Civil Rights Movement Begins.ppt

1、Copy this down before we start class today,Tuesday: Hwk: 22.2body 1 Wednesday: Hwk: 22.3body 2 Thursday: Hwk: 22.4body 3 Friday: Civil Rights Testproof readKennedy Reading Monday: Kennedyany questions on DBQ Tuesday: DBQ Due,Civil Rights Movement Begins,Part I Time Line of Events,Civil Rights Moveme

2、nt,Origins of Civil Rights Movement,Close to 1 million Black soldiers helped the Allies win during WWII Given new opportunities, better jobs, and more freedom After war, Blacks still treated as 2nd class citizens,Origins of Civil Rights Movement,Holocaust in WWII viewed as evil (Crimes against human

3、ity) Cold War (Communist leaders pointed out flaws in America) Influenced Americans to view themselves Many Americans to view treatment towards Blacks as wrong,The case involved Homer Plessy, a black man who defied the laws of the land and sat in the white section of a railroad car. Plessy was initi

4、ally fined $25, but he contested the decision all the way to the Supreme Court. The high court upheld the states separate but equal doctrine.,1896,Plessy vs. Ferguson allowed for Jim Crow laws to exist. This led to separate worlds for Blacks. Schools, restaurants, courthouses, bathrooms and even dri

5、nking fountains were also segregated. Although the 13th Amendment ban slavery, Blacks still lived in bonds.,1948Desegregation of the Armed Forces,President Truman issues an Executive Order integrating the armed forces.,Many said this couldnt be done.but during the Korean War (1951) blacks and whites

6、 fought alongside one another.,Imagine you are a seven year old and have to walk one mile to a bus stop by walking through a railroad switching station and then waiting for a school bus to go to a black elementary school or a school where only African American children went. This is what happened to

7、 Linda Brown, an African American third grader from Topeka, Kansas, even though there was a white elementary school only seven blocks away. A white elementary school was a school where only white students were able to attend.,1954 - Brown vs. Board of Education,For every $150.00 spent on white child

8、ren at the white schools only $50.00 was spent on African American children at the black schools. The parents of the African American children thought that their school was not treated as fairly because they were colored. They did not have the most current textbooks, not enough school supplies, and

9、overcrowded classrooms.,1954 Wins Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, landmark case that demolishes legal basis for segregation in America Declared separate but equal unconstitutional,Thurgood Marshall lawyer, Supreme Court Justice,1955,Emmet Till Murdered in Money, MS Body is almost unrecognizab

10、le Body exhumed June of 2005 in order to do an autopsy to identify murderers.,1955 - Rosa Parks,Rosa Parks courage led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. MLK and others led a this protest of city buses that lasted 13 months. Later, the Supreme Court ruling banned segregation of the citys public transit

11、vehicles went into effect.,Montgomery Bus Boycott,Civil Rights Movement,Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr eventually became leader of the Civil Rights movement after successfully leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott.,Ghandi,Nonviolence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the

12、 mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.,Gandhi was inevitable. If humanity is to progress,Gandhi is inescapable.He lived, thought and acted,inspired by the vision of humanity evolving towarda world of peace and harmony.” Dr. King,Types of Protests,Marches,Sit Ins,Greensboro

13、, North Carolina is where all the sit-ins began Many others followed,Facing Resistance,Police use dogs to quell civil unrest in Birmingham, Ala., in May 1963. Birminghams police commissioner Bull Connor also allowed fire hoses to be turned on young civil rights demonstrators. These measures set off

14、a backlash of sentiment that rejuvenated the civil rights movement.,Facing Resistance,Different Groups,Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC): headed by MLK Jr. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): begins with college kids National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peo

15、ple (NAACP) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),1957,Little Rock Arkansas An attempt was made to integrate Central High School with 9 black students. National Guard called in. Soldiers “protected” the black students.,Little Rock 9,Crisis in Little Rock,Federal Govt. can make states follow rules 9 stu

16、dents are to be admitted to school Gov. protests and federal troops have to be sent in to make Arkansas follow the law Troops remain there all year and escort students to class Eisenhower did little to fight the battle further,Kennedy and Civil Rights,Kennedy is afraid of losing southern support Fre

17、edom Riders head south Sons of rich wealthy important people of the north Kennedy sends help and brings more federal actions against the deep south,1961 - Freedom Rides,The first group of Freedom Riders, with the intent of integrating interstate buses, left Washington, D.C. by Greyhound bus in early

18、 May 1961.,James Meredith, center, was the first African American college student accepted by the University of Mississippi. His attendance provoked riots. Here he is escorted to class by U.S. marshals and troops. Oct. 2, 1962.,1962,1963,SNCC turns to violence led by H. Rap Brown and Stokely Carmich

19、ael,March on Washington “I Have a Dream” Speech by King, Jr.,Kennedy proposes a Civil Rights Bill prohibiting discrimination / LBJ passes it in 1964 and follows with a VRA in 65,Assassinations -Medgar Evers, NAACP -President John F. Kennedy,The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. acknowledges the crowd at t

20、he Lincoln Memorial for his I Have a Dream speech during a march on Washington, D.C., on Aug. 28, 1963. About 250,000 people attended the march to urge support for impending civil-rights legislation.,1963-March on Washington,March on Washington,Freedom Summer,Freedom Summer was a highly publicized c

21、ampaign in the Deep South to register blacks to vote during the summer of 1964. During the summer of 1964, thousands of civil rights activists, many of them white college students from the North, descended on Mississippi and other Southern states to try to end the long-time political disenfranchisem

22、ent of African Americans in the region. Three students (two white and one black) are killed by the KKK for this activity; the movie, “Mississippi Burning” commemorates this event.,1964 Birmingham AL,King leads a march of 3,300 people in the most segregated city in America and is arrested (nicknamed

23、“Bombingham”) Writes “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” King justified civil disobedience by saying that without forceful action, true civil rights would never be achieved. Direct action is justified in the face of unjust laws.,Civil Rights Act of 1964,Important step in ensuring equal rights for minorit

24、ies Guaranteed equal access to public accommodations, such as hotels. Disallowed unfair voter registration requirements Challenged employers over discrimination in hiring and employment Demanded that schools stop discrimination.,Watts Riot (Los Angeles)1965,Riots by African - Americans lasted for si

25、x days, leaving 34 dead, over a thousand people injured, nearly 4,000 arrested, and hundreds of buildings destroyed Cause? State and local areas reacted too slowly or blocked the enactment of the CRA 64 Conclusion: riots werent the act of thugs, but rather symptomatic of much deeper problems: the hi

26、gh jobless rate in the inner city, poor housing, bad schools,Assassinations,Malcolm X (1965),Martin Luther King, Jr. 1968,Robert Kennedy 1968,Hosea Williams (left), Jesse Jackson, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Rev. Ralph David Abernathy on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis hotel, a day before Kings assassination on April 3,1968.,Civil Rights Mov