精密机械加工工艺外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

1、外文资料Precision Machining TechnologyIn the machining process the work piece by the cutting force, centrifugal force, inertia force, such as the role of, in order to ensure that these external force, the workpiece can remain in the fixture by the positioning of the processing to determine the location

2、of components, and should be no vibration or displacement, fixture structure should be set up reliable work piece clamping device folder will be in prison. First, the composition of clamping devices Many different types of clamping devices, but their structures are composed of two parts. 1. Power pl

3、ant The source of clamping force, one human; second is generated by a power device.The device can generate power as the power unit fixture. Commonly used in power plant are: pneumatic devices hydraulic devices electrical devices electromagnetic devices gas - liquid interaction devices and vacuum dev

4、ices. Fixture as a result of manual clamping force from the human so it does not power plants. 2. Clamping part Receive and impart into the original clamping force to clamp the task force and part of the implementation of the general composition of the following agencies: 1) to accept the original f

5、orce of bodies. Such as handles nuts and used to connect the institutions such as cylinder piston rod. 2) Force the middle of delivery. Such as hinges levers and so on. 3) Clamping components. Such as plate such as screws. Force delivery of them in the middle of the original transmission of force to

6、 the process of clamping devices can play such as changes in the direction of force to change the size of forces as well as the role of self-locking and so on. Second the basic requirements for clamping device Without damaging the work piece positioning accuracy and quality assurance process under t

7、he premise of clamping devices should be enabled to: 1. The size of the appropriate clamping force. It is necessary to ensure that the work piece in the whole process of its stable position vibration small but also so that the work piece does not produce excessive clamping deformation. 2. Technology

8、 is good. The complexity of the clamping device should be suited to the production of the Program to ensure production efficiency its structure should be kept simple easy to manufacture and maintenance. 3. Good use. The operation of clamping device should be convenient safe and labor-saving. Third t

9、he basic Clamp The original force into a clamping force through the clamping body to achieve.Among the many institutions in the clamping wedge oblique spiral and by their eccentric combination of the most common application of clamping. (A) Wedge Clamp Wedge used as components or transmission of the

10、 clamping device clamping body known as the Wedge Clamp. Wedge clamping directly the oblique wedge of the self-locking conditions are:Wedge angle smaller than the work piece Wedge Wedge and folders between the concrete and the friction angle. Namely: a f1+f2 In order to ensure a reliable self-lockin

11、g manual clamping generally take a =6 8 . Using pneumatic or hydraulic device drivers do not need the self-locking oblique wedge it is desirable to a =15 35 . Wedge clamp is simple in structure than by large self-locking features such as performance it is widely available. (B) Helical Clamp Used as

12、intermediate screw transmission components are collectively referred to as the clamping screw clamping body organs. Because of its simple structure reliable clamping common good and as a result of the small helix angle spiral of self-locking clamping body good clamping force and the clamping itinera

13、ry are larger fixture on manual with the most a clamping body. 1. Simple screw clamp body The simplest spiral as a result of the direct use of clamping bodies pressed workpiece screw head so easy to damage the surface of the work piece under pressure or driven rotating work piece. So often in the he

14、ad with swinging Press. Press with the work piece as a result of friction between the Press and the torque is greater than the friction between the screw torque screw together with the Press will not rotate.Clamping action slow time-consuming loading and unloading the work piece is a single spiral A

15、nother drawback of the Clamp. To overcome this shortcoming the rapid clamping bodies can be. 2. Clamp screw plate Institutions in the clamping the use of spiral plate is very common common structure of the spiral structure of a typical plate size has been standardized the designer can refer to the r

16、elevant national standards and fixture design manual design. Eccentric Clamp With eccentric pieces, directly or indirectly, the work piece clamping body, known as the eccentric clamping body. There are two types of eccentric pieces, that is, and the curve of eccentricity eccentric circle, which, due

17、 to a round eccentric structure is simple and easy to manufacture and is widely used. Eccentric clamping processing is easy to operate, rapid clamp, the disadvantage of clamping force and clamping trip are small. Not generally used in cutting force, vibration small there is no centrifugal force of t

18、he impact of the processing. 1. Round the working principle of eccentric 2. Eccentric clamping round trip and paragraph 3. Eccentric self-locking condition of a j1+ j2 Was derived: f1 2e / D When f =0.1 hours, e / D 20, when f =0.15 pm, e / D 14 Fourth institutions centering clamping When the work p

19、iece is processed by the central element of surface (axis, the center plane, etc.) for the base process in order to enable the base to reduce the positioning error of coincidence to be used centering clamping body. Centering centering clamping body and clamping the two functions such as horizontal s

20、elf-centering three-jaw lathe chuck is a classic example of the most commonly used. Centering centering clamping the role of institutions according to their principle, there are two types, one is relying on the transmission mechanism so that mobile speed centering clamping device in order to achieve

21、 centering clamping, such as spiral leveraged institutions such as wedge; the other is the use of thin-walled elastic element force even after the elastic deformation (contraction or expansion), to achieve centering clamping, such as a spring clip drum, diaphragm chuck, bellows units, such as liquid

22、 plastic. 1. Centering clamping body spiral Rotary screw thread at both ends to the contrary, the same pitch. When it spins, the two V-shaped gag against the constant movement in order to achieve the centering of the work piece clamping or release. V-shaped work pieces of different shapes can shut u

23、p the replacement. Centering clamping bodies such features are: simple structure the work trip and general good but the centering accuracy is not high mainly suitable for rough or semi-finished tour of the needs of large and less demanding precision centering occasions. 2. Leveraged institutions cen

24、tering clamping Three-jaw self-centering leveraged trading cards, sleeve for axial movement the circle are three fabric hook lever will rotate around the axis, the three struck the slider along the radial movement of the cards in order to promote its claws the work piece centering and clamping or re

25、lease. This centering clamping rigid body, and move fast, by force multiplier, and the work trip is also characterized by relatively large, but its relatively low precision centering. Generally about 0.1mm it is mainly used for rough work. Since the body can not self-locking lever, so that organizat

26、ions rely on self-locking air pressure or other agencies. 3. Centering clamping wedge bodies Wedge mobile folder automatically centering body claw when the work piece surface within the hole and left the position in the fixture after the six-cylinder through the rod so that the left claw clip due to

27、 the role of ontology on the slope while the left claw folder to the opened outside the bulge will be centering the workpiece clamping the other hand claw shifted to right folder in the role of spring circle card folder under claw to release the work piece. Centering clamping bodies such compact str

28、ucture usually ranging from precision centering 0.02mm 0.07mm compared with the hole for the workpiece surface for positioning the base of the semi-finishing processes. 4. Clip-on spring-centering clamping cylinder body This centering clamping sleeve body type commonly used in the installation of th

29、e work piece. Elastic centering clamping simple structure, small size, easy to operate quickly, so a wide range of applications. Centering accuracy of its stability in between0.04mm 0.010mm. In addition to the above described centering clamping bodies, are commonly used diaphragm chuck body, corruga

30、ted centering clamping sets of institutions, as well as fluid bodies such as plastic clamping。Machining fixture is an indispensable component in the machine tool technology to high-speed, high efficiency, precision, complex, intelligent, environmentally-friendly direction, driven by technology is mo

31、ving fixture high-precision, high-performance, modular, mix, general economic direction. First, high-precision Machining with improved accuracy, in order to reduce the positioning error and improve machining accuracy of the fixture manufacturing precision demanding high-precision positioning jig Dis

32、tance accuracy up to 5m the bearing surface of the vertical fixture achieve 0.01mm / 300mm up to parallelism0.01mm/500mm. Switzerland duplication EROWA Flexible fixture positioning accuracy of up to 2 5m. Precision machine tool fixture to the micron level has been raised the worlds leading manufactu

33、rer of fixture is precision machinery manufacturing enterprises. It is true that, in order to meet the needs of different industries and economy, folders with different models, as well as the different grades for the accuracy of the standard options. Second, efficient tool To improve production effi

34、ciency, double-sided, four and more than clamping fixture of more and more products. Work piece in order to reduce the installation time, all kinds of auto-centering clamping, precision flat clamp, clamping levers, cam clamp, such as pneumatic and hydraulic clamping, rapid clamping new features cons

35、tantly. New type of electronically controlled permanent magnet fixture, step up and release the work piece only 12 seconds, simplifying the fixture structure for the machine to carry out stage, faceted and processing to create the condition. American JERGENS the companys ball lock clamping system,1

36、minutes, will be able to locate and lock fixture in the machine tool table, the ball lock clamping system of flexible production line for the replacement of fixtures, played reduce downtime and increase the role of productivity.Third, modules Modular components of modular fixture is the basis of the

37、 realization of portfolio. Take advantage of the modular design of serialization, standardization fixture elements, quickly assembled into a variety of fixtures, has become a fixture technology development basis points.Save labor, time, materials, energy-saving, being reflected in a variety of advan

38、ced fixture system innovation. The modular design laid the foundation for the the fixture computer-aided design and assembly. Application of CAD technology to create a component library the typical fixture library, standard and user archive fixture optimization design, assembly fixtures for users di

39、mensional solid. Cutting process simulation tool, both to provide users with the correct fixtures and components supporting the program, but also the accumulation of experience, understand the market demand, and continue to improve and perfect the fixture system.Fourth, GM Economic fixture versatili

40、ty direct impact on the economy. Modules, modular fixture system, a one-time investment is relatively large, the only fixture system reconfigurable and scalability features a wide range of applications, common good, fixture utilization, faster recovery of investment to reflect the economic good.中文译文

41、精密机械加工工艺在机械加工过程中，工件受到切削力、离心力、惯性力等的作用，为了保证在这些外力作用下，工件仍能在夹具中保持已由定位元件确定的加工位置，而不致发生振动或位移、夹具结构中应设置夹紧装置将工件可靠夹牢。 一、夹紧装置的组成 夹紧装置的种类很多，但其结构均由两部分组成。 1动力装置 夹紧力的来源，一是人力；二是某种装置所产生的力。能产生力的装置称为夹具的动力装置。常用的动力装置有：气动装置、液压装置、电动装置、电磁装置、气液联动装置和真空装置等。由于手动夹具的夹紧力来自人力，所以它没有动力装置。 2夹紧部分 接受和传递原始作用力使之变为夹紧力并执行夹紧任务的部分，一般由下列机构组成： （

42、1）接受原始作用力的机构。如手柄、螺母及用来连接气缸活塞杆的机构等。（2）中间递力机构。如铰链、杠杆等。 （3）夹紧元件。如各种螺钉压板等。 其中中间递力机构在传递原始作用力至夹紧元件的过程中可以起到诸如改变作用力的方向、改变作用力的大小以及自锁等作用。 二、夹紧装置的基本要求 在不破坏工件定位精度，并保证加工质量的前提下，应尽量使夹紧装置做到：1. 夹紧力的大小适当。既要保证工件在整个加工过程中其位置稳定不变、振动小，又要使工件不产生过大的夹紧变形。 2工艺性好。夹紧装置的复杂程度应与生产纲领相适应，在保证生产效率的前提下，其结构应力求简单，便于制造和维修。 3使用性好。夹紧装置的操作应当方

43、便、安全、省力。 三、基本夹紧机构 原始作用力转化为夹紧力是通过夹紧机构来实现的。在众多的夹紧机构中以斜楔、螺旋、偏心以及由它们组合而成的夹紧机构应用最为普遍。 1. 斜楔夹紧机构 采用斜楔作为传力元件或夹紧元件的夹紧机构称为斜楔夹紧机构。 直接采用斜楔夹紧时，斜楔的自锁条件是：斜楔的升角小于斜楔与工件、斜 楔与夹具体之间的摩擦角之和。 即： 为保证自锁可靠，手动夹紧机构一般取。用气压或液压装置驱动的斜楔不需要自锁，可取 。 斜楔夹紧具有结构简单，增力比大，自锁性能好等特点，因此获得广泛应用。 2. 螺旋夹紧机构采用螺杆作中间传力元件的夹紧机构统称为螺旋夹紧机构。由于它结构简单、夹紧可靠、通用

44、性好，而且由于螺旋升角小，螺旋夹紧机构的自锁性能好，夹紧力和夹紧行程都较大，是手动夹具上用得最多的一种夹紧机构。 （1）简单螺旋夹紧机构 最简单的螺旋夹紧机构由于直接用螺钉头部压紧工件，易使工件受压表面损伤，或带动工件旋转。因此常在头部装有摆动的压块。由于压块与工件间的摩擦力矩大于压块与螺钉间的摩擦力矩，压块不会随螺钉一起转动。 夹紧动作慢、工件装卸费时是单个螺旋夹紧机构的另一个缺点。为克服这一缺点，可采用快速夹紧机构。 （2）螺旋压板夹紧机构 在夹紧机构中，螺旋压板的使用非常普遍，常见的螺旋压板典型结构其结构尺寸均已标准化，设计者可参考有关国家标准和夹具设计手册进行设计。 3. 偏心夹紧机构

45、 用偏心件直接或间接夹紧工件的机构，称为偏心夹紧机构。偏心件有两种形式，即圆偏心和曲线偏心，其中，圆偏心机构因结构简单、制造容易而得到广泛应用。 偏心夹紧加工操作方便、夹紧迅速，缺点是夹紧力和夹紧行程都小。一般用于切削力不大、振动小、没有离心力影响的加工中。 （1）圆偏心轮的工作原理 （2）圆偏心轮的夹紧行程及工作段 （3）偏心轮的自锁条件 推导得： f1 2eD 当 f= 0.1 时，eD 20 当 f= 0.15 时，eD 14 四、定心夹紧机构 当工件被加工面以中心要素（轴线、中心平面等）为工序基准时，为使基准重合以减少定位误差，需采用定心夹紧机构。 定心夹紧机构具有定心和夹紧两种功能，如卧式车床的三爪自定心卡盘即为最常用的典型实例。 定心夹紧机构按其定心作用原理有两种类型，一种是依靠传动机构使定心夹紧元件等速移动，从而实现定心夹紧，如螺旋式、杠杆式、楔式机构等；另一种是利用薄壁弹性元件受力后产生均匀的弹性变形（收缩或扩张） ，来实现定心夹紧，如弹簧筒夹、膜片卡盘、波纹套、液性塑