英语六级翻译.ppt

1、翻译技巧及训练,一、解题步骤 1. 确定句型 2. 确定时态 3. 确定修饰核心词汇、组句 4. 审校,真题详解,Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路).,真题详解,解题步骤: 第一步：由he had no trouble 可以推出划线处应该填写in doing sth,真题详解,第二步： 切块对应翻译： “找到路”= find the way / road to “历史博古馆”the History Museum,真题详解,正确答案： (in) finding the/his way to the

2、 History Museum 翻 译： 他在这个城市已经呆了一段时间，因此毫不费力就找到了去历史博物馆的路。 考察知识点：词组固定搭配 have (no) trouble (in) doing sth“做某事有(无)困难”,真题详解,The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.,真题详解,解题步骤: 第一步：由The professor required that ,可以推出，划线处应该填写句子，并且是虚拟语气。 （句型和时态）,真题详解,第二步： 切块对应翻译： “交”= hand in； “研究报告”=research repor

3、ts,真题详解,正确答案：we (should) hand in our research reports 翻 译： 教授要求我们在周三之前叫研究报告 考察知识点： 虚拟语气 require等词+(should)do sth,二、知识点 （一）、句子结构（句型） （二）、固定搭配,1.语法讲解：“虚拟语气”,注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式： 第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do- If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。,(2). 与过去的事实相反：If

4、 - + had done-, - +would have done- If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。,(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：If -+ should do/were to do-, -+ would do- If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?,If you had _(听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦). followed/taken my advice, you would not

5、 have run into trouble.,第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等动词的宾语从句中 从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。,这样用法的动词有： demand (要求), desire (要求、请求), request (请求), require (需要、要求), suggest (建议), advise (建议), recommend(推荐), advocate ( 拥护、提倡), propose (建议), order(命令), command (命令), prefer (宁愿), insist (坚持), maintai

6、n(坚决主张),Most educators advice that kids (不要沉溺于电脑游戏). 沉溺：be addicted to; indulge oneself in; abandon oneself to; should not indulge themselves in computer games.,第三种：用在“It + be +necessary, natural, essential, strange, desirable, surprising, vital, advisable, eager, possible, probable, preferable, urg

7、ent”结构中的that 引导的从句中,I dont think it advisable that parents_(剥夺孩子的自由) to spend their spare time as they wish. (should) deprive their children of freedom,第四种：用在It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。 注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。,第五种：c

8、ould/would/should have done “本可以做某事”，表示与过去事实相反。 The manager_(本可以亲自参加会议), but he was called away for some urgent business abroad. could have attended the meeting in person,The pills (本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的), but he didnt follow the doctors advice and take them regularly. could have cured the cancer patient,第六

9、种：含蓄条件句，即句中的非真实条件句不表现出来，而是通过介词或介词短语表达。这样的介词有：or, otherwise, without, but for.,Mary couldnt have received my letter,_(否则她上周就该回信了). or/otherwise she could have replied to me last week. =if she had received my letter,Example: But for your help, I would not have finished it in time. but for=without,含蓄虚拟

10、条件，主句为would have done。 =if you had not helped me, ,But for mobile phones, _(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便). our communication would not have been so prompt/efficient and convenient.,2. 倒装结构,第一种： Never, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, only+状语, in no case, by no means, on no account, under no circumstances, not unti

11、l,Never once _(老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago. has the old couple quarreled with each other,By no means (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot about the field. does he consider himself (to be) an expert,Only when I reached my thirties (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的). 忽视：ignore, neglect, overlook, lose s

12、ight of. did I realize that reading could not be neglected,练习 The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎). should he lie to the court,第二种： As 引导让步状语从句，句子需倒装，意为“尽管，虽然” Much (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. regretted as I felt 状语成分+as+主语+谓语,3.形式宾语和从句,We found it imp

13、ortant to give them more chances in spoken English. She decided to go on a diet, but_ (发现很难抵制冰激凌的诱惑). found it difficult to resist the temptation of ice cream./found that it was difficult to resist,定语从句： We can say a lot of things about those (毕生致力于诗歌的人). 致力于：devote/dedicateto who devote their whole

14、 lives to poetry,4.被动,It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利). are deprived of the right to receive education,with+宾语+补足成分，当补足成分是动词时，可以是现在分词或过去分词。宾语与动词构成主动关系时用现在分词，被动关系时用过去分词。 I cant do my homework with the noise going on.,After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was

15、laid on education, with _(男孩和女孩都鼓励去上学). boys and girls encouraged to go to school,5. 情态动词、不定式、连词,must have done: 推测过去可能发生的事情(可能性大) Oh, my, I cant find my key; (我一定是把它忘在哪儿了). I must have left it somewhere,must be 对现在事情的肯定推测 When people say, ”I can feel my ears burning”, it means they think (一定有人在说他们的

16、坏话). 说坏话：speak ill of sb.; speak evil of sb.; talk behind sbs back; there must be someone who is speaking ill of them,might have done You shouldnt have run across the road without looking. You (也许会被车撞倒的). 撞倒某人:knock sb. over/down might have been knocked over by a car,不定式的完成式，不定式的动作应当在谓语表示的动作之前完成。 Be

17、 supposed /said /reported /thought /expected/believed/considered/known to have done,Nancy is supposed to_(做完化学实验) at least two weeks ago. have finished the chemical experiment = People supposed that Nancy had finished .,The war left the family scattered all over the world, and it was thirty years (他

18、们才得以重聚). before they were able to reunite.,The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, (但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因). 对作出解释: make an explanation for sth/doing sth; give reasons for; account for. but he refused to make further explanation.,Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _(而动物的行为主要依靠本能). while an

19、imals behavior mainly depends on their instinct.,He doesnt appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him, (把他们所做的视作理所当然). and he takes what they have done for granted,6.强调句,It is/was+强调部分+that It is/was not until +强调部分+that. _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. It was not until the deadline t

20、hat he sent out/posted,（二） 固定搭配,融和为一体，把A和B结合起来 combine A and B make a combination of A and B 把美观和功能结合起来,(他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. Their only son has never thought Never has their only son thought,Business major as he is, he has (从未考虑过从事推

21、销员的工作). never considered working as a salesman,a sense of +抽象名词 Keeping a sense of humor helps to reduce stress. a sense of honor; a sense of depression; a sense of belonging;,_(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于) the quality of education of its people. to a large/great extent, the future prosperity of a country de

22、pends on,How long does a jacket like this last me?-_(这要看你多长时间穿一次). It depends on how often you wear it,to ones + 抽象名词：使(令）某人的是; to my surprise/delight/ disappointment/regret/ relief/joy much to my surprise =to my great surprise,Much (使研究人员感动惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they

23、 had expected. to the researchers surpirse,违背承诺 break ones promise/commitment He assured his friend that under no circumstances (他会违背还钱的承诺). would he break his promise to pay back the money keep ones promise; make a promise;,It is (very/really) kind of sb to do sth. It is (你真好，给了我那么多帮助); I really fe

24、el obliged to you. very kind of you to give me so much help,cannot be too + adj. 再.也不为过 There is no denying that you (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter. cannot be too careful,be essential/vital/crucial/necessary to sth 对必不可少 Both research and practical experience have shown that a (均 衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的)

25、. balanced diet is essential to health,have (no choice but) to do sth 不得不 When confronted with the evidence, (他不得不坦白自己的罪行). he had no choice but to confess his criminal behavior,take sth. for granted He doesnt appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him, (把他们所做的视作理所当然). and he takes what

26、they have done for granted,Fifty years ago (人们理所当然的认为) that marriage was the goal of every young womans inmost thought. people took it for granted it was taken for granted,would rather do than do 宁愿也不愿 I (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday. would rather join you to work as volunteers,Eve

27、n though they were already late, they (宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色) than just go on. would rather stop to enjoy the beautiful view/scenery,would rather + that （虚拟语气句型） 从句谓语用一般过去时表示现在或将来 He would rather the woman didnt buy the blouse. (091217) Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend.,如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经

28、发生的事情在选择上不恰当，从句使用过去完成时。 Janet told me that she would rather her mother (不干涉她的婚姻). 干涉：interfere with hadnt interfered with her marriage,find oneself doing 发现自己正在做某事 To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship, Edward found himself (经常上网查找信息). surfing the Internet frequently for information

29、,The auto manufacturer found themselves (正在同外国公司竞争市场份额). 同sb.竞争sth: compete with sb for sth. competing with foreign companies for market share,说服某人不做某事 talk sb. out of doing sth. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk (说服他不买车). him out of buying a car talk sb. into doing sth. talk sense

30、into sb.,更别提，更不用说(0706) let alone; not to mention; not to speak of Our years of hard word are all in vain, _(更别提我们所花费的大量金钱了). let alone the large amount of money we have spent,强化练习,1.I dont mind your _（你延期做出决定） the decision as long as it is not too late.,强化练习,delaying making 超级单词 mind作及物动词，后面通常接名词、代

31、词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。 延期：put off/postpone/delay后接动词时，应该接动词的ing形式。,强化练习,2.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_（起着不可缺少的作用） in raising children.,强化练习,play indispensable roles 超级短语play a part/role in起着作用，饰演的角色。,强化练习,3.Mark often_ （试图逃脱罚款） whenever he breaks traffic regulations.,强化练习

32、,tries/attempts to escape being fined attempts to escape punishment 超级单词escape后面要接动名词形式。常与介词from搭配，如He has escaped from the fire.,强化练习,4.When I _ （发现他骗我） I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.,强化练习,caught /found him cheating me 超级句型find/catch+宾语+宾补,如I found him standing

33、 by the river.,强化练习,5._(为了人民的健康), measures are being taken to control and prevent pollution.,为了 for 或 for the sake of 人民身体的健康 peoples health For the sake of peoples health,强化练习,6. Some developing countries cannot even support their present populations, _ (更不用说将来过多的人口了）.,更不用说 let alone, not to speak

34、of, not to mention 过多的人口 overpopulation/more population let alone the overpopulation in the future.,强化练习,7. Only by being in good shape _(一个人才可能去学习、工作、享乐).,Only 置于句首，可知该句需要倒装 can one expect to study, work and enjoy himself.,8. We must realize that TV itself is neither good nor bad, _(它对人和社会的价值取决于我们如

35、何看待它）.,对价值 value to 取决于 depend on 看待它 look at it and its value to people and society depends on how we look at it,9. The most striking difference between home life and dormitory life is _(学生必须开始对自身的行为承担责任）.,分析题干可知，所译部分在句中充当表语从句 承担责任 take responsibility (for） 自身的行为ones own action that students must b

36、egin to take responsibility for their own actions.,10. Being out of work and having two young children, _(夫妻俩发现勉强维持生计是不可能的). the couple found it impossible to make ends meet,11. Most people in the modern world _(珍视自由和独立胜过其他一切). cherish freedom and independence more than anything else,比较级 In handling

37、 an embarrassing situation, (没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了). (0712) nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor,强化练习（2）,1. With the improvement of our living standards, people are _(越来越重视健康了）.,越来越 more and more 重视 attach importance to / think much of attaching more and more importance to their health.,2. He fina

38、lly realized _(他们应当采取有效措施来应对这个局面）.,采取有效措施 take effective measures to do sth 应对 cope with/ deal with/ tackle 局面 situation that they should take effective measures to cope with the situation.,3. _(撒谎又有什么用呢）, if she has learned everything?,Whats the good of lying Whats the use of lying,4. Joe is not go

39、od at sports, But_(当说到数学时), he is the best in the class.,when it comes to math,5. To make a wise choice, _(必须把两个重要因素考虑进去）.,two important factors should be taken into consideration,6. As royal Chinese citizens, _(我们必须对国家有强烈的责任感）.,We must have a strong sense of responsibility to our country,7. I would

40、 never have _(告到法院）if I hadnt been so desperate.,“求助于，诉诸于” resort to resorted to a court of law,8. It is high time that _(终止这种做法）.,such practices were ended/stopped,9. By the time he arrives in Beijing, _(我们就已在这里呆两天了）.,by the time后接表示将来时间的词、短语或一个表示将来动作的从句时，主句要用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，故谓语动词应为 will hav

41、e stayed we will have stayed here for two days,10. After the terrorist attack, tourists _(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游). were advised not to make a trip to that country for the time being,11. Only in the small town _(她才感到安全和放松). can she feel safe and relaxed,强化练习（3）,1. Neither my friend nor I _（能说服他接受我们的建议）. was ab

42、le to persuade him to accept our advice/suggestion. 2. Despite all the advantages, _(计算机绝对不能代替人脑）. computers can never take the place of human brains. (replace),3. However, the limited productivity and scarce resources_(几乎难以满足日益增加的人口需求）. can hardly meet the needs of the ever-increasing population,4.

43、 _(人们普遍认为) that language is developing and changing all the time. It is widely believed ( it is said that, it is reported that) 5.His failure in the exam_(由于上课注意力不集中） results from the lack of concentration in class,6. He saved the child_(冒着自己的生命危险） at the risk of his own life 7. _(这名罪犯必须付出巨大的代价) as

44、the result of his robbery. The criminal must pay a heavy price,8. Most students found that Aristotles philosophical thinking was _(远比他们所想的复杂). far more complicated than they had thought,9. The workmen think _(遵守安全规则很重要). it very important to comply with the safety regulations/ that it was very impor

45、tant to,10. When interviewed, _(这位著名的科学家将自己的成功归因于勤奋工作). 把归因于，把归属于 ascribeto;attributeto;oweto the famous scientist ascribed his success to hard working.,强化练习（4）,1. The agency must _(提交一份年度预算表) the board each July. submit/hand in an annual budget to,2. All employees are _(每年都享有三个星期的假期). 享有be entitled to sth. enjoy多用于主动 entitled to three weeks of vacation each year,3. It is believed that the authorities _(正在考虑征收新的税款以增加税收). 考查时态和核心动词 impose tax on sb