完形填空解题技巧

1、,完 形 填 空,2017高考专题复习之,完形填空 鹤壁高中 陈致玲,【考纲要求与说明】,完形填空全面考查学生在阅读理解基础之上运用词汇和语法的能力和水平。 解题过程要求考生根据文章的整体内容，区分结构的层次和内容的逻辑关系，对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。阅读过程中多注意体会作者的写作意图，加强分析推理能力。,1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合; 2. 篇章短小, 意义完整; 3. 首句完整, 主题明确; 4. 结构清晰, 层次分明; 5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析; 6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅; 7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇; 8

2、. 常识语法, 经常出现。,形散意不散 貌离神不离,【高考完型命题特点】,2017,记叙文,2016,记叙文,2015,记叙文（夹叙夹议）,奉献爱心，助人为乐。（赠人玫瑰，手留余香）,【近三年全国卷体裁题材特点】,【近三年全国卷考点分布】,主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词， 占90% 以上。,原词复现,同义、近义复现,并列关系,转折关系,让步关系,解释关系,语法项目较少考查,顺序关系,因果关系,词汇手段,语法手段,逻辑手段,语篇信息（语境理解）,考查内容,备战完形填空能力必备,一、快速阅读能力 二、词汇辨析能力 三、词汇搭配的理解能力 四、逻辑推断能力 五、运用常识能力 六、揣测作者意图的能力

3、,技巧点拨,1. 注意上下文语境（context) 词汇复现、同现 2.运用词义辨析 （comparison） 3.掌握习惯搭配（phrases recite背诵; discuss讨论.48 题和49题手部动作和无须用语言交流的想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。,2. I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling

4、 lonely.1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired,解析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知答案为D. tired，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；,3.( 2017全国卷II) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day 27kids_ “The Thinking Laboratory. A. built B. entered C. decorated D.ran,解析：根据上文一句，作者在一所小学教学，孩子门当然是每天进入（enter）思想实验室了。built 建造;

5、 decorate 装饰； run跑步，经营,4.(2014全国卷I）My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 (challenges) , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome. 54. A. forgotten B. repeated C. conducted D. finished,语境-

6、词义辨析,3.习惯用法和 固定搭配,31,1. (2013 江西) “You shouldnt swim that day, ” the man 45 (advised ) . “There is a storm coming up.” “You should mind your own 46 !” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves. 46.A. business B. Swimsuit C. friends D. parents,Mind your own business! 不要多管闲事！,2. (2014全国I) For exa

7、mple, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. 43. A. workingB. livingC. playing D. going,语境-固定搭配,play with(toys),33,3.(2012全国新课标) Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36 than words 36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. fu

8、rther,Action speaks louder than words.,习语谚语:事实胜于雄辩,4.熟词生义,1.One afternoon，the headmaster called my friend to discuss one essay with him in a lively spirit. “I was interested in this48 you make here. I think you might have gone further. Tell me what you had in your mind.”A.aim B. goal C. point D. opi

9、nion,point 观点，要点,2.He came back to me like a man who had had a very narrow 54 and I made up my mind to make every effort to study my translations.A.surprise B.escape C.hope D.chance,narrow adj.勉强的，好不容易的a narrow victory 险胜,3.Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the So

10、uth Pole, they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had beatenthem in the race to be the first ever to reach it. After37the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves beforethey started the 950-mile journey back. A. growing B. putting C. plantingD. laying,plant vt. 立稳，竖立，安放,4.Today I decided

11、 to look up the word “hero” in the dictionary to see exactly what it meant. It_ “a person who does something brave”. As I read on, it also said “a person who is good and noble” A.wrote B.told C.described D.read,read vt.(指示牌等)写着，（仪器等）显示,5.He thenreturned to his office,satisfiedthat if a picture is wo

12、rth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good31! He sat down with a smile.His wife32those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married A.description B.preparation C.excuse D.lectureA.tored B.saved C.developed D.destroyed,lecture n. 教训，训斥

13、 save v. 保留，保存,4.生活常识和 文化背景,1.（2013全国卷I） As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42（locked） . 41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight,生活常识,常识、背景知识,2. Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three , my parents f

14、lashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pushed them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custom B. games C .characters D. language,3： It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their1 . This was the beginning of another 2 day in New York City.1

15、. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary,解析：按生活经验，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是D. ordinary。,A. jobs,D. ordinary,4. When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious_13(burn)_ after a bowl of hot oil fell on my head. I was _14_ to hospital and had t

16、o stay there for weeks while the doctors _15_for my life. 14.A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced 15.A. learned B. fought C. returned D.decided,解析：根据背景常识，在孩子受伤后，肯定会被快速送往医院。rush 急忙地送（。到某地）。急诊病人被送医院后，医生定会竭尽全力抢救。fight 为而战，为而努力争取。,1.语法手段,2.逻辑手段,句际关系,1.语法手段,（2015全国卷I） When I handed him the gift card, sa

17、ying he could use it for _54_ his family might need, he burst into tears. 54A. whoeverB. whatever C. whicheverD. whenever,语法-连接代词,逻辑手段,2.逻辑手段,让步关系,转折关系,因果关系,解释关系,顺序关系,并列关系,识别语篇标志,理清逻辑关系 语篇关系是指句群,段落,篇章之间的关系。联系他们之间的词语被称为语篇标志词。 常见的语篇标志性的词语有以下几种: 顺序关系:firstly,secondly,thirdly等; 因果关系:thus,therefore,so等;

18、递进关系:besides,whats more,further等; 转折关系:but,while,yet,however等 做完型时,如果能充分利用这些标志性词语,就能迅速理请文章的脉络,弄清上下文关系。,1. (2017全国卷I) Yet instead of being discouraged by my _progress, I excited. A. slow B.stead C.normal D.obvious,转折关系,2. Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37(special) .

19、 He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise,转折关系,3.（2013全国卷I） My hands started to ache as I 51 (turned) the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 (direction) of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 53 task. 53. A. easy B

20、. heavy C. major D. extra,因果关系,4.(2014全国卷I) The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones 47 （passing） interest. 46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collectedD. half-filled,同类并列关系,5. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in

21、 your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally,顺序关系,失分原因: know why,出错主要原因有两类：一是：基础知识不牢，词汇障碍严重。二是文章整体阅读能力低。因此完形填空的训练重在落实，体现在：全篇主要意思是否明白；重要动词（或短语）是否会用；中西文化背景是否清楚；语境中词语筛选是否合理；是否根据常识进行推理；惯用法及搭配是否恰当；是否纠正了平

22、时的习惯错误。,如何提高能力技巧,一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解） 二、打好语法基础 （固定搭配） 三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词） 四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好 五、多做多练，以提高实战能力,复习备考 首先要熟练地掌握学过的全部语法知识，牢记习惯用法。特别是动词短语；注意对动词、名词、形容词、副词等词汇意义的真正理解，要懂得词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬及一定的修辞色彩。注意它们的同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨析。其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，多阅读一些短文，增强英文阅读能力，提高理解能力,【真题演练 】,新课标2015全国卷I,解题三部曲：读-填-读,My kids and I were

23、heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a 42 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind.In the store,

24、 I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would 46. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice.,41. A. Quit B. Changed C. Lost D. Finished 42. A. condition B. place C. sight D. show 43. A. suggestion B.comment C. decision D. call 44. A. by B. proudly C. outside

25、D. angrily 45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick 46. A. appreciate B. supply C. order D. discover,语境、词义,上下文,Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47. I thought about it. We were 48 on cash ourselves, butwell, sometimes 49 from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do! All the

26、kids 51 something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of 52, he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 his family might need, he burst into tears.,47. A. dollarB. job C. hot mealD. gift card 48. A. easyB. low C. soft D. loose 49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging 50. A. yetB. even C. still D. just 51. A. declared B. shared C. ignoredD. expected 52. A. food