压力机简介外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

1、 外文资料 Introduction to press Press is a compact structure versatility press. With a versatile, high production efficiency, the press can be widely used in cutting, punching, blanking, bending, riveting and forming and other processes. By applying strong pressure on the metal blank metal to plastic de

2、formation and fracture processed into parts. Large pulley driven by a motor (usually doubles as a flywheel) by mechanical presses work triangle belt driven through a clutch gear pair and slider-crank mechanism, the slider and punch straight down. 1 Basic Introduction. 1.1 Screw PressScrew press with

3、 a screw and nut as a transmission mechanism, and by the flywheel screw drive forward and reverse rotary motion into reciprocating slide down forging machinery. When working, the electric motor to rotate the flywheel to accelerate energy savings, through the screw, nut push the slider downward movem

4、ent. When the slider contacts the workpiece, is forced to decelerate to a complete stop of the flywheel, into rotational kinetic energy of the impact energy stored by the slider against the workpiece to deform. After the fight, the flywheel motor reversing, driving the slider to rise back to its ori

5、ginal position. Screw press with a nominal specification work force to represent. 1.2 crank pressCrank press is one of the most common cold stamping equipment, used for cold stamping die working platform. Its structure is simple, easy to use. By the bed in the form of the body structure is different

6、, crank press can be divided into open or closed crank press Crank presses; driven by the number of links can be divided into single-point or multi-point press press; press slide number is one or two can be divided into single-action or double-action press press. 1.3 Friction PressFriction press mac

7、hine is a strong universal pressure processing machine is widely used, can be used in a variety of pressure processing industries. In the machinery manufacturing industry, friction press applications more widely available to complete forging, upsetting, bending, correction, coining work, and some ha

8、ve no flash forging presses to accomplish this. Because of the press in the use of a larger universal, and there structure, installation, handling and auxiliary equipment is simple and low-cost advantages, so in machinery manufacturing, automobile, tractor and aviation industries in the press shop,

9、forge shop and forging workshops are widely used, but also for blanking and refractory suppression work.Over 1.4 pressesMulti-station press is an advanced press equipment, is an integrated multi-press, usually by head unit, feed mechanism, consisting of the press and the tail section. Fastest beat u

10、p to 40 beats / min or more, to meet the high-speed automated production. Unstacking head unit can be divided into units, magnetic belts and cleaning, oiling equipment; feed mechanism feeding arms generally composed; presses are generally divided into more than one slider and slider, choose accordin

11、g to the different needs,Tail section is generally constituted by a conveyor belt. 2 mechanical structurePress consists of four parts: a four-column hydraulic press machine; combined control cabinet; electric heating systems and insulation devices; mold conveyor gantry. The above composition with in

12、tegrated design, make nice shape, appearance, compact structure is simple, reliable, easy to maintain. 2.1 on a four-column hydraulic press machinePress should have a reliable structural rigidity resistance to deformation, hydraulic station location, press row set mold hoisting connected devices, hy

13、draulic station and press row has a removable dust cover. Can the direction of the workpiece length (3000) direction. Technical parameters are as follows: Nominal 190T; effective table size 3000 750 mm2; pressure exhaust velocity of 75 100 mm / s; maximum open distance of 550 mm (excluding heating p

14、late); dwell time 8h (workpiece 130 ) ; press the base height of 0.5 0.55m; press row and base flatness of 0.2 mm; press row lamination base average gap 0.25 mm (not less than 10 measuring points). 2.2 Heating SystemHeating the heating system is made of steel plate, heating, insulation layer. Two up

15、per and lower heating plates are connected with the press and the press row fixed base and easy removal, heating plate made of high quality 45 # steel tune tribute treatment. Electric heating plate placed in the heating tube and a thermocouple. Thermocouple placement fastening reliable, easy to disa

16、ssemble. Heating plate Technical parameters: the plane size 3050 650 mm2; flatness of 0.2 mm; measuring point arrangement: on board 3:00; under the board 6:00. Heating pipes made of stainless steel outer casing, operating voltage 220V. Unilateral qualify, the number is a multiple of 3. Electric heat

17、ing pipe replacement convenient and reliable. Wiring of the protective devices. Insulation layer is disposed between the heating plate and the base (or press row), the heating plate is surrounded by the insulation plate provided good insulation performance should be selected materials, the heating p

18、late is quite planar dimensions, the thickness of not less than 20 mm.2.3 Control CabinetRack presses the action and temperature cabinet. Instrument panel and switch on the cabinet; power switch, indicator, voltmeter, ammeter; press the action button and indicator light; pressure indicating instrume

19、nt; heating switch and indicator light; digital temperature regulator (accuracy 1 ); insulation timing control, over-temperature alarm; maximum temperature 180 ; heating rate of 1.7 2.5 / min; temperature inhomogeneities 3 , the heating power of each phase power balance; temperature regulator temper

20、ature region corresponding real-time control, When all reaches the set value 3 , timer expires after a set time, the temperature control system can automatically process heat or power by the setting. 2.4 Mold transport aircraftA carriage with an upper input roller structure presses one end connected

21、 to the base (removable), one end placed on the ground (height-adjustable). Carrying capacity 3T; lose height on the surface of the roll heating plate flush; plane size (2800 2900) 750mm2 (available part); compartment temperature pressure plate on press row and around the base to reduce mold heating

22、 process The heat loss with aluminum (or stainless steel) and the insulation material. To facilitate the placement may be divided into several pieces. 3 mechanical principlesPresses are usually driven by a motor through the friction disc flywheel rim leaving the flywheel rotates, so this press known

23、 as friction press, Chinas largest cattle friction press is 25 megabytes. Larger size presses with hydraulic system drives the flywheel, called hydraulic screw press, the maximum size of 125 megabytes cattle. Later appeared with an electric motor directly drives the flywheel presses, Its compact, le

24、ss transmission links, due to the frequent change of control of the higher electrical requirements, and requires special motors.Rotary presses no fixed lower dead point of the larger die forgings, can repeatedly blow molding can be singles, and even play jog. Strike force and deformation of the work

25、piece on large deformation hitting power, small deformation (such as cold hit) when combating force. In these respects, it is similar to the hammer. But its a slider low speed (about 0.5 m / sec, 1/10 only hammer), the striking force through a closed rack, so smooth, vibration is much smaller than t

26、he hammer, do not need a great foundation. Presses equipped with skid insurance agencies, the maximum impact force limited to two times the nominal pressure to protect the safety equipment.The lower forging presses are equipped with top of the device. Both screw press forging hammer, forging machine

27、ry and other mechanical presses role, universal and strong, can be used for forging, stamping, deep drawing processes. Furthermore, screw press, friction press particularly simple structure, easy to manufacture, it is widely used. Screw press drawback is lower productivity and mechanical efficiency.

28、 4 Mechanical UseImproper operation or stamping presses, die set type presses the leading cause damage and downtime. Appropriate training and stamping die press operator set can ensure that they follow the correct procedures. It will be able to quickly reduce downtime.Operations to the former class

29、points brake actuator shaft filling oil, stick ball classes before the first class of the day, No. 20-30 grease gun filling machine oil amount, clutch pressure injection site every day before class time with lubricating oil gun . Class before stopping the machine for cleaning.Check the fasteners, pa

30、dded exterior missing pieces. Check the clutch and springs, belts. Check machine lubrication devices. Check the electrical wiring is damaged, aging, motors, solenoids are normal. Check the accuracy of the crankshaft and rail wear. Check the brakes, clutch, slider, closed block, closed loop. Check th

31、e electrical control. Coupling bolts fuselage bench testing and adjustments.According to press a different machine types and processing requirements, develop targeted, practical safety procedures and make the necessary job training and safety education. Using the unit and the operator must strictly

32、comply with the provisions and procedures of design and manufacturing units to provide safety instructions and proper use, maintenance. Press generally safe operation requirements are as follows:Before moving equipment, to check manipulation of the press section, clutch and brakes are in an active s

33、tate, the security guards are complete handy slider-crank mechanism ministries without exception. Abnormal should immediately take the necessary measures not sick operation, disassembly and damaged safety devices is strictly prohibited. Prior to the formal job subject to idle test, confirmed only af

34、ter all part of the normal work. Should clean up before starting work bench all unnecessary items, to prevent car vibration or shock switch off the wounded man suddenly start causing sliders. Operation must use tools, prohibited by hand directly into his die extract, hand tools shall not be placed o

35、n the mold.When adjusting the position of the workpiece in the die area or strip stuck in the mold of the workpiece, the foot must leave the foot pedals. People operating the same press should have a unified command, the signal is clear, until the other party to make a clear answer, and then confirm

36、 the action away from the danger zone. Sudden power failure or operator should be finished off the power, and the manipulator to return to neutral clutch, brake in braking. Presses case for overhaul, adjustments and the installation, adjustment, disassembly die, disconnect energy (eg electricity, ga

37、s, liquid) in the machine, the machine stops operation carried out, and put the pads in the slider plus reliable Support. Listed at the start switch machine warning notice. 5 Mechanical Maintenance 5.1 attention to safety during maintenanceEnsure correct locking / opening process to ensure the safet

38、y of maintenance personnel to ensure the brakes prior to carry out maintenance work in the bottom of the sleeve into the trip. If this is done, it is no longer a lock sleeve. 5.2 Maintenance ProcessSo the press operator presses added to the process to maintain them in case of problems can always rem

39、ind maintenance or management personnel. They have carried out the operation of the press every day, so it can more easily hear or see signs of the problem. As a daily driver with a car, an exception can be noticed for the first time in the sound, which is also the same for the operator. 5.3 Environ

40、mental Control workshopA clean press allows the operator or maintenance personnel can quickly discover if a problem occurs. Such as oil spills, leakage, breakage, etc., if the press is clean, then its easy to find out its location. 5.4 ensure that the press is in the equilibrium positionPrecision ba

41、lanced press can get a better job, so best to check once a year. Charged with the operation of pneumatic systems and balance of pneumatic brake systems, you need to check whether there is a gas leak, because the Ministry of proper air pressure can affect performance brakes and balance system, and th

42、ey control the press to stop time, if there are problems will make the operation and equipment in danger. In addition, all systems have pneumatic regulators, lubricators and reservoir. Accumulation in the gas pipeline water a day should be excluded. 5.5 for some time to replace the oil and filterImp

43、roper lubrication system for the maintenance of the press is one of the main reasons the press downtime occurs, for some reason, a lot of press operator at the time of the oil circulation system with screen operation with occasional replacement of the filter. Should ensure that the replacement of oi

44、l while replacing the filter, usually also need regular replacement. 5.6 Maintenance of mechanical presses keyFor a mechanical press routine maintenance projects, which aspects are most important? The answer is the operator. All maintenance and issue press Find to start on the operator, the operator

45、 can often find problems early in the press, for the press to prevent the major components generated sustained damage. The operator can press attention by strange noise emitted; abnormal temperature rise, smoke, debris or some parts of the metal particles occurs; pipeline leaks, and found a problem.

46、 The operator should ask ourselves every day some questions answered by checking records to maintain long-term maintenance records. 6 InstallationUsers will press shipped to the installation site, open the box, and then according to the instructions for installation work, will press on cement founda

47、tions have been beaten with a level tested around the table at the front and rear of the fuselage, horizontal degrees required to allow every length 1000 mm 0.20 mm, adjust if uneven material iron, until compliance with the requirements. The foundation is shown in Figure ten. After the cement solidi

48、fication should be tightened evenly feet Lo Lo playing Manager (M24), with a spirit level to check the levelness of the fuselage table, presses must be completely solidified to begin work on the basis. After the installation is complete press should carefully kerosene oil will rust on the machined s

49、urface wash pressesKerosene not fall on the paint surface to avoid paint damage. Should be carefully cleaned and depression shoulder clean, dry after cleaning with cotton yarn, coated with a thin layer of oil. And check the lubrication hole is smooth, not be clogging.After the well, the press should

50、 be installed on a reliable grounding wire. 中文翻译 压力机简介 压力机是一种结构精巧的通用性压力机。具有用途广泛，生产效率高等特点，压力机可广泛应用于切断、冲孔、落料、弯曲、铆合和成形等工艺。通过对金属坯件施加强大的压力使金属发生塑性变形和断裂来加工成零件。机械压力机工作时由电动机通过三角皮带驱动大皮带轮(通常兼作飞轮)，经过齿轮副和离合器带动曲柄滑块机构，使滑块和凸模直线下行。1.基本简介1.1 螺旋压力机螺旋压力机用螺杆、螺母作为传动机构，并靠螺旋传动将飞轮的正反向回转运动转变为滑块的上下往复运动的锻压机械。工作时，电动机使飞轮加速旋转以储蓄能

51、量，同时通过螺杆、螺母推动滑块向下运动。当滑块接触工件时，飞轮被迫减速至完全停止，储存的旋转动能转变为冲击能，通过滑块打击工件，使之变形。打击结束后，电动机使飞轮反转，带动滑块上升，回到原始位置。螺旋压力机的规格用公称工作力来表示。1.2曲柄压力机曲柄压力机是一种最常用的冷冲压设备，用作冷冲压模具的工作平台。其结构简单，使用方便。 按床身结构形式的不同，曲柄压力机可分为开式曲柄压力机或闭式曲柄压力机；按驱动连杆数的不同可分为单点压力机或多点压力机；按滑块数是一个还是两个可分为单动压力机或双动压力机。1.3 摩擦压力机摩擦压力机机是一种万能性较强的压力加工机器，应用较为广泛，在压力加工的各种行业

52、中都能使用。在机械制造工业中，摩擦压力机的应用更为广泛，可用来完成模锻、镦锻、弯曲、校正、精压等工作，有的无飞边锻造也用这种压力机来完成。由于压力机在使用上万能性较大，并且有结构、安装、操纵及辅助设备简单和价格低廉的优点，因此在机械制造、汽车、拖拉机和航空等工业中的冲压车间、锻造车间及模锻车间都广泛采用，也可进行冲裁和耐火材料的压制工作。1.4 多工位压力机多工位压力机是先进的压力机设备，是多台压机的集成，一般由线头单元、送料机构、压力机和线尾部分组成。最快节拍可达40次/分以上、可满足高速自动化生产。线头单元可分为拆垛单元、磁性皮带及清洗、涂油设备等；送料机构一般由送料双臂组成；压机一般分为

53、多滑块和单滑块，根据不同需求进行选择，线尾部分一般由输送皮带构成。2.机械结构压力机由四部分组成：上压式四立柱油压机；组合控制机柜；电加热系统和保温装置；模具输送台架。上述组成采用一体化设计，使之造型大方、美观，结构紧凑 操作简单可靠，维护方便。2.1上压式四立柱油压机压机应具有可靠的结构刚度抗变形能力，液压站上位置，压排设置模具吊装连接装置，液压站和压排有可拆装的防尘机盖。工件能出方向为长度（3000）方向。技术参数如下：公称压力190T；有效工作台面积3000750 mm2；压排运动速度75100 mm/s；最大开合距离550 mm（不含加热板）；保压时间8h（工件130）；压机底座高度0

54、.50.55m；压排及底座的平面度0.2 mm；压排底座压合平均间隙0.25 mm（不小于10个测点）。2.2加热系统加热系统是由钢制加热板、加热管、保温层组成。加热板分上下两块，分别与压力机底座和压排固定连接，并便于拆装，加热板用优质45#钢调贡处理制成。在加热板中放置电加热管和热电偶。热电偶安置紧固可靠、拆卸方便。加热板技术参数：平面尺寸3050650 mm2；平面度0.2 mm ；测量点布置：上板3点；下板6点。加热管外外壳材料为不锈钢，工作电压220V。 单边出线，数量为3的倍数。电加热管更换方便、可靠。接线处有保护装置。保温层设置在加热板和底座（或压排）之间，加热板四周有设置保温侧板

55、 应选用隔热性能好的材料制作，平面尺寸与加热板相当，厚度不小于20毫米。2.3控制机柜机柜式压力机动作和温度的组合柜。机柜面板上仪表及开关；电源开关，指示灯，电压表，电流表；压力机动作按钮及指示灯；压力指示仪表；加热开关及指示灯；数显温度调节仪（精度1）；保温计时器，超温警报器；最大使用温度180；升温速率1.72.5/min；温度不均匀性3，各相电源的加热功率均衡；温度调节仪对相应测温区域实时控制，当全部达到设定值3时，计时器计时，达到设定时间后，控温系统能按工艺设定值自动加温或断电。2.4模具输送架台架为一个上部装有滚输的结构，一端与压力机底座相连（可拆卸），一端放置在地面上（可调节高度）

56、。承载能力3T；高度滚输上表面与下加热板齐平；平面尺寸（28002900）750mm2（可用部分）；隔温板放在压力机压排与底座四周，以减少模具加温过程中的热量损失，用铝板（或不锈钢板）和保温材料制成。为便于安放可分成数块。3.机械原理压力机通常由电动机通过摩擦盘带动飞轮轮缘而使飞轮旋转，所以这种压力机又称摩擦压力机，中国最大的摩擦压力机为25兆牛。更大规格的压力机用液压系统驱动飞轮，称为液压螺旋压力机，最大规格的有125兆牛。后来又出现用电机直接驱动飞轮的电动压力机，它的结构紧凑，传动环节少，由于换向频繁，对控制电器要求较高，并需要特殊电机。旋压力机无固定下死点，对较大的模锻件，可以多次打击成形，可以进行单打、连打和寸动。打击力与工件的变形量有关，变形大时打击力小，变形小（如冷击）时打击力大。在这些方面，它与锻锤相似。但它的滑块速度低（约0.5米/秒，仅为锻锤的1/10），打击力通过机架封闭，故工作平稳，振动比锻锤小得多，不需要很大的基础。压力机装有打滑保险机构，将最大打击力限制在公称压力的2倍以内，以保护设备安全。压力机的下部都装有锻件顶出装置。螺旋压力机兼有模锻锤、机械压力机等多种锻压机械的作用，万能性强，可用于模锻、冲裁、拉深等工艺。此外，螺旋压力机，特别是摩擦压力机结构简单，制造容易，所以应用广泛。螺旋压力机的缺点是生产率和机