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1、Promoting Innovation Via A Balanced PatentSystem平衡的专利制度更能促进创新 Views From AHigh-TechPerspective高科技行业的经验谈 Greg S. Slater师雷德 Vice President, Regulatory Affairs英特尔法律与政策事务副总裁 1Judges Play A Critical RoleIn Achieving Objectives Of Patent Systems法官对于专利制度目标的实现至为关键 Judicial remedies in patent cases are key t

2、o maximizing innovation.专利中司法救济方式适当与否，是能否最大程度促进创新的关键因素 In making such decisions, it is critical to consider the concept of proportionality.考量司法救济方式时， 坚持“比例”观念是关键Patent remedies include “injunctions” and “royalty payments,” with injunctions being all or nothing专利救济主要包括禁令（停止侵权）和支付许可费。而禁令的运用是否适当十分关键：禁令

3、是0或100%的二选一 Injunctions are an Appropriate Remedy In Some Cases, But NOT In Every Case在有些中，禁令是适当的救济手段；但并非在每一个Injunctions may be proper if a patent owner has a中都适当 history of not licensing or a patent is very significant.禁令救济在这样的中或许是合适的：专利所有人从未 授予他人许可，或涉案专利本身十分重要 But injunctions are not proper when s

4、ought merely to extract an unjustified share of a product values by threatening full market exclusion.但禁令救济在这样的中是不适当的：以寻求禁令来威胁将他人完全排挤出市场，从而在产品价值中攫取超过其应得的份额 3To Maximize Innovation, Judges Must Be Empowered ToConsiderWhetherInjunctionsAreProportionalRemedies要实现创新最大化，就必须赋予法官以必要的自由裁量权来考虑禁令救济是否合乎比例原则 “A

5、n injunction under UK law is always a discretionary remedy the remedy to be grantedshould be proportionate.”- Lord Justice Jacob,Virgin Atlantic v. Premium Aircraft (2009)英国：“英国法下禁令从来都是一种由法官自由裁量的救济运用这种救济手段时应当合乎比例。”上诉法官雅各布，Virgin Atlantic v. Premium Aircraft(2009)4Early Products Practiced Only A Few

6、Patents, Making The Product Essentially Equal To The Patent 以前的产品中实施的专利较少， 因而产品本身基本上就等同于相应专利 U.S. 223,898 Patent (Jan. 1880): Thomas Edisons “Electric Lamp”美国223,898号专利（1880年1月）：爱迪生的“电灯” 5Todays High-Tech Products Are Different:They Practice Many Patents今天的高科技产品则大不一样：每一件产品都实施着大量专Animation: Click to

7、Play6Such High-Tech Products Require Us To More Carefully Consider When Injunctions Are Appropriate这些高科技产品促使我们必须更审慎地考虑什么时候禁令才是适当的 100%of all Profit全部利润 Business value of the patented technology 涉案专利技术的 商业价值 Value awarded due to injunction有禁令时，该专利攫取的价值 7High-Tech Products AlsoRequire A More Careful A

8、pproach to Damages高科技产品还要求在计算损害赔偿时采用更审慎的方法 Battery/ Power ManagementHigh-tech products include many technologies, both patented and unpatented.CameraEncryptionOperating SystemWi-Fi Chip高科技产品中包含着众多技术，既有专利技术，也有非专利技术。 USBCPUHard DriveEthernetMemory/RAMA single patent may be only a very small part of th

9、e total product value.Graphics CardThousands of Technologies and Over 300 Industry Standards in a Laptop一台笔记本电脑要符合300多项产业标准，用到成千上万项技术 单项专利可能在产品价值中只占很小一部分 8As With Injunctions, Damages Should Embrace Proportionality Concepts如同禁令一样，损害赔偿也应当考虑比例原则We must carefully separate the value contributed by the p

10、atented technology from the value contributed by other technologies.Accused Product被控侵权产品 应当仔细区分涉案专利贡献的价值与其它技术贡献的价值Failure to do so gives patent holders an unjustified, and disproportionate, windfall. This harms innovation by allowing a patent holder to capture value created by others.否则，会给专利持有人以不正当

11、的、不成比例的意外之财；相当于让专 利持有人攫取他人创造的价值，因而会损害创新 The entity who pays the patent holder excessive royalties has less money to invest in R&D.Infringing Element侵权特征 向专利持有人支付过高许可费，会挤占、压缩研发投资9Judges Maximize Innovation ByEnsuring “Strong And Balanced” Remedies法官通过确保“有力而平衡的”救济可促进创新最大化Courts should be empowered to

12、decide when injunctions are proper under a standard considers proportionality应当赋予法庭以必要的裁量权，使其根据包含比例原则的明确标准来决定禁令是否适当Courtsmustensuredamages fairly reward a patent owner for the value he created, but not for value he did not法庭应确保所的损害赔偿可以公平地补偿专利所有人所创造的价值，但不应包含并非由专利所有人所创造的价值 10Standards Provide Critical

13、 Interoperability:A special Case for Proportionality标准保证互操作性：比例原则的一个典型应用 现代科技要求互操作性。不同公司制造的不同产品必须能够一起有效地工作。Competing Principles: Patents vs. Standards不同的原则需要调和：专利与标准 禁止入内欢迎入内Solution 解决方法:Owners of Standardized Patents Must License Them on FRAND* Basis标准必要专利的所有者应当以FRAND *方式许可其标准必要专利 FRAND*: Fair, reasonable and non-discriminatoryFRAND是“公平、合理、无歧视”的缩写 12Poor Quality Patents 低质量专利（垃圾专利） Good Patent Policy Balances Encouraging Innovation Versus Allowing Everyone To Use Technology良好的专利政策应当在如下二者间平衡：鼓励创新，以及允许技术的广泛运用