定语从句笔记

1、定语从句。一、定语从句及相关术语1、定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修 饰的先行词后面。2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词有where, when，why等。3、关系词的作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担 当一个成分。4、定语从句存在的条件：先行词 + 关系词（有的版本作关联词）+ 从句5、分类：定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who a

2、re playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is m

3、y friend3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(2) Where is

4、 the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，体现从句主语和先行词之间的所属关系。(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen down.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is

5、broken will soon be repaired.(4) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?三、注意介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导。(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.= The school in which he once studied is very famous.（物：介词+w

6、hich）(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(3) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.= Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. （人：介词+whom）1. 含有

7、介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. （对）(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. （错）2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that； 指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. （对）(2) The man with who

8、/that you talked is my friend. （错）(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. （对）(4) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. （错）3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词。(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to

9、 him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class. In all, most of whom are from big cities.四、关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.（when = on which） （注意区别：I cant forget th

10、e days that / which we spent together. （”spend”是及物动词）(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (= in which)(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. (where=in which)3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me th

11、e reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Grea

12、t changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 五、定语从句中关系代词that和which 的用法区别 1、不用that的情况 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 在不定代词后，如：anythin

13、g, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last, just，every, any, all, some, no 修饰时，只用that。 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。 先行词既有人，又有物时。 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时 为了避免重复 先行词是the way时 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，只能用that。六、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全

14、取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This i

15、s the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能 正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was h

16、eld.A. where B. thatC. on whichD. the one例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 分析：在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省 略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, w