during my summer holidays . 我在暑假里学过英语。i had learned english during my summer holidays 我在暑假里学会了英语。5过去完成时的时间状语：before, by, unt

7、il , when, after, once, as soon as。he said that he had learned how to cook before.他说他以前学过如何烹饪。by the time he was ten, he had began to make a living by himself. 当他十岁的时候，他开始自己谋生。四注意：1. had no when还没等就2. had no sooner than刚就3. 主语hadhardly(scarcely)过去分词when(before)主语一般过去时。4. 主语hadno sooner过去分词than主语一般过去

8、时。5. it was时间since主语过去完成时练习题 1. tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. a. left； had arrived b. left； arrivedc. had left； had arrived d. had left； arrived2.the pen i _ i _ is on my desk，right under my nose.a. think； lostb. thought； had lostc. think； had lostd. thought；

9、 have lost3.by the end of last year i _ 100 articles.a. have writtenb. wrotec. writtend. had written4_ got into the room，_ the telephone rang.a. he hardly had；thenb. hardly had he；whenc. he had not；thatd. not had he；when5 helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.a. h

10、as left； comesb. left； had comec. had left； camed. had left； would come6. they asked me to have a drink with them. i said that it was at least ten years since i _ a good drink.a. had enjoyedb. was enjoyingc. enjoyedd. had been enjoying7.we _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.a. had learnedb. have learnedc. learnedd. will have learned8. the students _ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _ in the office.a. had written, leftb.were writing, has left c. had written, had leftd. were writing, had left9. they _ the work