Gothic_novel哥特式小说(英文) 2 - 副本.ppt

1、Gothic fiction,Gothic fiction as one branch of the English literature and the father of horror movies origins from The Castle of Otranto(1764). More importantly, it leads habitually with darkness and horror. Gothic elements include horror, mystery, supernatural phenomenon, misfortune, death, haunted

2、 houses, and family curses.,Gothic architecture,the style of Rome inherited the line shape of helicopter, high minarets artistic Conception. The following are some arechitecture Of Gothic style.,Gothic architecture,Gothic elements include the following:,1. Setting in a castle. The action takes place

3、 in and around an old castle, sometimes seemingly abandoned, sometimes occupied. The castle often contains secret passages, trap doors, secret rooms, dark or hidden staircases, and possibly ruined sections. The castle may be near or connected to caves, which lend their own haunting flavor with their

4、 branchings, claustrophobia, and mystery.,2. An atmosphere of mystery and suspense（悬念）. The work is pervaded by a threatening feeling, a fear enhanced by the unknown. Often the plot itself is built around a mystery, such as unknown parentage, a disappearance, or some other inexplicable event. Elemen

5、ts 3, 4, and 5 below contribute to this atmosphere. (Again, in modern filmmaking, the inexplicable events are often murders.),3. An ancient prophecy（预言） is connected with the castle or its inhabitants (either former or present). The prophecy is usually obscure, partial, or confusing. What could it m

6、ean? In more watered down modern examples, this may amount to merely a legend: Its said that the ghost of old man Krebs still wanders these halls.,4. Omens, portents, visions（预兆）. A character may have a disturbing dream vision, or some phenomenon may be seen as a portent of coming events. For exampl

7、e, if the statue of the lord of the manor falls over, it may portend his death. In modern fiction, a character might see something (a shadowy figure stabbing another shadowy figure) and think that it was a dream. This might be thought of as an imitation vision.,5. Supernatural（超自然的） or otherwise ine

8、xplicable（莫名其妙的） events. Dramatic, amazing events occur, such as ghosts or giants walking, or inanimate objects (such as a suit of armor or painting) coming to life. In some works, the events are ultimately given a natural explanation, while in others the events are truly supernatural.,6. High, even

9、 overwrought（过度紧张） emotion. The narration may be highly sentimental, and the characters are often overcome by anger, sorrow, surprise, and especially, terror. Characters suffer from raw nerves and a feeling of impending doom. Crying and emotional speeches are frequent. Breathlessness and panic are c

10、ommon. In the filmed gothic, screaming is common.,7. Women in distress（危险，困难）. As an appeal to the pathos and sympathy of the reader, the female characters often face events that leave them fainting, terrified, screaming, and/or sobbing. A lonely, pensive, and oppressed heroine is often the central

11、figure of the novel, so her sufferings are even more pronounced and the focus of attention. The women suffer all the more because they are often abandoned, left alone (either on purpose or by accident), and have no protector at times.,8. Women threatened by a powerful, impulsive（冲动）, tyrannical（专横）

12、male. One or more male characters has the power, as king, lord of the manor, father, or guardian, to demand that one or more of the female characters do something intolerable. The woman may be commanded to marry someone she does not love (it may even be the powerful male himself), or commit a crime.

13、,9. The metonymy（转喻） of gloom（阴暗，忧郁） and horror（恐惧）. Metonymy is a subtype of metaphor, in which something (like rain) is used to stand for something else (like sorrow). For example, the film industry likes to use metonymy as a quick shorthand, so we often notice that it is raining in funeral scenes

14、. Note that the following metonymies for doom and gloom all suggest some element of mystery, danger, or the supernatural.,The Romantics,Further contributions to the Gothic genre were provided in the work of the Romantic poets. Prominent examples include Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and

15、 Christabel and Keats La Belle Dame sans Merci which feature mysteriously fey ladies Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1818) has come to define Gothic fiction in the Romantic period.,Victorian Gothic,An important and innovative reinterpreter of the Gothic in this period was Edgar Allan Poe who believed th

16、at terror is not of Germany, but of the soul. His story The Fall of the House of Usher (1839) explores these terrors of the soul whilst revisiting classic Gothic tropes of aristocratic decay, death, and madness,The influence of Byronic Romanticism evident in Poe is also apparent in the work of the B

17、ront sisters. Emily Bronts Wuthering Heights (1847) transports the Gothic to the forbidding Yorkshire Moors and features ghostly apparitions The 1880s, saw the revival of the Gothic as a powerful literary form allied to fin de siecle decadence, which fictionalized contemporary fears like ethical deg

18、eneration and questioned the social structures of the time.,Classic works of this Urban Gothic include Robert Louis Stevensons Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde(罗伯特路易斯史蒂文森 奇特的化身博士与海德先生 )(1886), Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray(奥斯卡王尔德 在道林格雷的画像 ) George du Mauriers Trilby(乔治杜的 毡帽 ), Henry J

19、ames The Turn of the Screw (亨利詹姆斯 的螺丝拧紧 )and the stories of Arthur Machen(阿瑟梅琴 ),In America, two notable writers of the end of the 19th century, in the Gothic tradition, were Ambrose Bierce(安布罗斯比尔斯 ) and Robert W. Chambers(罗伯特钱伯斯 ). Bierces short stories were in the horrific and pessimistic traditio

20、n of Poe. Chambers, though, indulged in the decadent style of Wilde and Machen (even to the extent of having a character named Wilde in his The King in Yellow).,Post-Victorian legacy,Notable English twentieth century writers in the Gothic tradition include Algernon Blackwood, William Hope Hodgson, M. R. James, Hugh Walpole, and M