无菌技术(+Aseptic+Technique).ppt

1、护理学基础技术Basic Nursing skills,1、Aseptic Technique 无菌技术 2、Injection 注射法 Intradermic Injection 皮内注射 Hypodermic Injection 皮下注射 Intramuscular Injection 肌内注射 Intravenous Injection 静脉注射 3、Intravenous Infusion 输液法,Focus on nursing skills practice, except for the practice class,need more exercise during spare

2、 time.,Requirement,Requirements of practice in class,1、Dress: Wear uniform 、cap and mask 2、Each group leader remind the last one to close the door and window, turn off air condition. 3、Everyone has the responsibility for the care of items in your group, report in time when broken and compensate for

3、it。Put everything in their own place after practicing.,1、Dress: the same mentioned above 2、Getting into other Labs is forbidden 3、Put everything in their own place after practicing. 3、Clean and tidy up the Lab,Requirements of practice in spare time,Time: 2010.9.19-21 Attentions for exam: 1.Late for

4、class(less than 30mins)： 5 points off each time 2.Late for class(more than 30mins )or absent from class ：10 points off each time 3.The eligibility of exam will be cancel if absent from real practice of injection.,Exam,Aseptic Technique,School of Nursing Department of Fundamentals of Nursing Zhou-kex

5、iong 周克雄,无菌技术,Teaching Objectives 1. Understanding the concept: Aseptic technique Aseptic supply Non-aseptic supply Aseptic field Non-aseptic field 2. Elaborating the principles of aseptic technique 3. Applying aseptic techniques correctly and memorizing the precautions 教学目标 1、说出下列概念：无菌技术 无菌物品 非无菌物品

6、 无菌区域 非无菌区域 2、阐述无菌技术的操作原则 3、正确实施操作技术并牢记操作注意事项,Concept Aseptic technique is used to prevent microorganisms from invading human beings, sterile articles and sterile fields from being contaminated during medical procedures and nursing interventions.,概 念 无菌技术是指在医疗、护理操作过程中，防止一切微生物侵入人体和防止无菌物品、无菌区域被污染的技术。,

7、Aseptic supply(无菌物品) are the articles which have been sterilized physically or chemically. Non-aseptic supply (非无菌物品) are the articles which have not been sterilized or these aseptic articles which were been contaminated. Aseptic field(无菌区域) is a sterilized field which has not been contaminated. Non

8、-aseptic field (非无菌区域) is a non-sterilized field or a field sterilized but contaminated again.,无菌物品,经过物理或化学灭菌处理的物品。,无菌区域,经过灭菌处理后未被污染的区域。,非无菌物品（或区域）,未经灭菌处理或虽经过灭菌处理但又被污染的物品（或区域）。,Principle of Aseptic Technique无菌技术操作原则,1.The surroundings should be clean 30 minutes before the aseptic procedures, stop cl

9、eaning the surroundings and minimize moving to prevent dust from floating. (2) Disinfect the surroundings with ultraviolet radiation (3) The field where the aseptic technique is operated should be clean, roomy and dry.,（一）环境清洁,1、无菌操作前半小时停止卫生清扫 工作，减少走动。 2、治疗室、处置室、病室每日进行 紫外线消毒。 3、操作区域要清洁、宽敞、干燥。,2. Doc

10、tor and nurse should put on uniform Put on cap and mask, trim fingernails and wash hands before aseptic procedures, don aseptic gloves if it is necessary.,（二）着装整洁,操作前必须： 洗手, 戴口罩、帽子，修剪指甲；必要时戴手套。,3. Maintenance of aseptic supply (1)Place aseptic articles and non-aseptic articles separately. (2)Keep as

11、eptic articles in sterile containers or sterile packages. (3)Once taken out of the container or package, aseptic article can not be put back even having never been used. (4)There is a label (with the name and sterile date) on the container or package.Expiration date is 7 days. If it comes to the exp

12、iry date or the package is wet, re-sterilize it.,（三）无菌物品的保管,1、无菌物品、非无菌物品分开放置。 2、无菌物品应置于无菌容器或无菌包中。 3、无菌物品一旦取出即使未用也不可放回。 4、无菌物品必须注明名称、灭菌日期。 效期为1周。过期或受潮的无菌物品应 重新灭菌。,4.Applying aseptic technique correctly (1)Keep away from the aseptic field (about 20-30cm) during procedures. (2)Use sterile transfer forc

13、eps or tissue forceps to fetch sterile item. (3)Keep hands,arms and sterile item above the waist level. (4)Do not touch sterile item or field with non-sterile item, hand or forearm. (5)Do not reach across sterile field. (6)Non-sterile item or potential contaminated item is inhibited during aseptic p

14、rocedures. (7)A set of aseptic supply is only used once upon a client.,（四）正确实施无菌技术操作,1、身体与无菌区域保持一定距离。 2、取用无菌物品时必须用无菌持物钳。 3、手臂、无菌物品保持在腰部水平以上。 4、未经消毒的用物、手、手臂不可触及无菌物品。 5、不可跨越无菌区。 6、污染或疑有污染的物品不可使用。 7、一份无菌物品，只供一位病人使用。,Aseptic Techniques, Applying Sterile Transfer Forceps 无菌持物钳的使用 Applying Sterile Contain

15、er 无菌容器的使用 Using Sterile Package 无菌包的使用 Preparing Sterile Therapeutic Tray 无菌盘的准备 Pouring Sterile Solution 取用无菌溶液法 Donning and Taking off Sterile Gloves 戴、脱无菌手套法, Applying Sterile Transfer Forceps 无菌持物钳的使用 【Purpose】 To fetch or transfer sterile article 【Equipment】 (1)Kinds of Transfer Forceps : Thre

16、e-forked forceps(三叉钳) Transfer forceps(持物钳) Long and short tissue forceps (长短、镊),(2) Maintenance methods for the sterile transfer forceps : To soak the sterile transfer forceps in disinfector: a. Container with a big opening and a cover b. The transfer forceps length should be longer (5:3) than the

17、height of the container c. The depth of soaking: The solution level should be 2-3 cm above the joint pivot or 1/2 of the length of the tissue forceps d.Only one forceps in a container e. To disinfect them two times a week,Dry storage Open it before using ,and replace it every 4 hours,存放方法,消毒液保存 盛有消毒

18、液（2%戊二醛）的大口容器中 钳与容器的比例为5:3 浸泡深度为钳轴节以上2-3cm; 镊的1/2 ； 一罐一钳 每周更换灭菌2次 干燥保存 使用前打开，4小时更换1次,Precautions for applying sterile transfer forceps： Five precautions for taking it out and putting it back 1.Do not take it out or put it back to the container from the opening of the closed cover,2.Do not touch the

19、edge of the container,3.Do not touch the part of tissue forceps where is soaked in disinfector,4.Keep the forceps tip downward, do not reverse the direction,5. Do not close the joint pivot after putting it bake,无菌持物钳使用注意事项 取放持物钳“五不”注意事项： 1、不得从孔中取放 2、不得碰及容器口缘 3、手持钳时钳端向下，不得倒转 4、手不得触及钳（镊）的浸泡部分 5、放回容器后不

20、得闭合钳轴,1.Do not use sterile forceps to take non- aseptic supply. 2.Do not use sterile forceps to take oily gauze. 3.Do not use the sterile forceps to do dressing or disinfect skin. 4.Do not fetch the sterile items in the distance . 5.Do not put it back to container if it has been contaminated .,Five

21、precautions for applying transfer forceps,1、不可夹取非无菌物品 2、不可夹取无菌油纱布 3、不得用于皮肤消毒及换药 4、不得到远处取物 5、污染后不得放回,夹取无菌物品“五不”注意事项, Applying Sterile Container 无菌容器的使用 【Purpose】 To conserve sterile article and keep them aseptic,【Equipment】 Groove and tin Sterile therapeutic bowl,Precautions for applying sterile cont

22、ainer,2.Hands or forearms do not reach across sterile field when opening the cover of sterile container.,1.There must be a label on sterile container.,3.When holding a cover or a small containerdo not touch the edge of the cover and the inner side of container,4.When using sterile transfer forceps t

23、o take sterile items from a container, dont touch the edge of the container.,无菌容器使用注意,1、容器应有标记。 2、打开容器(开盖)盖不可在容器上方翻转,手臂不可跨越； 3、手不可触及容器边缘及内面； 4、用钳、镊取物时不可触及容器边缘。, Using Sterile Package 无菌包的使用,【Purpose】 To conserve sterile articles and keep them aseptic 【Equipment】 Thick and tight-woven double-layered

24、wrapper,【Procedure】 Pack package Open sterile package,Precautions for using sterile package,1.A package have been opened ,the remaining items need to be used within 24 hours. 2.If the items are contaminated or the wrapper is wet, re-sterilize them.,无菌包使用注意：,1、无菌包打开后，包内剩余的物品应在24小时内使用。 2、如果包内物品有污染或潮湿，

25、应重新灭菌。, Preparing Sterile Therapeutic Tray 无菌盘的准备 【Purpose】 To lay a sterile therapeutic towel on a clean and dry therapeutic tray to form a sterile field and place sterile items onto it,【Equipment】 Therapeutic tray Sterile therapeutic towel 【Procedure】 Single layer method,Precautions for preparing

26、sterile therapeutic tray,1.Hands dont touch the inner side of the therapeutic towel. 2.Forearms dont reach across sterile therapeutic tray. 3.Do not wet therapeutic tray 4.Keep therapeutic tray sterile for 4 hours.,无菌盘使用注意：,1、手不可触及内面； 2、手臂不可跨越无菌区； 3、无菌盘不可打湿； 4、4小时内使用，有效。, Pouring Sterile Solution取用无

27、菌溶液法,【Purpose】 To be used for medical procedures and nursing interventions 【Equipment】 Sterile solution in a sealed bottle Sterile therapeutic bowl Antiseptic solution（Anerdian） Tin（with swabs） Trash can,Checking: a.The name, dosage, concentration and expiration date of the solution. b. Whether the

28、lid of the bottle is loose, and whether there is any crack on the bottle. c. the quality of the solution (color and clarity).,检查溶液内容： （1）药名、剂量、浓度、有效期。 （2）瓶盖是否松动；瓶身是否有裂纹 （3）溶液质量：（变色、澄清度等）。,Precautions for pouring sterile solution,1.Do not touch the lip of the bottle and the inner side of the rubber l

29、id. 2.Once poured out from bottle,the solution can not pour back again. 3.The solution in the opened bottle can be kept sterile for 24 hours.,取用无菌溶液注意,1、手不可触及瓶口及瓶盖内面； 2、已倒出的无菌溶液不可再倒回瓶中； 3、打开后保存24小时。, Donning and Taking off Sterile Gloves 戴、脱无菌手套法,【Purpose】 To guarantee the sterile effect during the

30、strict medical procedures and nursing interventions 【Equipment】 Packaged sterile gloves,Precautions for donning and taking off sterile gloves,1.When donning and taking off sterile gloves, pull gloves gently. 2.When donning gloves, do not touch any non-sterile item. 3.The ungloved hand can not touch

31、the outside of the other glove. 4.The gloved hand can not touch the inner side of the other glove. 5.Change gloves immediately if they are worn out.,戴、脱无菌手套注意,1、戴时或脱时动作要轻。 2、戴手套时不可触及任何非无菌物品。 3、未戴手套的手不可接触手套的外面。 4、戴手套的手不可接触手套的内面。 5、如手套破损应立即更换。,summary 1.Explain the concept： Aseptic technique Aseptic s

32、upply Non-aseptic supply Aseptic field Non-aseptic field 2.Expound the principle of aseptic technique 3.Master the methods of aseptic technique and the precaution,无菌技术 aseptic technique,概念： 无菌技术是指在医疗、护理操作过程中，防止一切微生物侵入人体和防止无菌物品、无菌区域被污染的技术。,无菌物品,经过物理或化学灭菌处理的物品。,无菌区域,经过灭菌处理后未被污染的区域。,非无菌物品（或区域）,未经灭菌处理或虽经过灭菌处理但又被污染的物品（或区域）。,无菌技术操作原则,（一）环境要清洁 （二）工作人员着装整洁 （三）无菌物品的保管 （四）正确实施无菌技术操作,（一）环境清洁,1、无菌操作前半小时停止卫生清扫 工作，减少走动。 2、治疗室、处置室、病室每日进行 紫外线